Distance learning: from an online lesson to a digital preparatory faculty

The purpose of the article is to identify the possibilities of distance teaching of Russian as a foreign language and the prospects for the development of online courses within the digital preparatory facult

Body Height of Children with Bronchial Asthma of Various Severities

© 2017 Tatiana I. Eliseeva et al. Influence of bronchial asthma (BA) severity on physical development in children patients was evaluated in comparison with healthy population. Materials and Methods. 1042 children and adolescents (768 boys) with atopic BA were evaluated. All children underwent standard examination in a clinical setting, including anthropometry. The control group included 875 healthy children of a comparable age (423 boys). Results. The fraction of patients with the normal, lower, and increased height among the whole group of patients with BA is close to the corresponding values in the healthy population (χ 2 =3.32, p=0.65). The fraction of BA patients with the reduced physical development is increased monotonically and significantly when the BA severity increases: healthy group, 8.2% (72/875), BA intermittent, 4.2% (6/144), BA mild persistent 9% (47/520), BA moderate persistent, 11.7% (36/308), and BA severe persistent, 24.3% (17/70) (χ 2 =45.6, p=0,0009). Conclusion. The fraction of the children with the reduced height is increased monotonically and significantly in the groups of increasing BA severities. At the same time, the fraction of such children in groups of intermittent and mild persistent BA practically does not differ from the conditionally healthy peers

Intraspecific Differentiation of <i>Francisella tularensis</i> Strains Using Multilocus Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

The aim of the study was to develop a method for intraspecific differentiation of the tularemia microbe: subspecies tularensis (subpopulations AI and AII), holarctica (biovars japonica, EryS/R), mediasiatica, and novicida using multilocus real-time PCR. Materials and methods. We used 48 strains of F. tularensis of various subspecies, biovars, and subpopulations. Intraspecific appurtenance of the strains was carried out on the basis of the analysis of the RD-1 region variability applying PCR, the sdhA gene by Sanger fragment sequencing and by the disk diffusion method using disks with erythromycin. The selection of primers and probes was performed using the software available at www.genscript.com and GeneRunner 6.5.52. Sequence homology was assessed using the BLAST algorithm and the GenBank NCBI database. Results and discussion. New data on the structure and occurrence of the differentiation regions RD-8, RD-12, RD-28 of FTT1122c gene and its homologous sequences in strains of tularemia microbe of various subspecies have been obtained. Novel RDhm 346 bp in size, characteristic of strains of the subsp. mediasiatica, holarctica, which is deleted in subsp. tularensis and absent in subsp. novicida has been detected. Based on the detection of the FTT1670, FTT1122с, FTT1067, FTW_2084 loci, a multilocus real-time PCR has been developed – “F. tularensis 4c”, providing for identification of all subspecies of the tularemia microbe, separately for the biovar japonica of the Holarctic subspecies and subpopulations AI, AII of the subspecies tularensis. The PCR specificity was confirmed in the study of strains of tularemia microbe from the fund of the “State Collection of Pathogenic Bacteria” at the premises of the Russian Reserarch Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”. The results obtained expand the concept of intraspecific genetic heterogeneity of tularemia microbe and possibilities of identifying the causative agent of tularemia using molecular-genetic methods. They are important for understanding the processes of adaptation of the pathogen to circulation in the host organism and environmental objects, the course of evolution and formation of new species of Francisella

Possibilities of using branched-chain amino acids for the treatment and prevention of sarcopenia in elderly and old patients (literature review)

Due to the high prevalence of sarcopenia among elderly and old patients, early prevention and treatment of sarcopenia and its complications are relevant. Protein supplements can be used to maintain muscle strength and mass during aging. The possibility of using branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in the treatment and prevention of sarcopenia in geriatric patients is of scientific interest. BCAAs promote the synthesis and inhibit the degradation of muscle tissue proteins, are involved in the regulation of tissue sensitivity to insulin, ammonia utilization, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, etc.Search strategy. The search for scientific articles for literature review was carried out in the PubMed and PubMed Central databases. The selection criterion was scientific articles published up to December 2022. We used the following search keywords: “branched-chain amino acids”, “BCAA”, “body composition”, “sarcopenia”, “aging”. The 2019 European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) Consensus was included in the list of articles.Conclusions. The possibility of using BCAAs in elderly and old patients for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia is a relevant topic that continues to be actively studied. The effectiveness of BCAA supplementation in the diet is debatable as long as sufficient protein is consumed daily. On the other hand, BCAA supplementation may be justified in cases where it is not possible to consume enough high-quality protein in the diet. More research is needed on this topic

Screening of People with High Blood Pressure in Moscow Region

Aim. To perform an arterial hypertension (HT) screening for assessing the awareness of Moscow Region citizens about high blood pressure (BP) and draw their attention to this important risk factor.Material and methods. The screening was performed as a part of Standardized International Screening Study "May Measurement Month 2018” in five towns of Moscow Region: Domodedovo, Balashikha, Mytishchi, Solnechnogorsk, Klin. 510 participants (324 females, 186 males) were involved, aged from 18 to 86 years (median age 42 [28;57] years). People over 1 8 years were asked to measure BP levels and fill out a questionnaire: age, gender, height and weight, previous BP measurement date, bad habit (tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption), cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes history, previous high BP levels and antihypertensive drugs taking. Elevated BP was considered systolic BP (SBP) ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP (DBP) ≥90 mm Hg. Mechanical and automatic tonometers were used.Results. Increased BP was registered in 24% of participants. High BP levels were more common among men of working age and women older than working age. Increased BP was registered for the first time in 7% of the participants, and half of the participants who had previously taken antihypertensive therapy had increased BP levels. The highest prevalence of elevated BP levels was detected in obese men (55%).Conclusion. Regular preventive medical examinations have the task of health keeping and timely disease prevention. The continuity in the medical care may reduce the incidence of socially significant diseases

Development of a Method for Determination of brucella suis Biovars Using Multilocus Real-time PCR

The aim of the study was to develop a methodological approach to determination of Brucella suis biovars through multilocus PCR with real-time registration of results.Materials and methods. We used 16 strains of B. suis of various biovars, B. neotomae and B. canis – 2 strains of each. Determination of the taxonomic affiliation of Brucella strains was carried out according to the Bruce-ladder, Suis-ladder, BRU-DIF protocols. The selection of primers and probes was performed using the software on the website www.genscript.com and the GeneRanner 6.5.52 program. Fragment sequencing according to Sanger was performed on a 3500 XL genetic analyzer in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. Nucleotide sequence homology was assessed using the BLAST algorithm and the GenBank NCBI database.Results and discussion. An analysis of the structural organization of IncP and GI-3 genomic islands has been carried out in B. suis strains of various biovars. It has been established that in strains of B. suis II, IV biovars and B. canis, the terminal part of the BRA0368 gene, comprising 21 nucleotides (repeated in the BRA0367 gene) and the “TAA” stop codon, as well as almost the entire sequence of the BRA0367 gene were lost, owing to homologous recombination in the IncP genome island. A 21-nucleotide direct repeat and the “TGA” stop codon of the BRA0367 gene replaced the analogous region of the BRA0368 gene which resulted in the deletion the size of 185 bp. No differences have been noted in the structure of GI-3 in biovars. The evidence obtained made it possible to develop the approach (SuisDIF) for differentiating B. suis biovars, based on the amplification of genes located in the IncP and GI-3 genomic islands using real-time PCR. Its specificity was confirmed in the study of B. suis strains from the fund of the State Collection of Pathogenic Bacteria of the Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”. The conducted studies expand and supplement the data on the genetic heterogeneity of Brucella species and biovars. The proposed method for differentiating biovars of B. suis using multilocus PCR with real-time registration of results enhances the capacities for Brucella identification using molecular-genetic methods

Integrative technology fitness training of formation of readiness of students of the university to implement the complex «TRP»

The modern process of physical education students of the University requires a certain correction, the content of discipline «Physical culture» due to the fact that the state is required physically strong and professional experts. In this regard, the state projects into the educational process of high school students in physical education standards «TRP» on the basis of which you can quickly and efficiently adjust the physical preparedness of student young people. The use of fitness technology will help motivate students of the University to implement the rules of the TRP. In this channel you can see our workСовременный процесс физического воспитания студенток вуза требует определенной коррекции содержания дисциплины «Физической культуры» это связано с тем, что для государства необходимы физически крепкие и профессиональные специалисты. В связи с этим государство проектирует в образовательный процесс студентов вуза по физическому воспитанию нормы «ГТО», на основе которых можно оперативно и продуктивно корректировать физическую подготовленность студенческой молодежи. Применение современных фитнес технологий позволит мотивировать студенток вуза на выполнение норм комплекса ГТО. В данном русле представлена наша работ

Анализ потребности пациентов с увеальной меланомой в индивидуальном прогнозировании риска метастазирования

Molecular-genetic study of uveal melanoma (UM) is crucial in predicting the risk of metastasis of this tumor. Such analysis is also possible during organ-sparing treatment based on fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), however, not all patients may consider this study appropriate and/or accessible.The goal of this study was to analyze the needs of patients with UM for individual metastasis risk prognosis.This retrospective cohort study was conducted using a questionnaire in 94 patients with UM (mean age 60 ± 13 years; 69 % women and 31 % men). Despite the rather high proportion of interested patients (77 %), only half (51 %) of them ultimately agreed to undergo a ”prognostic” FNAB, which was primarily due to the high cost of this study (it was the main reason for refusal in 76 % of cases). Patients were mainly motivated to know their risk by: a sense of control of the situation and the possibility of taking preventive measures (78 %), future planning for themselves and/or their loved ones (47 %), the possibility of participating in metastatic UM treatment programs (35 %), receiving the maximum amount of information about the disease (28 %). Patients without such intention cited a fear of revealing a high risk of metastases and an impossibility of psychological stabilization based on results of this test.Predicting the risk of metastasis is an important component of an integrated approach to the management of patients with uveal melanoma, including organ-sparing treatment. State funding of this study will increase the satisfaction of psychological needs in this category of cancer patients and improve understanding of the metastasis of uveal melanoma.Молекулярно-генетическое исследование увеальной меланомы (УМ) имеет решающее значение в прогнозировании риска метастазирования этой опухоли. Такой анализ возможен в том числе при проведении органосохраняющего лечения на материале тонкоигольной аспирационной биопсии (ТИАБ), однако не все пациенты могут считать данное исследование целесообразным и/или доступным.Цель: проведение анализа потребности пациентов с УМ в индивидуальном прогнозировании риска развития метастазов.Данное ретроспективное когортное исследование проводилось методом анкетирования 94 пациентов с УМ (средний возраст 60 ± 13 лет; 69 % женщин и 31 % мужчин).Несмотря на достаточно высокое число желающих (77 %), только половина (51 %) пациентов в конечном счете были согласны на проведение «прогностической» ТИАБ, что в первую очередь обусловлено высокой стоимостью данного исследования (в 76 % являлось основной причиной отказа). Среди основных мотивов желания знать риск отмечались следующие: ощущение контроля ситуации и возможность проведения профилактических мер (78 %), планирование дальнейшей жизни для себя и/или близких (47 %), возможность участия в программах лечения метастатической формы УМ (35 %), получение максимального количества информации о заболевании (28 %). Мотивы для отсутствия такого намерения связаны со страхом перед выявлением высокого риска развития метастазов и невозможностью стабилизации психологического состояния по результатам тестирования.Прогнозирование риска метастазирования опухоли является важной составляющей комплексного подхода в ведении пациентов с увеальной меланомой, в том числе при проведении органосохраняющего лечения. Возможность проведения данного исследования на бюджетной основе позволит повысить уровень удовлетворенности психологических потребностей у данной категории онкологических пациентов и улучшить понимание метастатических процессов увеальной меланомы