Methods of Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of New 4-Alkyl-3-Nitro-1,4-Dihydroazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]Triazin-4-ols

[Figure not available: see fulltext.] An azo coupling reaction of α-nitro ketones with 5-diazoazoles was used to obtain 4-alkyl-3-nitro-1,4-dihydroazolo[5,1-с][1,2,4]triazines, which were characterized with respect to their antiviral activity against influenza and Coxsackie B3 viruses. © 2021, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.This study was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 20-13-00142)

Сравнение молекулярно-генетических методов выявления мутаций в гене CALR при миелопролиферативных заболеваниях

Molecular genetic detection of CALR gene somatic mutations is required for myeloproliferative neoplasms diagnosis and treatment according to the novel WHO clinical recommendations. CALR mutations are found in approximately 25–35 % cases of essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis and they are associated with benign clinical outcome. In this study we have compared sensitivity and selectivity of seve ral different options of CALR mutation molecular genetic detection in blood samples of 379 CMD patients and 17 healthy donors. Among methods compared in our study there have been conventional polymerase chain reaction with electrophoretic detection, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, direct Sanger sequencing of polymerase chain reaction fragments and polymerase chain reaction high resolution melting curve analysis. By means of melting curve analysis CALR mutations have been found in 97 (25.5 %) patients, whereas in the cases of Sanger sequencing and polymerase chain reaction there have been 87 (23.0 %) and 84 (22.1 %) CALR mutation positive patients respectively.Молекулярно-генетические исследования для определения соматических мутаций в гене кальретикулина (CALR) включены в клинические рекомендации Всемирной организации здравоохранения в качестве одних из основных диагностических критериев миелопролиферативных заболеваний. Примерно в 25–35 % случаев эссенциальной тромбоцитемии и первичного миелофиброза бывают выявлены мутации в гене CALR, наличие которых ассоциировано с благоприятным прогнозом течения заболевания. В нашем исследовании выполнено сравнение результатов молекулярно-генетических методов для определения мутаций в гене CALR. Проведен анализ образцов периферической крови 379 пациентов с хроническими миелопролиферативными заболеваниями и 17 образцов крови здоровых доноров. Наличие мутаций в гене CALR определяли методом полимеразной цепной реакции с электрофоретической детекцией и количественной полимеразной цепной реакции в реальном времени, методом секвенирования по Сэнгеру и анализом кривых плавления. Мутации в гене CALR определены у 97 (25,5 %) пациентов методом анализа кривых плавления. Из них у 87 (23,0 %) пациентов мутации в гене найдены методом секвенирования по Сэнгеру. С помощью полимеразной цепной реакции мутации в гене CALR были обнаружены у 84 (22,1 %) пациентов

Clinical and biochemical features of some intravenous iron complexes

Most anemia cases associated with iron deficiency. There are various therapeutic approaches to compensate iron deficiency. In some cases,a rapid restore of body iron is required, which is only possible with intravenous administration. Now a number of intravenous iron preparations are available, and each of them has not only advantages. Considering the drugs side effects, there was a need for drugs with high efficiency, low immunogenicity, and minimal toxicity. One of the decisions was to create preparations based on maltose and isomaltose. Such new intravenous iron preparations are ferric carboxymaltose and iron isomaltoside. Currently, there are no available clinical data that isomaltose and maltose preparations differ significantly with respect to adverse reactions associated with their immunogenicity. Based on study results isomaltose preparations in patients with dextran sensibilization should be used with caution. This is not completely exclude the possibility that both of these drugs can be an immune response trigger with a different specificity than the one on dextran develops. Preparations based on maltose, sucrose and gluconate were neutral in immunoprecipitation assay with dextran-reactive antibodies that determines their preference for patients with dextran sensibilisation. Other important properties of ferric carboxymaltose are: convenience of application and lack of oxidative stress that are determined by the slow iron release

Clinical and biochemical features of some intravenous iron complexes

Most anemia cases associated with iron deficiency. There are various therapeutic approaches to compensate iron deficiency. In some cases,a rapid restore of body iron is required, which is only possible with intravenous administration. Now a number of intravenous iron preparations are available, and each of them has not only advantages. Considering the drugs side effects, there was a need for drugs with high efficiency, low immunogenicity, and minimal toxicity. One of the decisions was to create preparations based on maltose and isomaltose. Such new intravenous iron preparations are ferric carboxymaltose and iron isomaltoside. Currently, there are no available clinical data that isomaltose and maltose preparations differ significantly with respect to adverse reactions associated with their immunogenicity. Based on study results isomaltose preparations in patients with dextran sensibilization should be used with caution. This is not completely exclude the possibility that both of these drugs can be an immune response trigger with a different specificity than the one on dextran develops. Preparations based on maltose, sucrose and gluconate were neutral in immunoprecipitation assay with dextran-reactive antibodies that determines their preference for patients with dextran sensibilisation. Other important properties of ferric carboxymaltose are: convenience of application and lack of oxidative stress that are determined by the slow iron release.</p