Evolution of cracks in selvedge of the coal bed during its stationary working

Purpose. To study rupturing of the coal/rock seam selvedge by natural gas-filled cracks as phenomena that prepare and initiate sudden outbursts of coal, rock, and gas during the steady movement of the face. Methods. The work is based on theoretical studies, including methods of thermodynamics, statistical physics, and asymptotic analysis. Findings. A generalized Griffith’s criterion for the material rupture by a crack is applied to the selvedge part of a gas-saturated coal/rock seam during its stationary unloading. Originality. The kinetic theory describing processes of gas-containing materials destruction is developed using the example of rupturing the selvedge part of a coal/rock seam by natural gas-filled cracks. Practical implications. The criterion for changing the control parameters (reservoir gas pressure, crack dimensions, rock pressure, surface coal/rock energy, elastic modulus) is found at which spontaneous failure of the seam becomes possible. This allows to discuss the possibility of predicting sudden outbursts of coal, rock and gas.Цель. Исследование процессов разрыва краевой части угольного/породного пласта природными газонаполненными трещинами как явлений, подготавливающих и инициирующих внезапные выбросы угля, породы и газа при стационарном подвигании забоя. Методика. Работа выполнена на основе теоретических исследований, включающих методы термодинамики, статистической физики, асимптотического анализа. Результаты. Получен обобщенный критерий Гриффитса разрыва материала трещиной применительно к краевой части газонасыщенного угольного/породного пласта при его стационарной разгрузке. Научная новизна. Развита кинетическая теория процессов разрушения газосодержащих материалов на примере разрыва краевой части угольного/породного пласта природными газонаполненными трещинами. Практическая значимость. Найден критерий изменения управляющих параметров (пластового давления газа, размеров трещин, горного давления, поверхностной энергии угля/породы, модуля упругости), при котором спонтанное разрушение пласта становится возможным. Это позволяет обсуждать возможность прогноза внезапных выбросов угля, породы и газа.Мета. Дослідження процесів розриву крайової частини вугільного/породного пласта природними газонаповненими тріщинами як явищ, що підготовлюють та ініціюють раптові викиди вугілля, породи й газу при стаціонарному посуванні вибою. Методика. Робота виконана на основі теоретичних досліджень, що включають методи термодинаміки, статистичної фізики, асимптотичного аналізу. Результати. Отримано узагальнений критерій Гріффітса розриву матеріалу тріщиною стосовно крайової частини газонасиченого вугільного/породного пласта при його стаціонарному розвантаженні. Наукова новизна. Розвинено кінетичну теорію процесів руйнування матеріалів, що містять газ, на прикладі розриву крайової частини вугільного/породного пласта природними газонаповненими тріщинами. Практична значимість. Знайдено критерій зміни керуючих параметрів (пластового тиску газу, розмірів тріщин, гірського тиску, поверхневої енергії вугілля/породи, модуля пружності), при якому спонтанне руйнування пласта стає можливим. Це дозволяє обговорювати можливість прогнозу раптових викидів вугілля, породи і газу.Работа выполнена в рамках научно-исследовательс-кой темы НАН Украины “Массо-, теплоперенос и физика предвыбросных явлений в газонасыщенном трещиновато-пористом слоистом углепородном массиве”

Биохимический отклик двух видов рыб сем. Gobiidae на зараженность метацеркариями Cryptocotyle spp. в устье р. Чёрная (Чёрное море, Севастополь)

Изучен биохимический отклик двух видов рыб семейства бычковые – бычка-травяникаZosterisessor ophiocephalus (Pallas, 1814) и бычка-рыжика Ponticola eurycephalus (Kessler, 1874) на зараженность метацеркариями Cryptocotyle spp. в устье р. Чёрная (Чёрное море, Севастополь). Обнаружены видовые отличия ответной реакции биохимических параметров на зараженность рыб паразитами. Установлено, что при высоком уровне зараженности в мышцах бычка-рыжика происходит интенсификация процессов перекисного окисления липидов и ослабление антиоксидантной защиты, тогда как в мышцах бычка-травяника наблюдается повышение антиоксидантной ферментной активности. Предполагается, что травяник более устойчив к зараженности метацеркариями Cryptocotyle spp. по сравнению с рыжиком

Epidemiological Situation on the Tick-Borne Viral Encephalitis in the Russian Federation in 2009-2011 and Prognosis for 2012

Analysis of the epidemiological situation on the tick-borne viral encephalitis in the territory of the Russian Federation with due consideration to weekly epidemiological monitoring data (2009-2011), conducted by Rospotrebnadzor organizations in the corresponding constituent entities, testifies of the fact that continuous decrease in morbidity, characteristic of the early XXI century, has given way to a slight increase within the past three years. Given that there are no spring or early-summer weather anomalies or forest fires, morbidity rates among the population of the Russian Federation in 2012 can tend to exceed 2011 rates. Comprehensive set of measures applied for the disease control and prevention in the majority of endemic territories is quite effective in view of averting sharp upturn of morbidity rates, but nevertheless is not sufficient in view of the suppression of epidemiological situation

MODERN METHODS OF LABORATORY RESEARCHES IN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF YERSINIOSES IN NOVOSIBIRSK REGION. QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEM

The results of yersinioses microbiological monitoring in Novosibirsk Region are presented and introduction of a quality management system in activities of a laboratory of especially dangerous infections is experienced

Difficulties in diagnosing atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome

The paper presents the case of clinical observation of a patient with atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome (aHUS). aHUS is a disease characterized by an unfavorable prognosis (severe or catastrophic course with rapid development of terminal renal or multi-organ failure). The aim of the study is to evaluate the approaches to differential diagnosis of aHUS in clinical practice.Material and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the Nephrology Department of Kemerovo Regional Clinical Hospital n.a. S.V Belyaev. The clinical observation of patient D., aged 26 years old, is discussed.Results and discussion. Diagnosing aHUS requires: 1) diagnosing thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA: thrombocytopenia or decrease in platelet count by more than 25 % of original, visceral damage (kidneys, CNS, gastrointestinal tract, heart, lungs)); 2) ruling out HUS associated with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC-HUS; negative for Shiga-toxin in blood and stool), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), systemic connective tissue disease, catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome, HIV infection; 3) assessing the activity of ADAMTS13 (decrease confirms the aHUS diagnosis); 4) proving normal content of complement components C3 and C4 as an additional argument in favor of aHUS diagnosis. At the first stage, the patient was diagnosed with TMA (platelet content 37 x 109/l, hemoglobin content 59 g/l), LDH up to 824 E/l), liver damage (AST, ALT and LDH activity 55, 60 and 824 U/l, respectively), kidney damage (acute renal damage), lungs, heart, and brain damage. At the second stage the following diagnoses were ruled out: STEC-HUS (Shiga toxin in blood and stool was not detected), TTP (ADAMTS13 activity level was 66 %, whereas reference values are 93-113 %, in TTP - below 5-10 %); systemic connective tissue diseases catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome, HIV infection sepsis. Normal values of C3 (0.9 g/l) and C4 (0.23 g/l) complement components did not rule out the diagnosis of aHUS

Epidemiological Situation on Tick-Borne Viral Encephalitis in the Territory of the Russian Federation in 2012 and Prognosis for 2013

Analyzed are the epidemiological situation and preventive measures against tick-borne encephalitis in the territory of the Russian Federation in 2012. Short-term forecast for 2013 is made based on the population morbidity rate in the federal districts of Russia in 2007–2012

MODERN TRENDS OF THE SPREADING LEPTOSPIROSIS OVERSEAS

In this study the increased number of the imported cases from endemic countries or occurring of the disease in earlier unknown natural leptospirosis foci in the world among participants of various extreme competitions, hostilities and travelers was revealed at analysis of the epidemiological leptospirosis situation. New human risk groups subjected to infection were determined

Results of experimental infection of vaccinated and non-vaccinated ducklings with duck hepatitis virus

Duck virus hepatitis, a highly contagious disease occurring in ducklings, is currently reported in all countries with duck breeding industry. This infection is included in the list of notifiable diseases of the World Organization for Animal Health, restrictive measures are established and the regionalization of the country’s territory is carried out in case of its occurrence. Timely vaccination of parent flocks in order to obtain immune offspring takes a priority place in the system of anti-epidemic measures. Due to active development of duck breeding industry and increasing number of backyard farms, the need for high-quality and effective prevention tools for this infectious disease is growing. To date, one domestic native vaccine produced by FGBI «ARRIAH» and registered in the Russian Federation is available in native form and is intended for parenteral use. In order to extend the vaccine’s shelf life and for storage and transportation convenience, a live freeze-dried vaccine against duck virus hepatitis is being developed. The paper presents results of studying the pathogenesis of duck virus hepatitis and evaluating the efficacy and safety of the vaccine under development. Pathomorphological studies carried out post experimental infection indicate that duck hepatitis virus induces pathogenic effect not only in birds’ digestive organs (the liver, in particular) but also causes degenerative changes in central and peripheral immune organs: in cloacal bursa, thymus and third eyelid gland, that may be manifested as deficiency of B- and T-cell immunity and requires further studies. It has been shown that in case of immunization of 3-day-old ducklings, the experimental vaccine induces antibody-mediated immune response, no harmful effect is produced on poultry if a tenfold dose is admin­istered which indicates its safety, and the vaccine ensures protection against infection with a control virulent strain of hepatitis virus

Results of Monitoring over the West Nile Fever Pathogen in the Territory of the Russian Federation in 2017. Forecast of Epidemic Situation Development in Russia in 2018

In Europe, in the epidemic season 2017, the incidence of West Nile fever did not exceed the index of the previous season. In the US and Canada, there was an increase in the incidence of cases. West Nile fever morbidity rates in the Russian Federation and in separate constituent entities were below the average long-term index and had the lowest value for the period since 2008. 41.6 % of WNF cases were imported to Russia from the distant countries. Analysis of the monitoring results indicated the circulation of WNF virus markers in carriers of the pathogen in 6 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and the presence of IgG antibodies in healthy population cohorts in 24 RF entities. According to molecular-genetic typing of WNF virus samples from mosquito Culex modestus from the Volgograd Region, WNF virus genotype II was established. Forecasting of epidemiological situation development for the year 2018 does not rule out the possibility of local increase in WNF incidence in certain regions of Russia

Results of Work of the Specialized Anti-Epidemic Teams of the Irkutsk Research Anti-Plague Institute in the Amur Region, Khabarovsk Territory and the Jewish Autonomous Region in 2013

Displayed are the major results of work of the specialized anti-epidemic teams from Irkutsk Research Anti-Plague Institute, aimed at the provision for sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population in the Amur Region, Khabarovsk Territory and the Jewish Autonomous Region, devastated by the abnormally high water, in 2013. Represented are the data on sanitary-hygienic and epidemiological monitoring over the territory of the worst-hit areas. Revealed are the findings as regards examination of water samples obtained from the centralized and decentralized water supplies, surface water reservoirs and treatment facilities for presence of Vibrio cholerae , and of clinical material - for intestinal viruses, as well as serological screening of the decreed groups and foreign citizens temporarily working in the Russian Federation. Presented are the results of epizootiological-epidemiological inspection of the endemic areas for natural-focal infections, and also potentially hazardous areas as concerns anthrax, situated within the bonds of the flooded territories. Total of 3626 samples have been tested, 15502 analyses for 23 nosological entities have been performed