A dynamic model in the labor market : reasons of imbalances at the transition stage of the economy

The aim of this work is the formalization of the model of coordination of interests of employers and owners of human capital in the labor market in high-tech industries of the national economy in the conditions of transformation of the national economy. Research conducted by the authors proved that the structure of costs of reproduction of human capital and the requirements for human potential have their own distinct features that should be considered in the specification of the economic model of value creation of human capital in these sectors. Authors propose an improved method of balancing interaction of economic interests of subjects of the labor market: employee and employer. The model reveals the mechanism of formation of the equilibrium value of human capital based on the cost approach and the income approach in modeling supply and demand in the labor market in high-tech industries. The model allows to estimate a quasi-equilibrium state of the labor market in high-tech industries with emerging trends in this market in the country as a whole. The study provides valuable analytical information required to implement science-based economic decisions in the management of human resources and their transformation into human capital, which in turn will improve the efficiency of realization of innovation potential of the company as the subject of the high-tech industry of national economy. At the level of state governance model allows to monitor the mismatches in the labor market that allows to develop actions to minimize their negative impacts on the national economy.peer-reviewe

Выход на российский рынок труда выпускников профессиональных и высших учебных заведений (по материалам выборочных обследований)

This article is based on the materials of the analytical report «Analysis of the results obtained on the basis of data from a sample observation of the employment of graduates in 2016–2020 who received secondary vocational and higher education».The introductory part explains the relevance of improving statistical tools for studying the economic activity of young people at the present stage of the socio-economic development of Russia.The body of the article introduces a brief description of the main methodological provisions of the observation, and also covers main differences between the second round of observation (VTR-2021) and the first round (VTR-2016). The paper presents results of the economic and statistical analysis of the employment of graduates according to the data of VTR-2021. As part of the analysis of educational migration, the article reveals the orientation of graduates to educational institutions within the borders of the subject of the Russian Federation they reside in, as well as the relationship between the level of education of graduates and the intensity of their mobility. The distance education «withers away» and the part-time education starts to play a special role as it allows one to combine study with work. There is an increase in the proportion of those who prefer to combine work and study. The authors highlight two main reasons for combining work and study: 1) the desire to have a personal income; 2) the desire to gain work experience in the future specialty. Based on the structural analysis, the conclusion is made about the dominance of various motives depending on the level of education.It is shown that the main difficulties the graduates face when finding employment are the lack or insufficiency of work experience, low wages, as well as the lack or absence of suitable vacancies. It is noted that the acquired knowledge of employed graduates meets the requirements of employers and is sufficient to perform basic duties. The results of the assessment of retraining (overtraining) in the first year of work are reviewed.Статья подготовлена на основе материалов аналитического отчета «Анализ итогов, полученных на основе данных выборочного наблюдения трудоустройства выпускников 2016–2020 годов выпуска, получивших среднее профессиональное и высшее образование».Во вводной части аргументируется актуальность совершенствования статистического инструментария для исследования экономической активности молодежи на современном этапе социально-экономического развития России.В основном разделе публикации представлена краткая характеристика методологических положений проведения наблюдения, а также отражены отличия второго раунда (проведенного в 2021 г.) наблюдения трудоустройства выпускников, получивших среднее профессиональное и высшее образование в 2016–2020 гг. (ВТР-2021) от первого раунда (ВТР-2016). Приведены результаты экономико-статистического анализа трудоустройства выпускников по данным ВТР-2021. В рамках анализа образовательной миграции выявлена ориентированность выпускников на учебные заведения в границах своего субъекта Российской Федерации, а также зависимость между уровнем образования выпускников и интенсивностью их мобильности. Отмечено «отмирание» заочной формы обучения и формирование особой роли очно-заочной формы обучения, которая позволяет совмещать учебу с работой. Выявлен рост доли той группы молодежи, которая предпочитает совмещать работу и учебу. При этом выделены два основных мотива совмещения работы и учебы: 1) желание иметь личный доход; 2) желание получить опыт работы по будущей специальности. На основе структурного анализа сделан вывод о различии мотивов в зависимости от уровня образования.Показано, что основные трудности при трудоустройстве выпускников – отсутствие или недостаточность опыта работы, низкий уровень заработной платы, а также недостаток или отсутствие подходящих вакансий. Отмечено, что полученные знания трудоустроенных выпускников в целом соответствуют требованиям работодателей и достаточны для выполнения основных обязанностей. Рассмотрены результаты оценки эффективности дообучения (переобучения) в первый год работы

The Institutional Foundations of the Digital Economy in the 21st Century/ Elena G. Popkova, Artem Krivtsov, Aleksei V. Bogoviz.

In English.The development of the Digital Economy has been a landmark breakthrough for economic systems in the 21st century, as it opens up opportunities for the full-scale implementation of new digital technologies and the optimization of economic activities. While the conceptual essence and specific features of the digital economy are described in detail in the existing literature, the practical foundations of its formation are poorly studied. In this book, the digital economy is studied from the perspective of neo-institutional economic theory. This allows for the tracking of the process of formation (institutionalization) of the digital economy, determining the basic institutions that are necessary for its formation and that exist in modern economic practice, and analyzing scenarios for the future development of the digital economy in the 21st century.Frontmatter -- Contents -- Digital Economy in the 21 Century: An Introduction to the Institutional Approach -- Part I: The Scientific Concept of the Digital Economy in the 21st Century -- 1 Digital Economy as a Modern Type of Economic System -- 2 “Digitalization”- Overcoming Institutional Barriers -- 3 Development of the Information Technologies Sector in Latvia under Globalization -- 4 The Principles of Functioning and Priorities of Development of the Digital Economy -- 5 Classification of Breakthrough Digital Technologies and the Perspectives of Their Application in Economy -- Part II: The Process of Digital Economy Institutionalization in the 21st Century -- 6 The Essence and Logic of the Process of Sectorial Markets' Digital Transformation -- 7 The Current Tendencies of Economy Digitalization in Developed and Developing Countries -- 8 The Main Stages of the Digital Modernization of Economy -- 9 Implementation of Cluster Initiatives in the Digital Sphere as a Tool of Digital Entrepreneurship's Institutionalization -- 10 Institutions of Support for Digital Entrepreneurship: Special Economic Zones, Innovative Networks and Technological Parks -- Part III: Meso-Level Institutions of the Digital Economy in the 21st Century -- 11 Digitalization of Regional Economy: Problems and Perspectives -- 12 The Institutional Model of the Digital Economy Creation in a Modern Region -- 13 Managing a Modern Region Based on Digital Technologies -- Part IV: Macro-Level Institutions of the Digital Economy in the 21st Century -- 14 State Institutional Regulation of Economy Digital Modernization -- 15 The Role of Financial Institutions in Supporting the Digital Economy -- 16 Digital Economy of the 21st Century: A View from the Positions of Developed and Developing Countries -- Part V: The Global Institutions of the Digital Economy in the 21st Century -- 17 International Trade in the Digital Sphere: Barriers and Prospects for Development -- 18 The Existing and Perspective International Institutions for Supporting Digital Transformation of Economy -- 19 The Scientific and Methodological Approach to Provision and Evaluation of the Digital Economy's Global Competitiveness -- 20 The Strategy of Optimal Development of the Digital Economy: A View from the Positions of Game Theory -- 21 The Institutional Model of Well-Balanced and Sustainable Digital Economy -- 22 The Institutional Mechanism of Managing the Digital Economy's Development -- Part VI: Case Studies of Institutions of the Digital Economy in the 21st Century -- 23 Problems and Prospects of Economic Cooperation Between Russia and Mexico -- 24 Innovative Critical Success Factors for Public - Private Partnerships (PPP) in Infrastructure Projects of Developing Countries. A Case of Zambia -- 25 Prediction Mechanism of the Territorial Socio-Economic Processes in Formation of the Information Systems -- 26 Specific Economic Security Regulations in the Context of Pathological Crises of Digital Transformation of Agricultural Organizations -- Conclusion: Institutional Perspectives of the Digital Economy's Development in the 21st Century -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Index.1 online resource (XI, 258 p.)