Maternal well-being and its association to risk of developmental problems in children at school entry

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Children at highest risk of developmental problems benefit from early identification and intervention. Investigating factors affecting child development at the time of transition to school may reveal opportunities to tailor early intervention programs for the greatest effectiveness, social benefit and economic gain. The primary objective of this study was to identify child and maternal factors associated with children who screened at risk of developmental problems at school entry.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>An existing cohort of 791 mothers who had been followed since early pregnancy was mailed a questionnaire when the children were aged four to six years. The questionnaire included a screening tool for developmental problems, an assessment of the child's social competence, health care utilization and referrals, and maternal factors, including physical health, mental health, social support, parenting morale and sense of competence, and parenting support/resources.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of the 491 mothers (62%) who responded, 15% had children who were screened at high risk of developmental problems. Based on a logistic regression model, independent predictors of screening at high risk for developmental problems at age 5 were male gender (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.3, 4.1), maternal history of abuse at pregnancy (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.3, 4.4), and poor parenting morale when the child was 3 years old (OR: 3.9; 95% CI: 2.1, 7.3). A child with all of these risk factors had a 35% predicted probability of screening at high risk of developmental problems, which was reduced to 13% if maternal factors were favourable.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Risk factors for developmental problems at school entry are related to maternal well being and history of abuse, which can be identified in the prenatal period or when children are preschool age.</p

Remote Controlling and Monitoring of Safety Devices Using Web-Interface Embedded Systems

To date, access control systems have been hardware-based platforms, where software and hardware parts were uncoupled into different systems. The Department of Electronic Technology in the University of Seville, together with ISIS Engineering, have developed an innovative embedded system that provides all needed functions for controlling and monitoring remote access control systems through a built-in web interface. The design provides a monolithic structure, independence from outer systems, easiness in management and maintenance, conformation to the highest standards in security, and straightforward adaptability to applications other than the original one. We have accomplished it by using an extremely reduced Linux kernel and developing web and purpose- specific logic under software technologies with an optimal resource use.Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología TEC2006-0843

Isolation of Haemophilus parasuis in lungs of pigs in Lima, Peru: a report of three cases

Se presentan tres casos ocurridos entre mayo y junio de 2006, en base a muestras de pulmón de cerdo procedentes de dos granjas de crianza porcina y de un camal de la zona de Lima. Los resultados del aislamiento y pruebas bioquímicas fueron compatibles con Haemophilus parasuis.The paper document three cases occurred in May and June, 2006, based on lung samples from pigs of two farms and one slaughterhouse in Lima, Peru. The results of isolation and biochemical test were compatible with Haemophilus parasuis

ANTIMICROBIAL IN VITRO SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SALMONELLA ENTERICA ISOLATED FROM GUINEA PIGS OF FAMILIAR-COMMERCIAL BREEDING SYSTEMS IN THE PROVINCE OF CARHUAZ, ANCASH

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la sensibilidad de Salmonella enterica aislada de cuyes, con signos clínicos sugerentes de salmonelosis, frente a 12 antibacterianos. Los cuyes fueron criados bajo un sistema familiar-comercial en la provincia de Carhuaz, Áncash, entre mayo a julio de 2007. Se colectó muestras de bazo, hígado y otros órganos con lesión aparente (n=65). Para el aislamiento de S. enterica se utilizaron métodos convencionales y el análisis de sensibilidad a antibacterianos fue mediante el método de difusión por discos de Kirby-Bauer. Cepas de S. enterica s e aislaron en el 61.5% de los cuyes. El 100% de estas cepas (40/40) fue sensible a enrofloxacina, sulfatrimetoprim, estreptomicina y amoxicilina, el 97.5% al cloranfenicol y gentamicina, y el 92.5% a fosfomicina. Se encontraron cepas resistentes a furazolidona (15.0%) y colistina (12.5%) entre otras. Los resultados indican que la sensibilidad de S. enterica a enrofloxacina y sulfatrimetoprim, así como al cloranfenicol, gentamicina y fosfomicina, hacen de estos antibacterianos buenas alternativas para el tratamiento de la salmonelosis en las granjas estudiadas.The objective of the present study was to determine the sensitivity of Salmonella enterica to 12 antibiotics. The bacteria were isolated from guinea pigs showing clinical signs compatible to salmonellosis. Samples of spleen, liver and other organs showing pathological lesions were collected from unhealthy guinea pigs bred under a familiarcommercial system in the province of Carhuaz, Ancash between May to July 2007. Conventional methods were used in order to isolate S. enterica strains and the diffusion test of Kirby-Bauer method was used to evaluate the sensitivity to antibiotics. Strains of S. enterica were isolated from 61.5% of the animals. All of these strains (40/40) were sensible to enrofloxacin, sulfatrimethoprim, streptomycin, and amoxicillin, 97.5% to chloramphenicol and gentamicin, and 92.5% to fosfomicin. Resistant strains were found to furazolidone (15.0%) and colistin (12.5%) among others. The results showed that sensitivity to enrofloxacin and sulfatrimethoprim, as well as chloramphenicol, gentamicin and fosfomicin indicated these antibiotics are good choices for salmonelosis treatment in the studied farms

PREVALENCIA DE BRUCELOSIS CANINA EN DOS DISTRITOS DE LA PROVINCIA CONSTITUCIONAL DEL CALLAO

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de brucelosis canina (Brucella canis) en dos distritos de la Provincia Constitucional del Callao. Se recolectaron 456 sueros de perros sin distinción de sexo, raza y edad, que se analizaron mediante la prueba de Inmunodifusión en Gel de Agar (IDGA) con antígeno de B. ovis. Se encontró una prevalencia de 15.6 ± 33% (71/456). No se encontró diferencia estadística significativa entre las variables distrito, sexo, raza o grupo etáreo, pero se encontró diferencia estadística significativa (p&lt;0.05) entre animales con y sin historia reproductiva (26.5 y 8.6%, respectivamente).The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of canine brucellosis(Brucella canis) in two districts of the province of Callao. A total of 456 sera werecollected from dogs without distinction of breed, sex and age. Samples were analyzed bythe Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) test using B. ovis antigen. The results indicatedthat 15.6 ± 3.3 (71/456) of sampled animals were positive. No statistical differences werefound due to district, breed, sex or age; however, differences were found (p&lt;0.05) beetweendogs with and without reproductive history (26.5 and 8.6% respectively)

Histopathological lesions and bacteriological isolation in apparently healthy gamitanas (Colossoma macropomum)

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar lesiones histopatológicas y aislar agentes infecciosos en órganos y tejidos de gamitanas (Colossoma macropomum) aparentemente sanas. Se colectaron 40 especímenes juveniles en una piscigranja de la zona de Ucayali, Perú. Se tomaron muestras de hígado, bazo, riñón, estómago, branquias y músculo para análisis histopatológico y de los cinco primeros para análisis bacteriológico. En el hígado se encontró degeneración hidrópica (39/40), en el riñón se observó degeneración hidrópica y necrosis tubular (40/40), con incremento de centros melanomacrófagos en la periferia de los túbulos, en el estómago se observó degeneración hialina en las células de la mucosa (25/40), y en las branquias se observó infiltración de células inflamatorias en filamento branquial (40/40), hiperplasia del epitelio interlaminar (40/40) e hiperplasia del filamento branquial (18/40). No se encontraron lesiones en bazo. Se encontraron parásitos mixosporidios en branquias (2/40), riñón (40/40) y músculo (12/40) y parásitos monogeneos en branquias (6/40). Se aislaron, en baja frecuencia, bacterias potencialmente patógenas (Aeromonas hydrophila y Edwardsiella tarda) en branquias y órganos internos, pero sin relación con las lesiones histopatológicas.The aim of this study was to determine histopathological lesions and bacterial isolates in organs and tissues of clinically healthy gamitanas (Colossoma macropomum). Forty juveniles were collected from a fish farm in the region of Ucayali, Perú. Samples were collected from kidney, liver, spleen, stomach, gills and muscle for histopathological and bacteriological analysis. In the liver was found hydropic degeneration (39/40), in kidney, hydropic degeneration and tubular necrosis (40/40) with an increase of melanomacrophage centres in the periphery of the tubules, in stomach, hyaline degeneration (25/40), and in gills, infiltration of inflammatory cells in branchial filament (40/40), interlamellar epithelium hyperplasia (40/40) and hyperplasia in branchial filament (18/40). No lesions were found in the spleen. Myxosporean parasites were found in gills (2/40), kidney (40/40) and muscle (12/40), and monogenean parasites in gills (6/40). Bacteria were isolated in low frequency, including potentially pathogenic bacteria (Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda) in gills and organs, but without association with the histopathological findings

FREQUENCY OF PATHOGENS ISOLATED IN CLINICAL CASES OF CANINE PIODERMA AND ITS ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY

La dermatitis bacteriana canina, comúnmente conocida como piodermia, es una de las principales enfermedades dermatológicas observadas en la clínica veterinaria. El presente estudio retrospectivo tuvo como objetivo determinar la frecuencia de los diferentes agentes bacterianos involucrados con esta enfermedad y los antibióticos que presentan mejor actividad inhibidora frente a los principales microorganismos patógenos. Para tal fin, se analizaron los registros de resultados de aislamiento bacteriano y antibiograma del Laboratorio de Bacteriología de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, durante el periodo 2000-2006. El Staphlococcus intermedius fue la especie más aislada (70.6%). Los antibióticos más efectivos fueron de la familia de las cefalosporinas como el ceftiofur y la cefalexina, mientras que la penicilina fue la que presentó mayor índice de resistencia.The canine bacterial dermatitis, commonly known as pyoderma is one of the main skin diseases in the veterinary practice. The present retrospective study had the objective to determine the frequency of the bacteriological agents involved with the disease and the antibiotics that show better antimicrobiobial susceptibility. Laboratory records of bacterial isolation and antibiogram of the Laboratory of Bacteriology of the Veterinary Medicine Faculty, San Marcos University, Lima, were analyzed. Staphlococcus intermedius was the most commonly isolated species (70.6%). The most effective antibiotics were from the Cephalosporin family, especially the ceftiofur and cefalexin, and penicillin was the antibiotic with higher resistance index

ANTIBIOTIC in vitro SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SUBGINGIVAL BACTERIA IN CANINES WITH MODERATE TO SEVERE PERIODONTAL DISEASE

Se determinó la susceptibilidad antibiótica de bacterias subgingivales en caninos con enfermedad periodontal moderada a severa. Se trabajó con 30 canes provenientes de cuatro albergues de la ciudad de Lima. Las muestras se tomaron con puntas de papel estéril colocadas en el fondo de la bolsa periodontal del cuarto premolar y canino del cuadrante superior derecho. El agente bacteriano aislado con mayor frecuencia fue Porphyromonas gingivalis (50%). Además, se hallaron Bifidobacterium spp (20%), Prevotella intermedia (16.7%), Staphylococcus spp (30%) y enterobacterias (60%). La mayor susceptibilidad antibiótica de las especies halladas fue frente al imipenem (100%),habiendo una susceptibilidad variable para los demás antibióticos dependiendo del agente bacteriano.The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of subgingivalbacteria in dogs with moderate to severe periodontal disease. Thirty dogs from fourshelters were sampled using sterile paper sheet tips at the bottom of the periodontalpocket in the fourth premolar and canine teeth of the upper right quadrant. The most frequent bacteria isolated were Porphyromonas gingivalis (50%), Bifidobacterium spp(20%), Prevotella intermedia (16.7%), Staphylococcus spp (30%) and enterobacteria(60%). The highest antibiotic susceptibility from isolated bacteria species was againstimipenem. The susceptibility against other antibiotics depended of the bacterial species

Cognitive and mood functioning in borderline and schizotypal personality disorders

Research suggests many shared clinical features across individuals with Schizotypal Personality Disorder (SPD) and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), including problems with attention/ executive functioning and mood. Therefore, aspects of these areas of functioning were compared in SPD and BPD to better characterize their respective difficulties. BPD, SPD, and healthy control (HC) participants were administered measures of cognitive and mood functioning. Compared with healthy controls, SPD patients performed significantly worse on aspects of the Delayed-Matching- to-Sample task, a measure of short-term visual memory abilities; however, the individuals with BPD did not differ from healthy controls. Neither of the patient groups differed from HC’s on measures of processing speed or planning. With regard to mood functioning, the BPD group exhibited significantly higher levels of affective disturbance (e.g., sadness, fear, anger) compared with the SPD patients and HCs. Overall, findings suggest different patterns of fronto-subcortical weakness in each patient group. While SPD patients exhibited relative weakness with short-term memory, BPD patient performance on such measures did not reveal relative weakness compared with HCs but did implicate problems with mood

DINÁMICA DE LA INFECCIÓN CON Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae EN PORCINOS PROVENIENTES DE MADRES CON Y SIN ANTECEDENTES DE INMUNIZACIÓN

El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo determinar el momento de infección con Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae en 240 porcinos provenientes de madres inmunizadas y no inmunizadas, en una granja tecnificada de un solo sitio, donde se maneja un sistema de “todo dentro todo fuera”. La granja estaba ubicada en el valle del río Chillón, Lima, y era positiva a este agente. El estudio se realizó en los meses de otoño e invierno del 2003. Un grupo de marranas fue inmunizado con 2 ml de una bacterina comercial contra M. hyopneumoniae a los 85 días de gestación, mientras que otro grupo permaneció sin vacunación. Los lechones obtenidos de estas marranas fueron divididos en dos grupos de 120 animales, según los antecedentes inmunitarios de las madres. Se obtuvieron muestras de suero de los porcinos de ambos grupos en diferentes momentos del proceso productivo para la medición de anticuerpos mediante la prueba de ELISA indirecta. El 66.7 (74/112) y 85.6% (101/118) de animales provenientes de madres inmunizadas y no inmunizadas, respectivamente, fueron serorreactores durante el transcurso del estudio. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que la infección de ambos grupos ocurrió alrededor de las 10 semanas de edad, sin diferencia estadística significativa entre grupos (p&gt;0.05) lo cual coincide con factores estresantes como fue el reagrupamiento de los animales de los corrales de recría a los de acabado.The aim of the study was to determine the time of infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in 240 piglets of vaccinated and non vaccinated sows from a positive farm with an all-in/all-out (AIAO) system, located in the Chillón valley, Lima. The study was conducted during autumn and winter 2003. One group of sows was vaccinated with 2 ml of a M. hyopneumoniae commercial bacterin at 85 days of gestation while the other group remained unvaccinated. Two groups of 120 piglets each were established according to their dams’ status of immunity. Blood samples were collected from piglets at various times during the production period (weaning till slaughter) for measuring antibodies against M. hyopneumoniae using an ELISA indirect assay. The 66.6 (74/112) and 85.6% (101/118) of piglets from the vaccinated and non-vaccinated dams, respectively, were seroreactive throughout the period of the study. The results indicated that the time of infection occurred in both groups at approximately 10 weeks of age, and without significant differences between groups (p&gt;0.05). Time of infection occurred concomitantly with the stress caused by the relocation of piglets from nursery to growth-finishing corral