Адсорбция водорода на чистых и допированных углеродных нанотрубках: DFT моделирование

Рассматривается адсорбция нескольких молекул водорода на внешней и внутренней поверхности комплекса "углеродная нанотрубка (9,9)@Li". Численные эксперименты проводились в пакете SIESTA в двух приближениях для обменно-корреляционного потенциала: приближении обобщенных градиентов (GGA) и приближении локальной электронной плотности (LDA). Моделирование показало, что добавление атома лития позволяет увеличить энергию адсорбции 3-4 молекул водорода (расположенных в первой координационной сфере Li) по сравнению со случаем сорбции на чистой поверхности углеродной нанотрубки. При этом энергии связи попадают в диапазон 200-700 мэВ/(молекулу Н[2]), обеспечивающий эффективность циклов сорбции/десорбции газа, только в случае внутренней сорбции

The usage of a binder system for frozen berries in the manufacture of confectionery

The aim of the research was to create binding systems for confectionery using gelling agents. The possibility of using partially hydrolyzed liquid egg white (egg hydrolyzate) in the binding system of gelling agents (egg hydrolyzate - agar (EG-A), egg hydrolyzate - starch (EG-S)) was determined to obtain the required mechanical characteristics when creating coatings, ornaments or fillers in confectionery with whole berries or pieces of fruit. In this regard, a technology has been developed for the hydrolysis of liquid egg white in the presence of an acidic reagent. The best rheological characteristics of the gelling agent from egg white were obtained under the following hydrolysis conditions: egg white : 1% HCl ratio = 1:2, process temperature - 66°C, duration - 40 minutes, the pH of the egg hydrolyzate was 6.53, the amount of dry solids was 11.78%. The newly created systems with agar (E406, Germany), chemically modified food starch (E1442, Germany) and hydrolyzed egg white (egg hydrolyzate) allow to adjust the properties of the coating for quick-frozen berries used in semi-finished confectionaries or cakes. It is established that the coating for quick-frozen berries, which includes a system consisting of 1% E406 and 0.5% egg hydrolyzate, should be carried out in 2 stages. In the first stage, a 10-minute exposure of the coating, which has a tensile strength of 580 g cm-2 , allows to create a strong capsule around the berry, which prevents the processes of destruction from proceeding. The second stage is necessary to obtain a uniform surface coating of the semi-finished mix from the berries. In this case, the tensile strength of the coating should be 480 g cm-2 . The system created from the E1442 and egg hydrolyzate gelling agents was also used in 2 stages when making cakes, which were subsequently baked at 180 °C. The content of the binding system in the coating applied to the test substrate was 6.9–7.7%, the effective viscosity of the coating was 120–180 Pa s. The content of the binding system in the coating of the surface of the berries in the second stage was 5.2–6.3% with effective viscosity values of 50–90 Pa s. Semi-finished berry products and ready-made baked cakes, produced with developed binding systems, can be stored at -8 °C for 10 to 12 days. After refrigerated storage, the separated moisture was not observed in the test samples. The absence of the phenomenon of syneresis with the indicated proportions of the introduction of gelling agents in coating systems has been established

Профессиональный стандарт «Агрономия» в контексте запросов работодателей

Introduction. In the article, the authors drew attention to the fact that the development of modern agriculture is aimed at finding new ways and methods to increase land productivity and raise farm animals. In the current situation, the interaction between real production and science comes to the fore. Science should provide domestic enterprises with high technologies. However, there is a large gap between universities and the real sector of the economy.Purpose setting. Compliance of the competencies of graduates with the requirements of employers is becoming a modern trend in the development of agricultural education. In the conditions of innovative economic development, the labor market needs specialists who can work in various professional environments and have a high motivation for retraining.Methodology and methods of the study. The secondary analysis of sociological research data on the compliance of the level of professional training of graduates of agricultural universities with the production requirements of today is compared with the results of a sociological study of students of Nizhny Novgorod Agrotechnological University.Results. The researchers not only identified a set of problems inherent in modern agricultural education, but also described specific competencies (according to the federal state educational standard in the area of training «Agronomy» (FGOS 3++), which do not meet the needs of the leading stakeholders of agricultural production, revealed the inconsistency of the subjects of the educational process in understanding and broadcasting professional qualifications.Conclusion. The authors believe that the results obtained determine the relevance of the rights of agricultural universities to make their own adjustments to the formation of the qualifications of graduates.Введение. Развитие современного сельского хозяйства нацелено на поиск новых способов и методов увеличения продуктивности земель и выращивания животных. На первый план выходит взаимодействие между реальным производством и наукой, которая должна обеспечивать высокими технологиями отечественные предприятия. Однако наблюдается наличие большого разрыва между вузами и реальным сектором экономики.Постановка задачи. Современной тенденцией развития аграрного образования становится соответствие компетенций выпускников требованиям работодателей. В условиях инновационного развития экономики рынок труда нуждается в специалистах, которые могут работать в различных профессиональных средах и иметь высокую мотивацию к переобучению.Методика и методология исследования. Вторичный анализ данных социологических исследований на соответствие уровня профессиональной подготовки выпускников аграрных вузов производственным требованиям сегодняшнего дня сопоставлен с результатами социологического исследования студентов Нижегородского агротехнологического университета.Результаты. Итогом исследования стало выявление не только комплекса проблем, присущих современному аграрному образованию, но и описание конкретных компетенций по направлению подготовки «Агрономия» (ФГОС 3++), не соответствующих запросам ведущих стейкхолдеров агропроизводства, в том числе несогласованность субъектов учебного процесса в понимании и транслировании профессиональной квалификации.Выводы. Полученные результаты определили актуальность прав аграрных вузов вносить свои коррективы в формирование квалификации выпускников

Homobivalent Lamellarin-Like Schiff Bases: In Vitro Evaluation of Their Cancer Cell Cytotoxicity and Multitargeting Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Potential

Marine alkaloids belonging to the lamellarins family, which incorporate a 5,6-dihydro-1-phenylpyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline (DHPPIQ) moiety, possess various biological activities, spanning from antiviral and antibiotic activities to cytotoxicity against tumor cells and the reversal of multidrug resistance. Expanding a series of previously reported imino adducts of DHPPIQ 2-carbaldehyde, novel aliphatic and aromatic Schiff bases were synthesized and evaluated herein for their cytotoxicity in five diverse tumor cell lines. Most of the newly synthesized compounds were found noncytotoxic in the low micromolar range (<30 μM). Based on a Multi-fingerprint Similarity Search aLgorithm (MuSSeL), mainly conceived for making protein drug target prediction, some DHPPIQ derivatives, especially bis-DHPPIQ Schiff bases linked by a phenylene bridge, were prioritized as potential hits addressing Alzheimer's disease-related target proteins, such as cholinesterases (ChEs) and monoamine oxidases (MAOs). In agreement with MuSSeL predictions, homobivalent para-phenylene DHPPIQ Schiff base 14 exhibited a noncompetitive/mixed inhibition of human acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with Ki in the low micromolar range (4.69 μM). Interestingly, besides a certain inhibition of MAO A (50% inhibition of the cell population growth (IC50) = 12 μM), the bis-DHPPIQ 14 showed a good inhibitory activity on self-induced β-amyloid (Aβ)1-40 aggregation (IC50 = 13 μM), which resulted 3.5-fold stronger than the respective mono-DHPPIQ Schiff base 9

Особенности апоптоза и блеббинга цитоплазматической мембраны лимфоцитов при бронхиальной астме

 Given a persistent global trend towards an increase in the number of patients with bronchial asthma (BA) over the past decades, researchers are facing challenges related to a comprehensive study of the pathogenesis of BA. Numerous studies have shown that BA is associated with long-term persistence of leukocytes (lymphocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils) in the bronchial tissues. However, the causes of this phenomenon remain understudied. The article provides an overview of modern research on the mechanisms of disorders of lymphocyte apoptosis in patients with BA.Our study considers the main mechanisms of molecular regulation of  lymphocyte apoptosis, including transcription factors, the Fas/FasL system, and bcl-2/bcl-XL factors. We present the data on the role of reduced lymphocyte apoptosis in the formation of a severe BA phenotype. Taking into account high  prevalence of obesity among patients with BA, we analyzed a few existing articles on the apoptosis of immunocompetent cells in obesity. In addition, the article highlights the key mechanisms of development of lymphocyte plasma membrane blebbing (PMB) with formation of microvesicles, as well as their influence on the course of pathological processes in BA. The authors believe that further in-depth study of apoptosis, lymphocyte  necrosis, and plasma membrane blebbing can help improve the principles of diagnosis and treatment of BA.  С учетом стойкой общемировой тенденции к нарастанию численности больных бронхиальной астмой (БА) за последние десятилетия перед исследователями встает  задача всестороннего изучения патогенеза бронхиальной астмы. В многочисленных исследованиях доказано, что течение БА сопряжено с длительной персистенцией лейкоцитов (лимфоцитов, макрофагов, эозинофилов) в тканях бронхов. Однако остается открытым вопрос о причинах данного явления. В данной статье представлен обзор современных научных исследований, посвященных изучению механизмов нарушения апоптоза лимфоцитов у  больных бронхиальной астмой.Рассматриваются основные механизмы молекулярной  регуляции апоптоза лимфоцитов, например  транскрипционные факторы, система Fas/FasL, факторы bcl- 2/bcl-XL и др. Приводятся данные об участии снижения  апоптоза лимфоцитов в формировании фенотипа с тяжелым течением бронхиальной астмы. Учитывая высокую  распространенность ожирения среди больных  бронхиальной астмой, проанализированы немногочисленные статьи, касающиеся апоптоза  иммунокомпетентных клеток при ожирении. Кроме того, в статье освещаются ключевые механизмы развития  блеббинга цитоплазматической мембраны (ЦПМ) с формированием лимфоцитарных микровезикул, а также их  влияние на течение патологических процессов при астме.Авторы считают, что дальнейшее углубленное изучение  процессов апоптоза и некроза лимфоцитов, а также блеббинага ЦПМ сможет помочь в улучшении принципов диагностики и  лечения бронхиальной астмы.

Polarization of Lambda^0 hyperons in nucleus-nucleus collisions at high energies

The measurement of Lambda^0 hyperons polarization in nucleus-nucleus collisions is considered as one of possible tools to study the phase transition. Fixed target and collider experiments are discussed for the case of Lambda^0's production from Au-Au central collisions at \sqrt{s_{NN}} of several GeV.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figure

Measurements of KL Branching Fractions and the CP Violation Parameter |eta+-|

We present new measurements of the six largest branching fractions of the KL using data collected in 1997 by the KTeV experiment (E832) at Fermilab. The results are B(KL -> pi e nu) = 0.4067 +- 0.0011 B(KL -> pi mu nu) = 0.2701 +- 0.0009 B(KL -> pi+ pi- pi0) = 0.1252 +- 0.0007 B(KL -> pi0 pi0 pi0) = 0.1945 +- 0.0018 B(KL -> pi+ pi-) = (1.975 +- 0.012)E-3, and B(KL -> pi0 pi0) = (0.865 +- 0.010)E-3, where statistical and systematic errors have been summed in quadrature. We also determine the CP violation parameter |eta+-| to be (2.228 +- 0.010)E-3. Several of these results are not in good agreement with averages of previous measurements.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. D; 20 pages, 22 figure