From universal ethics то ethics оf event (M. Bakhtin — A. Badiou)

Статья посвящена проблеме соотношения субъективного действия с универсальным законом. В статье выявляются сходства и различия между взглядами Бахтина и Бадью на понимание этики события.The article deals with the relation of subjective action with the universal law. The article identifies similarities and differences between the views of Bakhtin and Badiou on the understanding of ethics of events

Modulation of Circumstellar Extinction in a Young Binary System with a Low-Mass Companion in a Noncoplanar Orbit

The cyclic activity model of a young star with the low-mass secondary component (q = M2/M1 <= 0.1) accreting a matter from circumbinary disk is considered. It is assumed that the orbit is circular and the disk and orbital planes are non-coplanar. Sets of hydrodynamics models of such a system have been calculated by the SPH method and then the variations of the circumstellar extinction and phase light curves were determined. The calculations showed that depending on the model parameters and orientation of the system in regards to an observer the different in shape and amplitude light curves can be observed. An important property of the considered models is also the dependence of the mass accretion rate onto the components on the phase of the orbital period. The results of the calculation can be used for analysis of the cyclic activity of UX Ori stars and young stars with the long-lasting eclipses.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: the problem of conjunction and phasing

The widespread prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as their combination, determines the need for a targeted analysis of this pathology in order to optimize approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with NAFLD and T2DM. As components of the metabolic syndrome, these two diseases have largely similar mechanisms of development and progression, simultaneously increasing the risk of adverse outcomes in comorbid patients. Despite the common pathophysiological mechanisms, the question of the development of NAFLD and T2DM remains significant.Upon conducting literature analysis, two main theories have been identified: alimentary and metabolic. According to the alimentary theory, the primary link in the pathogenesis is obesity and the associated excessive accumulation of free fatty acids and triglycerides in the liver, which subsequently leads to insulin resistance and the development of T2DM. In contrast, the metabolic theory considers diabetes-related insulin resistance as the first hit, which, regardless of obesity, creates preconditions for liver damage. In addition, the review focuses on the consideration of the new concept of Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) as a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome and considers the clinical phenotypes identified within this pathology. In conclusion, pathogenically based treatment goals in patients with NAFLD and T2DM are overcoming insulin resistance, correcting atherogenic dyslipidemia, and restoring the structures and functions of liver cells

HETEROGENEITY OF EARLY RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS ACCORDING TO BLOOD GENE EXPRESSION: THEORETICAL BASES OF A DIFFERENTIAL THERAPY APPROACH

Objective: to assess disease severity in relation to the expression of cell-division cycle genes: p21, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor; caspase 3, an apoptotic activity indicator; mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a major regulator of cell growth and proliferation; ATG1, a marker of autophagy; and the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the blood of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Subjects and methods. Thirty-nine early RA patients (mean age 47.1 years) and 47 healthy individuals (mean age 43.1 years) were examined. Gene expression in their peripheral blood cells was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RA activity was estimated according to DAS28 index and joint destruction. Results. In accordance with mTOR gene expression, the group of RA patients were divided into three subgroups: 1) 18 patients had a significantly lower mTOR gene expression than did the healthy controls (p < 0.01) and upregulated ATG1; 2) 12 patients had the same mTOR gene expression levels as in the healthy controls; p21 ATG1, and caspase 3 were, however, much upregulated; 3) 9 patients showed significant upregulation of all the examined genes as compared to the healthy controls (p < 0.01). The patients from 3 subgroups differed in TNF-α gene expression that was statistically significantly exceeded that in the healthy individuals, the expression being highest in subgroup 3 patients. The subgroups of RA patients showed some differences in clinical and immunological parameters. Particularly, subgroup 2 patients exhibited the lowest morning stiffness values while subgroup 1 patients had much fewer swollen joints than did subgroup 3 patients. In addition, subgroup 2 patients had significantly statistically higher levels of anti-citrullinated antibodies whereas subgroup 3 patients had lower rheumatoid factor concentrations than the other subgroups. Conclusion. Early RA patients represent a heterogeneous group. RA patient subgroups differ in the expression of cell-cycle and TNF-α genes and in some clinical and immunological parameters. Variability in the expression of the cell-division cycle genes in different subgroups of RA patients can indicate different mechanisms involved in the development and progression of the disease and hence the necessity of applying diverse approaches to their therapy

Actinic reticuloid: case report

This article is about the case of actinic reticuloid — the rare dermatosis which clinical presentation is similar to atopic dermatitis, T-cell lymphoma. Good treatment effect was obtained by long cycles (2 cycles for 3 months) of hydroxychloroquine and sun protective therapy included sunscreens SPF 50, nicotinic acid, sun-safe clothes which blocked ultraviolet radiation without any glucocorticosteroid drugs and cytostatic treatment

Escherichia coli stress response systems and their reaction to terahertz radiation

In this review, we summarize the latest data concerning the reactions of Escherichia coli to nonthermal terahertz radiation and the underlying molecular mechanisms. E. coli is the most simple and convenient model object for studying the effects of terahertz radiation: both its genetics and metabolism are well studied, and it is easily amenable to genetic engineering allowing one to create biosensors using promoters of genes activated by certain stress factors and the reporter GFP protein. Transformed E. coli cells containing biosensors can be used to visualize their reactions to terahertz radiation based on the intensity of GFP fluorescence. In this review, we present data on the response of certain E. сoli stress response systems to terahertz radiation obtained by us, as well as by other authors. We discuss experimental results for E. сoli/ pKatG-GFP, E. сoli/pCopA-GFP, and E. сoli/ pEmrR-GFP biosensors that are used to detect E. сoli genetic networks responding to oxidative stress, copper ion homeostasis failures, and antiseptics, respectively. The obtained data indicate that exposure to nonthermal terahertz radiation induces E. сoli gene networks of oxidative stress and copper ion homeostasis, but does not activate those responding to antibiotics, protonophores, or superoxide anions. The fact that E. сoli/pKatG-GFP and E. сoli/pCopA-GFP biosensors have different activation and reaction periods when exposed to terahertz radiation and natural inducers suggests that reactions of oxidative stress and copper ion homeostasis systems to terahertz radiation are specific