Development and investigation of common wheat lines of winter cultivar Bezostaya 1 with combinations of dominant alleles of VRN-1 loci

VRN genes, determining wheat sensitivity to vernalization, are the main genetic system that defnes the duration of the entire growing period and the durations of the main organogenesis phases. To date, several alleles have been described for VRN-1 loci, and allele­specifc primers have been developed that allow rapid identifcation of allelic spectra in common wheat varieties and lines. The unequal influence of different alleles of VRN-1 loci on the duration of the growing period has also been shown; however, there is little information on the effect of the combination of different alleles on heading time. In developing genotypes having different alleles of dominant VRN genes on the base of the same genetic background, it is necessary to study the genetic effects of VRN genes on the duration of the growing season and the individual developmental phases, as well as on productivity. Most varieties presently grown in Russia carry the dominant alleles of two VRN-1 genes: Vrn-A1a and Vrn-B1a or Vrn-B1c; thus, the task was to create lines combining the dominant alleles of Vrn-A1a with Vrn-B1a and Vrn-B1c against the genetic background of the winter variety Bezostaya 1 (Bez1 Vrn-A1a/Vrn-B1a and Bez1 Vrn-A1a/Vrn-B1c). Homozygous plants were isolated in the F2 generation by using known allele­specifc primers for the Vrn-A1 and Vrn-B1 loci. The durations of the tillering–frst node period, which is the key stage determining growing duration, and the period from shoots to heading were signifcantly reduced in lines with a combination of two dominant alleles of VRN-1 loci compared to isogenic lines of Bezostaya 1 with the dominant alleles Vrn-B1a and Vrn-B1c. The duration of these developmental phases also decreased in the obtained lines as compared to the isogenic line containing the dominant Vrn-A1a allele, but the differences were not signifcant. No substantial differences were found in the duration of other growing phases in lines with two dominant alleles of the VRN-1 loci as compared to isogenic lines of Bezostaya 1

Inheritance of signs of «many-flowered» common wheat and evaluation of productivity of the spike of F2 hybrids

Parameters of spike productivity in plants varieties Novosibirskaya 67 (N67), Saratovskaya 29 (S29), Puza-4 and «many-flowered» line Skle 123-09 were assessed in two years with different weather conditions. It was shown that «many-flowered» line Skle 123-09 is significantly higher in the number of grains per spike and number of grains per spikelet than varieties N67, S29 and Puza-4, and that the expression of «many-flowering» depends on the environmental conditions and the genetic background. It was shown that the «many-flowering» is a genetic trait and is therefore workable. A study of hybrids F2 С29×Skle123-09, N67×Skle 123-09, P-4×Skle 123-09 isolated plants with fan-shaped cones and a high number of grains per spikelet as Skle 123-09 and having the best performance of other features as ear varieties recipients. The seeds of these plants will be used to secure «flowering». Two-factor analysis of variance showed that the number of grains per spike knotted depends on growing conditions, genotype and their interaction. Variability of grains per spikelet in drought-resistant varieties of S29 and Puza-4 is mainly dependent on the genotype and, to a lesser extent, on the «genotype×environment» interaction. In variety N67 created for West Siberia, only genotype is a factor. The weight of a grain per ear primarily is primarily affected by «genotype×environment» (almost 60 %), while the influence of «genotype×environmental» was half as strong. The variability of «masse of one grain» in F2 hybrids (S29, P-4×Skle123-09) is influenced by environmental factors, genotype and their interplay. Genotype accounts for the highest impact (> 70 %). F2 hybrids (N67×Skle 123-09) share the greatest variability in the «genotype×environment» interaction (77 %)

Winter hardiness analysis of wheat-rye 5R(5A)-substituted lines in Western Siberia

Homoeologous group 5 chromosomes of wheat possess genes that have a significant influence on the time of earing, growth habit (Vrn), frost resistance (Fr) and winter hardiness. The Vrn-A1/Fr-A1, Vrn-B1/Fr-B1 and Vrn-D1/Fr-D1 genes are assigned to the long arm of the 5A, 5B and 5D chromosomes, respectively. In rye (Secale cereale L.), Vrn-R1/Fr-R1 genes, which determine the growth habit and cold/frost resistance, are localized on chromosome 5RL. To investigate the effect of individual chromosomes on winter hardiness, as well as their interactions with the background, wheat-rye 5R(5A)-substituted lines based on winter and spring wheats were used in this study. We created the wheat-rye 5R(5A) substitution lines based on the winter wheats cvs. ‘Filatovka’ and ‘Ulʼynovka’ and based on the spring wheats cvs. ‘Rang’ and ‘Mironovskaya krupnozernaya’ to identify the role of rye chromosome 5R in controlling the growth habit and winter hardiness. Two cultivars of rye—‘Onokhoiskaya’ (spring habit) and ‘Vietnamskaya Mestnaya’—are the source of chromosome 5R. We do not know the growth habit of rye ‘Vietnamskaya Mestnaya’. Field experiments were carried out over three years during the winters of 2015/2016, 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 in the Novosibirsk Region. It was found that 5R(5A) substitution lines for spring cvs. ‘Rang’ and ‘Mironovskaya krupnozernaya’, with the participation of the spring rye ‘Onokhoiskaya’, have a winter habit. The wheat-rye 5R(5A) lines for winter cvs. ‘Ul'yanovka’ and ‘Filatovka’, with the participation of rye ‘Vietnamskaya Mestnaya’, have a facultative habit. These substituted lines can grow in both spring and autumn sowing. The evaluation of winter hardiness conducted was carried out by means of visual scoring on a 1–9 score basis. All wheat-rye-substituted lines survived in the conditions of the Novosibirsk Region. Winter hardiness scores ranged from 5 to 6 after the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 winters, whereas winter hardiness scores varied from 8 to 9 after the 2017/2018 winter

VARIABILITY OF SPIKE PRODUCTIVITY IN F2 HYBRIDS OBTAINED BY CROSSING COMMON WHEAT VARIETIES NOVOSIBIRSKAYA 67, SARATOVSKAYA 29, AND PUZA-4 TO THE SKLE 123-09 MULTIFLORET LINE

Parameters of spike productivity were evaluated in plants of populations F2 obtained by crossing the varieties Novosibirskaya 67, Saratovskaya 29, and Puza-4 with the Skle 123-09 line, characterized by the multifloret habit. Skle 123-09 differed significantly from the studied cultivars in spike density, but no significant differences were found in spike length or the number of spikelets per spike. Two-way analysis of variance in F2 hybrids showed that the «spike length» variability character was determined mainly by the genotypic environment and the interaction of the factors «genotype × environment». The variability of the character “number of spikelets” was determined mainly by environmental conditions. This was particularly true for cultivars Saratovskaya 29 and Puza-4, recommended for arid areas. The variability of the resulting «spike density» character was affected by environmental conditions, genotype, and the «genotype × environment» interaction. The examination of the F2 populations revealed plants with fan-shaped spikelets; high grain content, as in Skle 123-09; and the best performance of other spike traits. The selected plants will be used to fix the «multiple florets» character in the parental varieties

Development and characterization of wheat-rye lines combining T1RS·1BL translocation and 5R(5D) chromosome substitution or T1RS·1BL and T5AS·5RL translocations

As a result of crossing substituted lines Saratovskaya 29 (S29) 5R(5A) and S29 5R(5D) with line L2075 (T1RS·1BL), two homozygous wheat-rye lines were obtained in the F7 generation and identified as T5AS·5RL + T1RS·1BL and 5R(5D) + T1RS·1BL, respectively. The rye chromosomes yare of different origins: 5R originated from spring rye Onohoskaya and 1RS from winter rye Saratovskaya 5. A new Robertsonian translocation was obtained where the 5RL arm was translocated to the short arm of wheat chromosome 5A, resulting in the T5AS·5RL translocation chromosome. Two translocations, T5AS·5RL and T1RS·1BL, and one chromosome substitution, 5R(5D), were identified and confirmed to be compensating on the basis of genomic in situ hybridisation, C-banding and 1RS- and 5R-specific PCR markers. Evaluation of resistance to fungal diseases revealed that homozygous T5AS·5RL + T1RS·1BL and 5R(5D) + T1RS·1BL lines are resistant to leaf rust and powdery mildew

Major differences in organization and availability of health care and medicines for HIV/TB coinfected patients across Europe

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate the organization and delivery of HIV and tuberculosis (TB) health care and to analyse potential differences between treatment centres in Eastern (EE) and Western Europe (WE). METHODS: Thirty-eight European HIV and TB treatment centres participating in the TB:HIV study within EuroCoord completed a survey on health care management for coinfected patients in 2013 (EE: 17 respondents; WE:21; 76% of all TB:HIV centres). Descriptive statistics were obtained for regional comparisons. The reported data on health care strategies were compared with actual clinical practice at patient level via data derived from the TB:HIV study. RESULTS: Respondent centres in EE comprised: Belarus (n = 3), Estonia (1), Georgia (1), Latvia (1), Lithuania (1), Poland (4), Romania (1), the Russian Federation (4) and Ukraine (1); those in WE comprised: Belgium (1), Denmark (1), France (1), Italy (7), Spain (2), Switzerland (1) and UK (8). Compared with WE, treatment of HIV and TB in EE are less often located at the same site (47% in EE versus 100% in WE; P < 0.001) and less often provided by the same doctors (41% versus 90%, respectively; P = 0.002), whereas regular screening of HIV-infected patients for TB (80% versus 40%, respectively; P = 0.037) and directly observed treatment (88% versus 20%, respectively; P < 0.001) were more common in EE. The reported availability of rifabutin and second- and third-line anti-TB drugs was lower, and opioid substitution therapy (OST) was available at fewer centres in EE compared with WE (53% versus 100%, respectively; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Major differences exist between EE and WE in relation to the organization and delivery of health care for HIV/TB-coinfected patients and the availability of anti-TB drugs and OST. Significant discrepancies between reported and actual clinical practices were found in E