Bis(dihydrogen norfloxacinium) tri-μ2-chlorido-bis­[trichloridobismuthate(III)] chloride dihydrate

The title compound, {systematic name: (3-carb­oxy-1-ethyl-6-fluoro-7-piperazin-4-ium-1-yl-1H-quinolin-4-yl­idene)oxonium tri-μ2-chlorido-bis­[trichloridobismuthate(III)] chloride dihydrate], (C16H20FN3O3)2[Bi2Cl9]Cl·2H2O, is composed of [Bi2Cl9]3− anions lying on crystallographic twofold rotation axes, Cl− anions also on twofold axes, C16H20FN3O3 2+ cations, and water mol­ecules. The BiIII coordination polyhedron is a distorted octa­hedron and two such octa­hedra share a triangular face to form the complex anion. There are three short terminal Bi—Cl bonds [2.5471 (6)–2.5781(5 Å] and three longer bridging bonds [2.8599 (5)–2.9984 (6) Å] in each octa­hedron. Anions, cations and water mol­ecules are linked by hydrogen bonds to form a three-dimensional network. There are also π–π stacking inter­actions between quinoline ring systems, with an inter­planar distance of 3.27 (1) Å

Анализ развития рифей-вендских отложений северо-восточной части Волго-Уральской НГП в связи с их нефтегазоносностью

The indicators of hydrocarbons generation and migration, and the source rock location in the Riphean - Vendian deposits of the northeast part of the Volga-Ural Oil and Gas Province are considered using the results of study of large volume of borehole data. The analysis of the indicators allowed localizing in the Riphean and Vendian deposits zones of the source rocks of various productivity and different phase composition of the generated hydrocarbons. Distribution of oil and gas content in the Riphean and Vendian sediments coincides with the development of the Riphean Kama-Belsk aulacogen, where the source rock concentrates. The obtained data confirm the most important role of the Riphean source rocks in generation of hydrocarbons and suggests the possible vertical hydrocarbons migration to the Vendian formation. Prevalence of the revealed oil deposits at the margins of the Kama-Belsk aulacogen is possibly due to the initial migration from the internal parts.На основе исследования большого объема фактического материала по додевонским разрезам в скважинах северо-восточной части Волго-Уральской НГП рассмотрены показатели генерации и эмиграции углеводородов, установлены нефтегазоматеринские породы в рифейских и вендских отложениях. Анализ использованных показателей позволил выделить зоны развития нефтегазоматеринских пород в рифейских и вендских отложениях различной продуктивности и с разным фазовым составом генерированных углеводородов. Зональность развития нефтегазоносности в рифейских и вендских отложениях совпадает с развитием рифейского Камско-Бельского авлакогена, в котором преобладают рифейские нефтегазоматеринские породы. Полученные данные подтверждают наиболее важную роль рифейских материнских пород в генерации углеводородов и указывают на возможную вертикальную миграцию нефти в вендские образования. Преобладание выявленных залежей нефти в бортовых зонах Камско-Бельского авлакогена, возможно, связано с первоначальной миграцией из его внутренних частей

Associative connection of infectious and inflammatory diseases in pregnancy and severe preeclampsia

Materials and methods. This retrospective case-control study enrolled 50 women with severe preeclampsia and 50 control women with spontaneous singleton pregnancy. Median age of women ranged from 20 to 35 years. All women did not have a history of hypertension, autoimmune, metabolic, renal, or cardiac diseases, and preeclampsia before this pregnancy. We have analyzed χ2, odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence intervals (95% Cl). Results. We found significant association between maternal systemic infectious and severe preeclampsia (OR = 49.6; 95% Cl 13.05-188.64). The risk of severe preeclampsia were significantly lower in patients with local infections of the lower genital tract (OR = 4.5; 95% Cl 1.49-6.71). Asymptomatic bacteriuria is associated with the highest risk of severe preeclampsia (OR = 17.0; 95% Cl 4.66-61.81). Acute gravidarum pyelonephritis showed lower association with severe preeclampsia (OR = 5.4; 95% Cl 1.69-10.54). We did not observe increased risk of severe preeclampsia with acute respiratory infections (OR = 2.0; 95% Cl 0.71-4.69). Acute non-specific bacterial vaginitis and acute candidiasis vulvovaginitis were found to be risk factors of severe preeclampsia (OR = 6.7; 95% Cl 1.90-11.02 and OR = 4.3; 95% Cl 1.45-9.99 respectively). Cytomegalovirus infection (2 %), toxoplasmosis (2 %), Chlamydia trachomatis cervicitis (4 %), acute Trichomonas colpitis (2 %) and bacterial vaginosis (4 %) were found only in patients with severe preeclampsia. Conclusion. Our data support that acute maternal infection is associated with an increased risk of severe preeclampsia in healthy women with singleton pregnancy. Systemic inflammatory response might be the main potential mechanisms related to infections and enhanced development of severe preeclampsia. Further research is required to elucidate the underlying mechanism of this association

Formation of the Petroleum Potential of Vuktyl Overthrust Using the Results of the 1D Basin Modeling

Статья посвящена моделированию процессов формирования нефтегазоносности Вуктыльского надвига по данным исследований параметрической скважины Вуктыльская-58, которая пересекает как аллохтон, так и автохтон, что его затрудняет. Несмотря на то, что газовые и газоконденсатные месторождения в пределах впадины были открыты еще в 60-х гг. прошлого века, глубокопогруженные отложения на данной территории в связи с труднодоступностью остаются малоизученными, а перспективы их нефтегазоносности невыясненными. Для бассейнового моделирования разреза был использован модуль 1D программного комплекса PetroMod. В результате показано, что материнские породы аллохтона в основном могли генерировать только нефть; в глубокопогруженных отложениях автохтона происходили процессы генерации газов и газоконденсатов, которые могли не только обеспечить формирование залежей в глубоких горизонтах, но и, вероятно, внесли вклад в формирование основной крупной залежи Вуктыльского газоконденсатного месторождения; генерация и аккумуляция газообразных углеводородов происходили в основном после проявления надвиговых дислокаций, когда были сформированы основные ловушки в глубокопогруженных толщах.This article discusses the modeling of oil and gas generation processes at the Vuktyl Overthrust with usage of well Vuktylskaya-58 parametric data. These well cuts contain both the allochthon and autochthon parts of the overthrust. Despite the fact that gas and gas-condensate deposits within the basin were discovered in 60th of XX century, the deep sediments in this area remains poorly understood due to the difficult accessibility. The petroleum prospects of the area have not been clear. The PetroMod software 1D module was used for basin cross-section modeling. The result proved that the source rocks of the allochthon could generate only oil. In the deep sediments of the autochthon, the processes of generation of gases and condensates could form deposits not only in the deeper horizons, but also may have been involved in the formation of the major deposits of the Vuktyl gas condensate field. Generation and accumulation of hydrocarbons occurred mainly after overthrust dislocations, when the main traps formed in the deep-lying strata

Tetrakis(dihydrogen pefloxacinium) di-μ2-chlorido-bis[tetrachloridobismuthate(III)] tetrachloride octahydrate

The title compound {systematic name: tetrakis[4-(3-carboxy-1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-hydroxonio-1,4-dihydro-7-quinolyl)-1-methylpiperazin-1-ium] di-μ2-chlorido-bis[tetrachloridobismuthate(III)] tetrachloride octahydrate}, (C17H22FN3O3)4[Bi2Cl10]Cl4·8H2O, is composed of edge-shared centrosymmetric dinuclear [Bi2Cl10]4− anions, Cl− anions, dihydrogen pefloxacinium cations and water molecules. The BiIII coordination polyhedron is a distorted octahedron. There are four short terminal Bi—Cl bonds [2.5037 (10)–2.6911 (7) Å] and two longer bridging bonds [2.8834 (8) and 3.0687 (9) Å] in each octahedron. Two sets of chloride ions and water molecules are disordered over the same sites with site occupancies of 1/3 and 2/3, respectively. Anions, cations and water molecules are linked by O—H...O, O—H...Cl and N—H...Cl hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional framework. There are also π–π stacking interactions between quinoline ring systems [centroid–centroid distance = 3.575 (1) Å]

Myogenesis of Siboglinum fiordicum sheds light on body regionalisation in beard worms (Siboglinidae, Annelida)

Background Many annelids, including well-studied species such as Platynereis, show similar structured segments along their body axis (homonomous segmentation). However, numerous annelid species diverge from this pattern and exhibit specialised segments or body regions (heteronomous segmentation). Recent phylogenomic studies and paleontological findings suggest that a heteronomous body architecture may represent an ancestral condition in Annelida. To better understand the segmentation within heteronomous species we describe the myogenesis and mesodermal delineation of segments in Siboglinum fiordicum during development. Results Employing confocal and transmission electron microscopy we show that the somatic longitudinal musculature consists of four separate strands, among which ventrolateral one is the most prominent and is proposed to drive the search movements of the head of the late metatrochophore. The somatic circular musculature lies inside the longitudinal musculature and is predominantly developed at the anterior end of the competent larva to support the burrowing behaviour. Our application of transmission electron microscopy allows us to describe the developmental order of the non-muscular septa. The first septum to form is supported by thick bundles of longitudinal muscles and separates the body into an anterior and a posterior region. The second group of septa to develop further divides the posterior body region (opisthosoma) and is supported by developing circular muscles. At the late larval stage, a septum reinforced by circular muscles divides the anterior body region into a forepart and a trunk segment. The remaining septa and their circular muscles form one by one at the very posterior end of the opisthosoma. Conclusions The heteronomous Siboglinum lacks the strict anterior to posterior sequence of segment formation as it is found in the most studied annelid species. Instead, the first septum divides the body into two body regions before segments are laid down in first the posterior opisthosoma and then in the anterior body, respectively. Similar patterns of segment formation are described for the heteronomous chaetopterid Chaetopterus variopedatus and serpulid Hydroides elegans and may represent an adaptation of these annelids to the settlement and transition to the sedentarian-tubiculous mode of life