Features of the natural course of subclinical hypothyroidism in young athletes

Objective: to assess the natural course of subclinical hypothyroidism in young athletes.Methods: In the prospective single-center uncontrolled study, data from 3,062 outpatient records of young athletes (members of the Russian national team) of both sexes (middle age — 15 [14; 16] years) and underwent medical examination in the period from January 2021 to September 2022 were studied. All athletes were divided into 2 groups according to the presence of subclinical hypothyroidism (an increase in the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone from 5 to 10 mUn/l with a normal level of T4 free). During a dynamic follow-up (1 year), athletes with subclinical hypothyroidism underwent a repeated study of the concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine and antibodies to thyroperoxidase.Results: Signs of subclinical hyperthyroidism were found in 58 young athletes (30 boys (51.7 %) and 28 (48.3 %) girls). During dynamic observation with continued habitual physical activity, spontaneous normalization of the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone was observed in 74 % of young athletes. At the same time, normalization of thyroid-stimulating hormone in girls was observed less often compared to boys (p = 0,272). In no case did clinically pronounced hypothyroidism develop.Conclusion: The majority of young male and female athletes with subclinical hypothyroidism have spontaneous normalization of hormonal profile against the background of persistent physical and psycho-emotional stress. The data obtained make it possible, subject to the possibility of dynamic observation, to recommend doctors working with young elite athletes not to prescribe hormonal replacement therapy and not to modify the usual lifestyle

Apokamps produced by repetitive discharges in air

New experimental and computational data on apokamps produced by repetitive discharges in air, including a detailed description of the research techniques used, are presented. It has been shown that plasma bullets–streamers in apokamps at low frequencies could start not only from the bright offshoot but also directly from the discharge channel. The experimental and computational data demonstrate that the visual color of apokamp changes from blue to red as the intensity ratio of the second to the first positive nitrogen system decreases with the decreasing pressure

Effect of testosterone in young ice-hockey players on hematological, biochemical parameters and the level of physical performance

Ice-hockey combines intense physical activity at high speed with elements of power struggle. Testosterone is the main anabolic hormone, an increase in which during adolescence is associated with faster growth, increased muscle mass, physical strength, and increased overall and aerobic performance. Thus, it is interesting to study the effect of different testosterone levels on metabolic parameters and physical performance of young ice-hockey players.Objective: to compare hematological and biochemical parameters, as well as exercise performance in young ice-hockey players, depending on the testosterone level.Materials and methods: the study included 100 young ice-hockey players aged 15–17 years (average age 15.3 ± 1.1 years). The study group included 25 young ice-hockey players with an increased level of total blood testosterone (> 27.5 nmol/l). The control group included 75 young athletes with normal testosterone levels. All athletes included in the study underwent the PWC 170 test to assess physical performance. Assessment of hematological parameters included hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit, red blood cell, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean concentration hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). β-crosslaps, myoglobin and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity were measured to assess the functional state of muscle and bone tissue.Results: A comparative assessment of the CBC in young ice-hockey players did not reveal significant differences depending on the level of serum testosterone level. Tolerance to physical activity in the study groups also did not differ. Young ice-hockey players with increased testosterone levels showed lower β-crosslaps values compared to the control group. The values of other biomarkers of the functional activity of muscle tissue did not depend on the level of testosterone levels.Conclusion: Increased serum testosterone level in the range from 27.5 to 40 nmol/l, detected in young ice-hockey players aged 15–17 years, is not associated with a change in hematological and biochemical parameters. High total testosterone levels do not improve physical performance. It is necessary to continue studies to assess the dynamics of the serum testosterone in young ice-hockey players to clarify the long-term effects of androgens on the metabolic and functional indicators of young athletes. Increasing serum testosterone levels in athletes is subject to wide discussion in the community of sports physicians and endocrinologists

Frequency and structure of endocrine diseases in young elite athletes

There is no data on the prevalence of endocrine disorders in young elite athletes in Russia.Objective: to assess the prevalence of endocrine pathologies and their structure in children and adolescents involved in elite sport.Materials and methods: the study included data from outpatient records of members of national sports teams, who underwent special medical examination. The data of a random sample of 1081 outpatient cards of young athletes, for 26 sports, were analyzed.Results: we found a high prevalence of endocrine pathology (18.6 %) in children and adolescents involved in high-performance sports. Thyroid diseases are most the most frequent in young athletes (in 57.3 % of cases). On second place is obesity (12.3 %). The frequency of weight deficiency and short stature is 8.4 % each. Autoimmune thyroiditis occupies a leading place in the structure of thyroid pathology in young elite athletes. Subclinical hypothyroidism takes the second place, and nodular goiter — the third place.Conclusion: young elite athletes are characterized by a high frequency of endocrine pathology, the leading place in which is occupied by thyroid diseases. It is necessary to further studies aimed at assessing the mechanisms of hormonal adaptation in elite young athletes to assess their impact on the development of the child and the correct interpretation of the hormonal profile obtained during a special medical examination

Dynamics of the structure of open globe injuries according to the Sverdlovsk regional ophthalmotraumatological center database for the period from 2011 to 2021(preliminary report)

The aim of the study- to analyze the structure of OGI according to the hospital of the Sverdlovsk regional ophthalmotraumatological center database for 2019 and 2021 and compare it with previously published data of 2011.Цель исследования - проанализировать структуру ОТГ по данным стационара Свердловского областного офтальмотравматологического центра за 2019 и 2021 годы и сравнить её с опубликованными ранее данными 2011 года

Spatially resolved simulation of a radio frequency driven micro atmospheric pressure plasma jet and its effluent

Radio frequency driven plasma jets are frequently employed as efficient plasma sources for surface modification and other processes at atmospheric pressure. The radio-frequency driven micro atmospheric pressure plasma jet ($\mu$APPJ) is a particular variant of that concept whose geometry allows direct optical access. In this work, the characteristics of the $\mu$APPJ operated with a helium-oxygen mixture and its interaction with a helium environment are studied by numerical simulation. The density and temperature of the electrons, as well as the concentration of all reactive species are studied both in the jet itself and in its effluent. It is found that the effluent is essentially free of charge carriers but contains a substantial amount of activated oxygen (O, O$_3$ and O$_2(^1\Delta)$). The simulation results are verified by comparison with experimental data

Analysis of choroidal thickness in patients receiving anti-VEGF therapy for myopic chorioidal neovascularization (preliminary report)

The purpose of the study is the determination and analysis of indicators of choroidal thickness (CT) in the macula in patients with myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV) who received anti-VEGF therapy.Цель исследования — определение и анализ показателей толщины хориоидеи (ТХ) в макулярной области у пациентов с миопической хориоидальной неоваскуляризацией (мХНВ), получавших антиангиогенную терапию

Опыт применения тофацитиниба в лечении резистентного ревматоидного артрита

The Russian Federation has not got sufficient experience with tofacitinib (TOFA) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) so far; in this connection, all follow-ups using this drug in real clinical practice are of particular interest.Objective: to evaluate the efficancy and safety of TOFA in an open-label noncomparative trial of RA patients who have failed to achieve low disease activity or remission in compliance with the EULAR criteria after standard disease-modifying therapy and who have been previously untreated with drugs from a group of biological agents.Subjects and methods. Five patients (4 women and 1 men, whose age was 45 to 58 years (mean age 53 years)) with a valid diagnosis of RA were followed up. All the patients had an advanced clinical stage of RA with erosive arthritis (X-ray Stage III), predominantly involving the minor hand joints. Seropositive and seronegative (for rheumatoid factor (RF)) RA was diagnosed in 4 and 1 patients, respectively. At the inclusion into the study, the patients received disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Due to the remaining disease activity, all the patients were given TOFA in a dose of 5 mg twice daily (10 mg/day); moreover, 4 patients received its monotherapy (1 because of intolerability and 3 because of noncompliance); 1 female patient took a combination of TOFA and methotrexate (MT) in a dose of 10 mg/week. Two patients continued to use methylprednisolone 4 mg/day (that had been long taken) in combination with TOFA. The duration of TOFA therapy was 3 months.Results. TOFA 10 mg/day showed high therapeutic efficacy and good tolerability. Three-month disease-modifying therapy with TOFA(4 patients) and its combination with MT (1 patient) resulted in a considerable reduction in DAS28 scores and a significant clinical improvement in ACR 20/50/70 responses. Positive clinical changes were associated with a reduction in the blood level of immune markers (C-reactive protein and RF) up to the seroconversion phenomenon in one female patient.Conclusion. The findings allow TOFA to be recommended for the treatment of RA in case of the inefficiency of standard disease-modifying agents or contraindications to their use.В Российской Федерации пока нет достаточного опыта применения тофацитиниба (ТОФА) у больных РА, в связи с этим особый интерес представляют все наблюдения, в которых использовали этот препарат в реальной клинической практике.Цель исследования – оценка эффективности и безопасности ТОФА в открытом несравнительном исследовании у пациентов с РА, не достигших низкой активности либо ремиссии по критериям EULAR под воздействием стандартной болезнь-модифицирующейтерапии и не получавших ранее препараты из группы биологических агентов.Материал и методы. Под наблюдением находилось 5 пациентов с достоверным диагнозом РА: 4 женщины и 1 мужчина в возрасте от 45 до 58 лет (средний возраст 53 года). У всех пациентов имелась развернутая клиническая стадия РА с эрозивным артритом (III рентгенологическая стадия) и преимущественным поражением мелких суставов кистей. Серопозитивный вариант РА диагностирован у 4 больных, серонегативный по ревматоидному фактору (РФ) – у 1 пациентки. На момент включения в исследование пациенты получали базисную терапию стандартными противоревматическими средствами. В связи с сохраняющейся активностью заболевания всем пациентам был назначен ТОФА в дозе 5 мг 2 раза в день (10 мг/сут), причем 4 больных получали монотерапию ТОФА (1 – из-за плохой переносимости, 3 – из-за низкой приверженности лечению), 1 пациентка – комбинацию ТОФА и метотрексата (МТ) в дозе 10 мг/нед. В комбинации с ТОФА 2 пациента продолжили прием метилпреднизолона (который получали уже продолжительное время) в дозе 4 мг/сут. Длительность терапии ТОФА составила 3 мес.Результаты. Показано, что ТОФА в дозе 10 мг/сут обладает высокой терапевтической эффективностью и хорошей переносимостью. Под воздействием 3-месячного курса базисной терапии ТОФА (4 пациента) и его комбинации с МТ (1 пациентка) отмечены существенное снижение активности РА по индексу DAS28, а также значимое клиническое улучшение по критериям ACR 20/50/70. Положительная динамика клинических показателей сочеталась с уменьшением уровня маркеров иммунного воспаления: СРБ и РФ в крови, вплоть до феномена сероконверсии у 1 пациентки.Заключение. Полученные результаты позволяют рекомендовать ТОФА для лечения РА при неэффективности стандартных базисных средств или противопоказаниях к их применению

Number and structure of hospitalizations of patients with eye injuries from 2001 to 2021 in the Sverdlovsk regional ophthalmotraumatological center (preliminary report)

The aim of the study- to study the number and structure of hospitalizations of patients with eye injuries in dynamics for the period from 2001 to 2021 according to the hospital of the Sverdlovsk Regional Ophthalmotraumatological Center database.Цель исследования - изучить число и структуру госпитализаций пациентов с глазными травмами в динамике за период с 2001 по 2021 год по данным стационара Свердловского областного офтальмо-травматологического центра