ACA CO(J = 2–1) Mapping of the Nearest Spiral Galaxy M33. I. Initial Results and Identification of Molecular Clouds

We thank the anonymous referee for their helpful comments, which significantly improved the manuscript. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: [ADS/JAO.ALMA#2017.1.00461.S], [ADS/JAO.ALMA#2018.A.00058.S], [ADS/JAO.ALMA#2017.1.00901.S], and [ADS/JAO.ALMA#2019.1.01182.S]. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), MOST and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO, and NAOJ. This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. Data analysis was in part carried out on the Multi-wavelength Data Analysis System operated by the Astronomy Data Center (ADC), National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. K.M. was supported by the ALMA Japan Research Grant of NAOJ ALMA Project, NAOJ-ALMA-289. This work was supported by NAOJ ALMA Scientific Research grant Nos. 2022-22B and JSPS KAKENHI (grant Nos. JP18H05440, JP19H05075, JP21H00049, JP21H01136, and JP21K13962).We present the results of ALMA-ACA 7 m array observations in (CO)-C-12(J = 2-1), (CO)-C-13(J = 2-1), and (CO)-O-18(J = 2-1) line emission toward the molecular-gas disk in the Local Group spiral galaxy M33 at an angular resolution of 7.& DPRIME;31 x 6.& DPRIME;50 (30 x 26 pc). We combined the ACA 7 m array (CO)-C-12(J = 2-1) data with the IRAM 30 m data to compensate for emission from diffuse molecular-gas components. The ACA+IRAM combined (CO)-C-12(J = 2-1) map clearly depicts the cloud-scale molecular-gas structure over the M33 disk. Based on the ACA+IRAM (CO)-C-12(J = 2-1) cube data, we cataloged 848 molecular clouds with a mass range from 10(3)-10(6) M (& ODOT;). We found that high-mass clouds (& GE;10(5) M (& ODOT;)) tend to associate with the 8 & mu;m bright sources in the spiral arm region, while low-mass clouds (M (& ODOT;)) tend to be apart from such 8 & mu;m bright sources and to exist in the inter-arm region. We compared the cataloged clouds with GMCs observed by the IRAM 30 m telescope at 49 pc resolution (IRAM GMC), and found that a small IRAM GMC is likely to be identified as a single molecular cloud even in ACA+IRAM CO data, while a large IRAM GMC can be resolved into multiple ACA+IRAM clouds. The velocity dispersion of a large IRAM GMC is mainly dominated by the line-of-sight velocity difference between small clouds inside the GMC rather than the internal cloud velocity broadening.ALMA: NAOJ-ALMA-289ALMA Japan Research Grant of NAOJ ALMA Project NAOJ-ALMA-289NAOJ ALMA Scientific Research 2022-22BMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) JP18H05440, JP19H05075, JP21H00049, JP21H01136, JP21K1396

A Comparison of the Gingival Health of Children with Down Syndrome to Healthy Children Residing in an Institution

The purpose of this study was to compare the onset and severity of gingivitis in children with Down syndrome, when compared to a healthy control group of children. The subjects included 41 children with Down syndrome ages two to 14 years (mean age: 7.6 years) and 112 age-matched healthy controls. We assessed the gingival health of all subjects using the gingival inflammation (M-PMA) index and periodontal probing depth (PD). Children were divided into three age categories: <5 years (AD, 5 to <10 years (AID, and 10 to <17 years (AIII). Supragingival plaque was measured using the Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) and the subjects were screened with the BANA test (Perioscan-Oral-B). Measurement of the M-PMA index in the healthy children showed an age-related increase (F = 10.369. p<0.001), and the M-PMA index at the younger age group <5 year (AD was significantly lower than that for the other two age groups AII or AIII (p<0.005, p<0.001). In contrast, the M-PMA index values at AI and AIII in the subjects with Down syndrome were significantly higher than those for healthy children (p<0.001, p<0.001). Both groups had an age-related increase in PD (F=3.388, p<0.05 & F= 10.806, p<0.001). and PD at AIII was significantly higher than that at AI in both groups (p<0.01, p<0.001). The children with Down syndrome showed an age-related increase in the BANA test score (F=3.452, p<0.05), and the BANA test score at AIII was significantly higher than that at AI (p<0.02). The BANA test score in the healthy children was not age-related but was significantly higher than that in the children with Down syndrome (p<0.02, p<0.05).Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72264/1/j.1754-4505.2006.tb01504.x.pd

CO(J=1-0) Mapping Survey of 64 Galaxies in the Fornax Cluster with the ALMA Morita Array

We conduct a 12C16O(J = 1−0) (hereafter CO) mapping survey of 64 galaxies in the Fornax cluster using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Morita array in cycle 5. CO emission is detected from 23 out of the 64 galaxies. Our sample includes dwarf, spiral, and elliptical galaxies with stellar masses of Mstar ∼ 106.3−11.6 Me. The achieved beam size and sensitivity are 15″ × 8″ and ∼12 mJy beam−1 at the velocity resolution of ∼10 km s−1, respectively. We study the cold gas (molecular and atomic gas) properties of 38 subsamples with Mstar > 109 Me combined with literature H I data. We find that (1) the low star formation (SF) activity in the Fornax galaxies is caused by the decrease in the cold gas mass fraction with respect to stellar mass (hereafter, gas fraction) rather than the decrease of the SF efficiency from the cold gas; (2) the atomic gas fraction is more heavily reduced than the molecular gas fraction of such galaxies with low SF activity. A comparison between the cold gas properties of the Fornax galaxies and their environmental properties suggests that the atomic gas is stripped tidally and by the ram pressure, which leads to the molecular gas depletion with an aid of the strangulation and consequently SF quenching. Preprocesses in the group environment would also play a role in reducing cold gas reservoirs in some Fornax galaxies.Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceGrants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) 16H02158 JP17K14259 18H03717 19K03937 19J40004 19H01931 19H05076 20H05861 21H01128 21H04496Sumitomo Foundation 180923Collaboration Funding of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics "New Development of the Studies on Galaxy Evolution with a Method of Data Science"Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain (MICINN) Spanish Government BG20/00224 MCIN/AEI PID2020-114414GB-100 PID2020-113689GB-I00Junta de Andalucia P20_00334FEDER/Junta de Andalucia-Consejeria de Transformacion Economica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades A-FQM-510-UGR20European Research Council (ERC) 679627 882793Australian Research Council CE170100013Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute - Korean government (MSIT) 2022-1- 840-05National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA

Multi-physics Extension of OpenFMO Framework

OpenFMO framework, an open-source software (OSS) platform for Fragment Molecular Orbital (FMO) method, is extended to multi-physics simulations (MPS). After reviewing the several FMO implementations on distributed computer environments, the subsequent development planning corresponding to MPS is presented. It is discussed which should be selected as a scientific software, lightweight and reconfigurable form or large and self-contained form.Comment: 4 pages with 11 figure files, to appear in the Proceedings of ICCMSE 200

Drop on a Bent Fibre

Inspired by the huge droplets attached on cypress tree leaf tips after rain, we find that a bent fibre can hold significantly more water in the corner than a horizontally placed fibre (typically up to three times or more). The maximum volume of the liquid that can be trapped is remarkably affected by the bending angle of the fibre and surface tension of the liquid. We experimentally find the optimal included angle ($\sim {36}{^\circ}$) that holds the most water. Analytical and semi-empirical models are developed to explain these counter-intuitive experimental observations and predict the optimal angle. The data and models could be useful for designing microfluidic and fog harvesting devices

Multiple fragmented habitat-patch use in an urban breeding passerine, the Short-toed Treecreeper

Individual responses of wild birds to fragmented habitat have rarely been studied, despite large-scale habitat fragmentation and biodiversity loss resulting from widespread urbanisation. We investigated the spatial ecology of the Short-toed Treecreeper Certhia brachydactyla, a tiny, resident, woodland passerine that has recently colonised city parks at the northern extent of its range. High resolution spatiotemporal movements of this obligate tree-living species were determined using radio telemetry within the urbanized matrix of city parks in Copenhagen, Denmark. We identified regular edge crossing behaviour, novel in woodland birds. While low numbers of individuals precluded a comprehensive characterisation of home range for this population, we were able to describe a consistent behaviour which has consequences for our understanding of animal movement in urban ecosystems. We report that treecreepers move freely, and apparently do so regularly, between isolated habitat patches. This behaviour is a possible driver of the range expansion in this species and may contribute to rapid dispersal capabilities in certain avian species, including Short-toed Treecreepers, into northern Europe. Alternatively, these behaviours might be common and/or provide an adaptive advantage for birds utilising matrix habitats, for example within urban ecosystems

\u3csup\u3e68\u3c/sup\u3e Ga-Labeled Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Ligand Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Context: Gallium prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligand Ga-HBED-CC-PSMA ( Ga-PSMA) is a promising radiotracer for positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) of prostate cancer. Objective: To conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate detection rate, diagnostic test accuracy, and adverse effects of Ga-PSMA PET/CT or PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for staging of prostate cancer and for restaging of rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) after initial treatment. Evidence acquisition: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, our systematic review searched for articles in PubMed and EMBASE databases from 2012 to July 2016. The reference standard was pathology after biopsy or surgery. The analyses used a random effect model and a hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic model. Evidence synthesis: Fifteen Ga-PSMA PET/CT studies with 1256 patients met the inclusion criteria. Seven studies of staging PET/CT or PET/MRI detected a regional site of cancer for 203 of 273 patients (74%). Nine studies of restaging PET/CT detected sites of recurrence in 799 of 983 patients (81%) with a 50% detection rate (74 of 147 patients) for restaging PSA of 0.2–0.49 ng/ml and a 53% detection rate (56 of 195 patients) for restaging PSA of 0.50–0.99 ng/ml. Staging Ga-PSMA PET/CT in the studies had higher detection rates of sites in the prostate bed than restaging Ga-PSMA PET/CT (mean 57% vs 14%, p = 0.031, t test). Both staging and restaging Ga-PSMA PET/CT found that a subgroup of the patients had metastatic sites in pelvic lymph nodes or distant organs. Eight studies of staging PET/CT undertook histologic correlations. We performed prostate-segment-based analysis specifically regarding the primary cancer lesion for four of these studies, and patient-based analysis specifically regarding pelvic lymph node metastases for four other studies. The pooled sensitivities for staging in the two groups of studies were 70% and 61%, and the pooled specificities were 84% and 97%. None of the studies reported complications from the PET/CT imaging. Conclusions: Ga-PSMA PET/CT has clinical relevance to detect sites of recurrence for patients with PSA recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP) with PSA levels less than 1.0 ng/ml. Patient summary: Choline positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) can detect sites of recurrent prostate cancer in an earlier phase of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence than bone scans and CT scans, but choline PET/CT is rarely positive for patients with restaging PSA levels under 1 ng/ml. A new radiotracer called Ga-PSMA for PET/CT was able to detect sites of recurring cancer in up to 50% of patients who had an early rise in PSA exceeding 0.5 ng/ml after initial radical prostatectomy. The published studies did not report adverse effects of Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging. The rate of detection of sites in the prostate bed was significantly higher for staging than for restaging positron emission tomography (PET) using a Ga-labeled prostate-specific membrane (PSMA) antigen ligand. Overall, the detection rate did not differ significantly between staging and restaging. The detection rate for restaging Ga-PSMA PET/computed tomography (CT) was 50% for restaging prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of 0.2–0.48 ng/ml, 53% for restaging PSA of 0.50–0.99 ng/ml, and higher for higher restaging PSA levels. Patient-based and lesion-based analysis of staging Ga-PSMA PET/CT had sensitivity of 61–70% and specificity of 84–97%. The studies did not report any adverse effects due to imaging. 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 6

ALMA Observations toward the starburst dwarf galaxy NGC 5253: I. Molecular cloud properties and scaling relations

We present high-spatial-resolution (\sim 0\farcs2, or $\sim$3\,pc) CO(2--1) observations of the nearest young starburst dwarf galaxy, NGC\,5253, taken with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. We have identified 118 molecular clouds with average values of 4.3\,pc in radius and 2.2\,\kms\, in velocity dispersion, which comprise the molecular cloud complexes observed previously with $\sim$100\,pc resolution. We derive for the first time in this galaxy the $I{\rm (CO)}$--$N$(H$_2$) conversion factor, $X$ = $4.1^{+5.9}_{-2.4}\times10^{20}$\,cm$^{-2}$(K\,\kms)$^{-1}$, based on the virial method. The line-width and mass-to-size relations of the resolved molecular clouds present an offset on average toward higher line-widths and masses with respect to quiescent regions in other nearby spiral galaxies and our Galaxy. The offset in the scaling relation reaches its maximum in regions close to the central starburst, where velocity dispersions are $\sim$ 0.5 dex higher and gas mass surface densities are as high as $\Sigma_{\rm H_2}$ = 10$^3$\,\Msol\,pc $^{-2}$. These central clouds are gravitationally bound despite the high internal pressure. A spatial comparison with star clusters found in the literature enables us to identify six clouds that are associated with young star clusters. Furthermore, the star formation efficiencies (SFEs) of some of these clouds exceed those found in star-cluster-forming clouds within our Galaxy. We conclude that once a super star cluster is formed, the parent molecular clouds are rapidly dispersed by the destructive stellar feedback, which results in such a high SFE in the central starburst of NGC\,5253.Comment: 18 pages, 11 figures, accepted to Ap