Toxicity of neem oil to the cassava green mite Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar) (Acari: Tetranychidae)

O artigo não contém o resumo português.Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.)-derived pesticides have been used against a wide range of agricultural pests including tetranychid mites. Approaches combining lethal and sublethal toxicity studies of neem pesticides towards tetranychid mites are necessary to a comprehensive evaluation of such products. Here, we evaluated the lethal and sublethal toxicity of the neem oil Bioneem to the cassava green mite Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar) by integrating lethal concentration (LC) with population growth and biological parameter studies. According to Probit analyses the concentration of neem oil Bioneem which kills 50% of the population (LC50) of M. tanajoa was 3.28 μL cm^-2, which is roughly twice the field concentration recommended of this biopesticide to control pest mites (1.7 μL cm^-2). The growth rate of the cassava green mite steadily decreased with dosages of neem oil. Furthermore, sublethal concentrations of the neem oil corresponding to the LC50 reduced the periods of the immature stages of M. tanajoa resulting in a shorter developmental time. Similarly, the number of eggs per day and the number of eggs per female per day, a proxy for fecundity, were drastically reduced in M. tanajoa females exposed to the LC50 of neem oil. Based on our comprehensive approach we conclude that the neem oil showed lethal as well as sublethal toxicity on growth rate and biological parameters such as duration of immature stages and fecundity of the cassava green mite M. tanajoa and it could be used as an ecological alternative for the management of this pest

Germinação de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f.sp. cepae em diferentes temperaturas.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a germinação de esporos do C.gloeosporioides isolado de cebola em diferentes temperaturas

Germinação de sementes de cebola em diferentes temperaturas.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do aumento da temperatura sobre a germinação de sementes de cebola

Avaliação da aptidão agrícola das terras do município de Colares - Estado do Pará.

bitstream/item/61860/1/Oriental-Doc21.pdfAnexo mapa: Mapa da aptidão agrícola das terras do Município de Colares-PA

Levantamento de solos de alta intensidade e mapeamento da cobertura vegetal e uso da terra do município de Colares - Estado do Pará.

bitstream/item/61924/1/Oriental-Doc27.pdfAnexo mapa: Levantamento de solos de alta intensidade do Município de Colares-PA

Consumo de nutrientes por ovinos em terminação alimentados com dietas compostas por silagens com diferentes proporções de sorgo e girassol.

Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar o consumo de nutrientes em ovinos em terminação alimentados com dietas compostas por silagens com diferentes proporções de sorgo e girassol. Foram avaliados cinco níveis de participação do girassol nas silagens (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%) em misturas com sorgo. As dietas experimentais foram constituídas por 60% destas silagens e 40% de concentrado. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições. Foram avaliados os consumos de: matéria seca (CMS), matéria orgânica (CMO), proteína bruta (CPB), fibra em detergente neutro (CFDN), fibra em detergente ácido (CFDA), extrato etéreo (CEE), carboidratos totais (CCHOT) e carboidratos não fibrosos (CCNF) das dietas experimentais. Para os consumos de MS, MO, PB, CHOT e CNF foi observado efeito quadrático. Não houve diferença significativa para consumo de FDN e FDA. Para o consumo de EE houve um aumento de 0,001 pontos percentuais e 0,02 g/kg0,75, para cada 1% de adição de girassol. Recomenda-se a adição cerca de 35% de girassol na ensilagem de sorgo, pois este nível promoveu os melhores consumos de nutrientes. Contudo, as dietas contendo silagens com participação de até 90% de girassol supriram as exigências dos ovinos em crescimento avaliados. [Nutrient intake of feedlot lambs fed diets with silages consisted of different proportions of sorghum and sunflower]. Abstract: The study aimed to evaluate nutrient intake by feedlot lambs fed diets with silages consisted of different proportions of sorghum and sunflower. Five levels of sunflower participation in silage composition were tested (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) in mixtures with sorghum. The experimental diets consisted of 60% of roughage and 40% concentrate. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with five treatments and six replications. The research evaluated the intake of dry matter (DMI), organic matter (OMI), crude protein (CPI), neutral detergent fiber (NDFI), acid detergent fiber (ADFI), ether extract (EEI), total carbohydrates (TCHI) and non fibrous carbohydrates (NFCI) of the experimental diets. For DMI, OMI, CPI, TCHI and NFCI a quadratic effect was observed. There was no significant difference in consumption of NDF and ADF. The consumption of EE increased by 0.001 percentage points and 0.02 g/kg0.75, for each 1% addition of sunflower. It is recommended a substitution of about 35% of sunflower silage sorghum, because this level promoted the best intake of nutrients. However, diets containing silages with up to 90% of sunflower participation supplied the requirements of the evaluated growing lambs

Impacts of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on tropical forage grass in Brazil.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria effects on anatomical characteristics and nutritional value of Brachiaria (Syn. Urochloa) brizantha cv. BRS Piatã. The experimental design applied was completely randomized design with three treatments: (1) non-inoculated unfertilized-control plants (C-), (2) non-inoculated fertilized-control plants (C+) and (3) B. brizantha inoculated with Pseudomonas fluorescens (BRM-32111) and Burkholderia pyrrocinia (BRM-32113). The following parameters were evaluated at 35 days after seedling emergence: biomass production, plant height, net photosynthesis (A), water-use efficiency (WUE), chlorophyll (SPAD), anatomical and nutritional. The rhizobacteria modified the anatomy of the leaf, culm and roots of B. brizantha. They also increased the chlorophyll content, A, WUE, total soluble carbohydrates, starch and crude protein contents, N, P, Mg and Fe concentrations, plant height, root area and biomass production. Therefore, we conclude that co-inoculation with P. fluorescens (BRM-32111) and B. pyrrocinia (BRM-32113) modified the anatomy and biochemistry of B. brizantha, promoting growth and nutrient accumulation. Therefore, these findings set up the basis for additional exploratory studies, using these rhizobacteria as biotechnological innovation with potential of use as biofertilizer in B. brizantha, aiming higher productivity and nutritive value in a more eco-friendly and sustainable pasture production system

Rendimento de biomassa da palma Miúda irrigada sob doses de adubação orgânica e intensidades de corte.

Resumo: No semiárido nordestino existe um severo déficit na oferta de forragem e a palma forrageira apresenta-se como uma alternativa para melhorar o desempenho dos rebanhos. No entanto, em vários municípios do Rio Grande do Norte ocorrem murchas severas da palma. Assim, a utilização da irrigação com quantidade mínima de água tem sido uma opção para sua produção nessas regiões. A pesquisa objetivou avaliar o efeito da adubação orgânica e de diferentes intensidades de corte sobre a produção de matéria verde (PMV) e seca (PMS) da palma forrageira cv. Miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera) sob condições de irrigação com 12 meses de rebrota. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em parcelas subdivididas, onde as doses da adubação orgânica (20, 40 e 60 Mg ha-1 ano-1) constituíram às parcelas e as intensidades de corte (deixando somente o cladódio mãe, todos os primários e todos os secundários) as subparcelas, com seis repetições. O plantio foi feito no espaçamento 2,0 x 0,10 m (50.000 plantas ha-1). A água utilizada na irrigação foi classificada como C4S1T3. A lâmina aplicada foi de cinco litros (2,5 mm) por metro a cada sete dias ou 10 mm por mês. O sistema de irrigação foi o de gotejamento em fileiras simples. As intensidades de corte e adubação orgânica influenciaram a PMV e a PMS. A maior PMS (30,47 Mg ha-1ano-1) foi obtida quando todos os cladódios secundários foram preservados e com aplicação de 37,5 Mg ha-1ano-1de esterco bovino. [Biomass yield of irrigated Miúda spineless forage cactus under organic fertilization doses and different cutting intensities]. Abstract: In the Brazilian Northeast semi-arid region there is a severe deficit in the supply of fodder and forage and cactus pear is an important alternative to improve the performance of the herds. However, in several municipalities of Rio Grande do Norte State occur severe withered of these cacti. Thus, the use of irrigation with a minimum amount of water has been an option for production in these regions. The research aimed to evaluate the effect of organic fertilizer (bovine manure) and different cutting intensities on the production of fresh (PFM) and dry matter (PDM)) of spineless cactus pear cv. Miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera) under irrigation with 12 months of regrowth. A completely randomized design with a split plot was applied, where organic fertilizers doses (20, 40 and 60 Mg ha-1 yr-1) were the main plots and cutting intensities (leaving only the mother cladode, all primary and all secondary cladodes), the subplots, with six replicates. The planting was done in 2.0 x 0.10 m spacing (50,000 plants ha-1). The water used for irrigation was classified as C4S1T3. The lamina applied was 2.5 mm every seven days or 10 mm month-1. The irrigation system was dripping in single rows. The cutting intensities and organic fertilization influenced the PFM and PDM. The highest PDM (30.47 Mg ha-1 yr-1) was obtained when all secondary cladodes were preserved with an application of 37.5 Mg ha-1 yr-1 of bovine manure