Influence d'une faculte´ des sciences de l'administration sur les valeurs humaines de ses e´tudiants

This study indicates that schools of business influence the personal values of their students. Current management education produces individuals who have ego-centered rather than society or other-centered values. Given this framework the authors raise the question, "Do business schools produce the type of manager that is needed in the future?".Cette e´tude indique que les e´coles d'administration influencent les valeurs personnelles de leurs e´tudiants. L'e´ducation manage´riale actuelle produit des individus centre´s sur eux- me^mes pluto^t que sur des valeurs socie´tales ou sur d'autres types de valeurs. Etant donne´ cette situation, les auteurs posent la question: "Est-ce que les e´coles d'administration pro- duisent le type de gestionnaire dont nous aurons besoin dans l'avenir"

Fungal infections in renal transplant patients

Organ transplantation has always been considered to be the standard therapeutic interventions in patients with end-stage organ failure. In 2008, more than 29,000 organ transplants were performed in US. Survival rates among transplant recipients have greatly improved due to better understanding of transplant biology and more effective immunosuppressive agents. After transplant, the extent of the immune response is influenced by the amount of interleukin 2 (IL-2) being produced by the T-helper cells. Transplant immunosuppressive therapy primarily targets T cell-mediated graft rejection. Calcineurin inhibitor, which includes cyclosporine, pimecrolimus and tacrolimus, impairs calcineurin-induced up-regulation of IL-2 expression, resulting in increased susceptibility to invasive fungal diseases. This immunosuppressive state allows infectious complication, leading to a high mortality rate. Currently, overall mortality due to invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in solid organ transplant recipients ranges between 25% and 80%. The risk of IFI following renal transplant is associated with the dosage of immunosuppressive agents given, environmental factors and post-transplant duration. Most fungal infections occur in the first 6 months after transplant because of the use of numerous immunosuppressors. Candida spp. and Cryptococcus spp. are the yeasts most frequently isolated, while most frequent filamentous fungi (molds) isolated are Aspergillus spp. The symptoms of systemic fungal infections are non-specific and early detection of fungal infections and proper therapy are important in improving survival and reducing mortality. This article will provide an insight on the risk factors and clinical presentation, compare variation in treatment of IFIs in renal transplant patients, and evaluate the role of prophylactic therapy in this group of patients. We also report the course and management of two renal transplant recipients admitted to Staten Island University Hospital, both of whom developed pulmonary complications secondary to Aspergillus infection

Need for Injury-Prevention Education in Medical School Curriculum

Injury is the leading cause of death and disability among the U.S. population aged 1 to 44 years. In 2006 more than 179,000 fatalities were attributed to injury. Despite increasing awareness of the global epidemic of injury and violence, a considerable gap remains between advances in injury-prevention research and prevention knowledge that is taught to medical students. This article discusses the growing need for U.S medical schools to train future physicians in the fundamentals of injury prevention and control. Teaching medical students to implement injury prevention in their future practice should help reduce injury morbidity and mortality. Deliberate efforts should be made to integrate injury-prevention education into existing curriculum. Key resources are available to do this. Emergency physicians can be essential advocates in establishing injury prevention training because of their clinical expertise in treating injury. Increasing the number of physicians with injury- and violence- prevention knowledge and skills is ultimately an important strategy to reduce the national and global burden of injury

Calcitonin delays the progress of early-stage mechanically induced osteoarthritis. In vivo, prospective study

SummaryBackground/rationaleIntroducing new or testing existing drugs in an attempt to modify the progress of osteoarthritis (OA) is of paramount importance.Questions/purposesThis study aims to determine the effect exerted by Calcitonin on the progress of early-stage osteoarthritic lesions.MethodsWe used 18, skeletally mature, white, female, New Zealand rabbits. OA was operatively induced in the right knee of each animal by the complete dissection of the anterior cruciate ligament, complete medial meniscectomy and partial dissection of the medial collateral ligament. Postoperatively, animals were divided into two groups. Starting on the ninth postoperative day and daily thereafter, group A animals (n = 9) received 10 IU oculus dexter (o.d.) of synthetic Calcitonin IntraMuscularly (I.M.); group B animals (n = 9) received equal volume of saline o.d. Three animals from each group were sacrificed at 1, 2 and 3 months following treatment's initiation. The extent and the grade of OA were assessed macroscopically, histologically and by radiographs, Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-scans. The Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score, incorporating histological and macroscopic information, was calculated for each knee.ResultsOsteoarthritic changes in group A animals were less severe and progressed less rapidly when compared with those of group B animals (sham). This difference was statistically significant in the first and second month (P = 0.05), but not in the third month (P = 0.513).ConclusionsI.M. administration of Calcitonin seems to delay the progress of early-stage osteoarthritic lesions induced by mechanical instability in a rabbit experimental model

The role of epidermal growth factor-like module containing mucin-like hormone receptor 2 in human cancers.

G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are among the most diverse and ubiquitous proteins in all of biology. The epidermal growth factor-seven span transmembrane (EGF-TM7) subfamily of adhesion GPCRs is a small subset whose members are mainly expressed on the surface of leukocytes. The EGF domains on the N-terminus add significant size to these receptors and they are considered to be among the largest members of the TM7 family. Although not all of their ligands or downstream targets have been identified, there is evidence implicating the EGF-TM7 family diverse processes such as cell adhesion, migration, inflammation, and autoimmune disease. Recent studies have identified expression of EGF-TM7 family members on human neoplasms including those of the thyroid, stomach, colon, and brain. Their presence on these tissues is not surprising given the ubiquity of GPCRs, but because their functional significance and pathways are not completely understood, they are of tremendous clinical and scientific interest. Current evidence suggests that expression of certain EGF-TM7 receptors is correlated with tumor grade, confers a more invasive phenotype, and increases the likelihood of metastatic disease. In this review, we will discuss the structure, function, and regulation of these receptors. We also describe the expression of these receptors in human cancers and explore their potential mechanistic significance

An Overlapping Case of Lupus Nephritis and IgG4-Related Kidney Disease

We report a case of a 71-year-old Filipino female who was admitted to the hospital for abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea of 8 days duration. The patient was found to have marked acute kidney injury (AKI), which required hemodialysis in the next 3 days. Extensive workup revealed hematuria, subnephrotic range proteinuria, elevated anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) and elevated total immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels, with normal IgG4 and anti-dsDNA levels. On kidney biopsy, mild membranous glomerulonephritis was found, along with autoimmune tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) with a full-house pattern of immune deposits. These findings were suggestive of lupus interstitial nephritis. However, IgG4+ plasma cells were detected in the interstitium by immunostaining, favoring a diagnosis of IgG4-related kidney disease (IgG4-RKD). Our case highlights the difficulty in differentiating lupus nephritis (LN) from IgG4-RKD in some patients, raising the suspicion that these two entities can co-exist

Immunocompetent murine models for the study of glioblastoma immunotherapy.

Glioblastoma remains a lethal diagnosis with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. (NEJM 352:987-96, 2005) Although immunotherapy-based approaches are capable of inducing detectable immune responses against tumor-specific antigens, improvements in clinical outcomes are modest, in no small part due to tumor-induced immunosuppressive mechanisms that promote immune escape and immuno-resistance. Immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at bolstering the immune response while neutralizing immunosuppression will play a critical role in improving treatment outcomes for glioblastoma patients. In vivo murine models of glioma provide an invaluable resource to achieving that end, and their use is an essential part of the preclinical workup for novel therapeutics that need to be tested in animal models prior to testing experimental therapies in patients. In this article, we review five contemporary immunocompetent mouse models, GL261 (C57BL/6), GL26 (C57BL/6) CT-2A (C57BL/6), SMA-560 (VM/Dk), and 4C8 (B6D2F1), each of which offer a suitable platform for testing novel immunotherapeutic approaches

Inter-individual variation in postprandial glycaemic responses in women co-ingesting green leafy vegetables with a carbohydrate meal : interactions with the sirtuin system

The authors acknowledge the support of the Scottish Government Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services (RESAS) Strategic Research Programme. Clinical biochemistry lab at the Foresterhill hospital for analysing sex hormone samples, Human Nutrition Unit staff and analytical staff and the Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen and Alex Stewart for providing the compositional information for the meal interventions used. Finally, we would like to thank the volunteers participating in VegGI study. Open access via Wiley agreementPeer reviewedPublisher PD

A Novel Technique For The Quantitative Determination Of Wettability Of A Severely Heterogeneous Tight Carbonate Reservoir

The objective of this study is to accurately measure the wettability contact angle of a cretaceous carbonate reservoir in a vertical well set-up known for as an unconventional tight carbonate oil reservoir. Also, to investigate the relative heterogeneity of these samples using digitally captured images; these images accurately capture natural pore-system in this carbonate rock samples and their wettability performance attributed towards building a vertical depth wettability/heterogeneity model. To capture, measure and model natural tight matrix static contact angle wettability in order to understand their new physics that will advance unconventional tight oil reservoir characterization. Entire vertical well depth reservoir core rock samples, in the form of rock fragments, are selected, then imaged, and then characterized for porosity, permeability, tortuosity/heterogeneity, and pore/grain-wettability contact angle in 2D format utilizing SEM-BSE imaging techniques. The generated big data images will be quantified using pre-defined logic for tortuosity/heterogeneity and wettability contact angle measurement. Each rock sample will process several images captured at X40 (mm), X400 (μm), and X4000 (nm) magnifications and will investigate wettability/heterogeneity relationships for unconventional tight pore system from the entire vertical depth. From measured data and computed logics, the major portions of captured rock investigated show water wet tendency. The wettability distribution in the vertical 250 feet shows strong to medium and even weak water-wet system variation (θ = 10° - θ = 90°). The dominant wettability is medium-water-wet (θ = 30° - θ = 60°), and it is found in the middle section of the vertical column. Medium-water-wet indicates a good candidate for secondary recovery water injection development programs. This study includes tortuosity/heterogeneity quantifications from imaging 2D technology which is valuable in understanding vertical/horizontal fluid movements. The authors feel that this study will narrow the gap in understanding contact angle wettability, heterogeneity characterizations from static conditions viewpoint and hence, the reservoir crude oil recovery vertical profile history from vertical rock samples