1,520 research outputs found
New Development in Greenhouse Technology can Mitigate the Water Shortage Problem of the 21st Century
The world's fresh accessible water situation is deteriorating at a dismal pace. Though the situation is already quite dramatic in Africa, the near future will bring us great problems in Asia as well, considering the pace at which the population is growing and the rise in water use per capita as the economy induces a raised demand. Agricultural consumption of fresh water is one of the main water uses world wide; however, it appears that protected cultivation of horticultural crops can alleviate the problem. Drip irrigation already reduces water use dramatically. However, novel high technological solutions in greenhouse production can lead the way to highly efficient water use production techniques. Adoption of more efficient water use techniques will contribute to sustainability, especially in highly populated urban areas. The novel Dutch technology of closed greenhouses could help develop water efficient production system
Effect of light intensity, plant density and flower bud removal on the flower size and number in cut chrysanthemum
Flower size and number of flowers per plant are important external quality aspects in cut chrysanthemum. The present work is conducted in a glasshouse and aims at investigating how these quality aspects can be predicted. To evaluate individual flower size, different levels of supplementary lighting (control and assimilation light), plant density (32, 48 and 64 plants m-2) and lateral flower bud removal (leaving 1 flower, 4 flowers and control) were applied. To analyse the effect of assimilate supply on number of flowers per plant, three light intensities (no shade control, 65␕ight, and 45␕ight) where combined with three plant densities (32, 64, and 80 plants m-2). Individual flower size was negatively influenced by competition for assimilates in the treatments with a fixed number of flowers per plant (1 or 4 flowers). In such treatments, plants grown under no supplementary assimilation light, higher plant density, or with higher number of flowers per plant resulted in significantly lower individual flower dry mass and area. However, when no lateral flower buds were removed (control), higher assimilate supply resulted in more flowers rather than in larger flowers. Number of flowers per plant (including flower buds) showed a positive linear increase with total dry mass per plant. The combination of 32 plants m-2 and no shade resulted in the highest number of flowers per plant (33 flowers) in contrast with 80 plants m-2 and 45␕ight intensity (only 9 flowers)
The biological shift factor. Biological age as a tool for modelling in pre- and postharvest horticulture
Individuals differ in development stage or biological age. This difference can be taken into account when modelling the quality behaviour of various fruits and vegetables. Even on a batch level, the same principle can be applied, provided the variation within a batch is not too large. By applying the biological shift factor, i.e. a shift in calendar time, the effects of different growing and harvesting condition can be included in modelling quality behaviour, which widely opens alleys for producing models applicable in the entire globalised food chain. The variation in biological shift factor over individuals in a batch and over several batches seems to exhibit a normal distribution pattern
Averages of b-hadron Properties at the End of 2005
This article reports world averages for measurements on b-hadron properties
obtained by the Heavy Flavor Averaging Group (HFAG) using the available results
as of at the end of 2005. In the averaging, the input parameters used in the
various analyses are adjusted (rescaled) to common values, and all known
correlations are taken into account. The averages include lifetimes, neutral
meson mixing parameters, parameters of semileptonic decays, branching fractions
of B meson decays to final states with open charm, charmonium and no charm, and
measurements related to CP asymmetries
Averages of -hadron, -hadron, and -lepton properties as of summer 2014
This article reports world averages of measurements of -hadron,
-hadron, and -lepton properties obtained by the Heavy Flavor Averaging
Group (HFAG) using results available through summer 2014. For the averaging,
common input parameters used in the various analyses are adjusted (rescaled) to
common values, and known correlations are taken into account. The averages
include branching fractions, lifetimes, neutral meson mixing parameters,
violation parameters, parameters of semileptonic decays and CKM matrix
elements.Comment: 436 pages, many figures and tables. Online updates available at
http://www.slac.stanford.edu/xorg/hfag
Averages of b-hadron properties at the end of 2006
This article reports the world averages for measurements on b-hadron properties obtained by the Heavy Flavor Averaging Group (HFAG) using the available results at the end of 2006. In the averaging, the input parameters used in the various analyses are adjusted (rescaled) to common values, and all known correlations are taken into account. The averages include lifetimes, neutral meson mixing parameters, parameters of semileptonic decays, branching fractions of B decays to final states with open charm, charmonium and no charm, and measurements related to CP asymmetries.This article reports the world averages for measurements on b-hadron properties obtained by the Heavy Flavor Averaging Group (HFAG) using the available results at the end of 2006. In the averaging, the input parameters used in the various analyses are adjusted (rescaled) to common values, and all known correlations are taken into account. The averages include lifetimes, neutral meson mixing parameters, parameters of semileptonic decays, branching fractions of B decays to final states with open charm, charmonium and no charm, and measurements related to CP asymmetries
The Swift Deep Galactic Plane Survey (DGPS) Phase-I Catalog
The \textit{Swift} Deep Galactic Plane Survey is a \textit{Swift} Key Project
consisting of 380 tiled pointings covering 40 deg of the Galactic Plane
between longitude \,\,\,\, deg and latitude
\,\, deg. Each pointing has a ks exposure, yielding a total of
1.9 Ms spread across the entire survey footprint. Phase-I observations were
carried out between March 2017 and May 2021. The Survey is complete to depth
\,\, erg s to the edge of the Galaxy. The main Survey
goal is to produce a rich sample of new X-ray sources and transients, while
also covering a broad discovery space. Here, we introduce the Survey strategy
and present a catalog of sources detected during Phase-I observations. In
total, we identify 928 X-ray sources, of which 348 are unique to our X-ray
catalog. We report on the characteristics of sources in our catalog and
highlight sources newly classified and published by the DGPS team.Comment: Submitted to ApJ
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