The longer-term effects of human capital enrichment programs on poverty and inequality : Oportunidades in Mexico

Previous empirical research has shown that Mexico’s Oportunidades program has succeeded in increasing schooling and improving health of disadvantaged children. This paper studies the program’s potential longer-term consequences for the poverty and inequality of these children. It adapts methods developed in DiNardo, Fortin and Lemieux (1996) and incorporates existing experimental estimates of the program’s effects on human capital to analyze how Oportunidades will affect future earnings of program participants. We nonparametrically simulate earnings distributions, with and without the program, and predict that Oportunidades will increase future mean earnings but have only modest effects on poverty rates and earnings inequality.Oportunidades, Human capital, Schooling, Health, Poverty, Inequality.

A study of morphology, provenance, and movement of desert sand seas in Africa, Asia, and Australia

A description and classification of major types of sand seas on the basis of morphological pattern and lineation are discussed. The steps involved in analyzing the patterns of deposits on ERTS-1 imagery, where the visible forms are mostly dune complexes rather than individual dunes are outlined. After completion of thematic maps portraying the pattern and lineation of the sand bodies, data on directions and intensity of prevailing and other winds are plotted on corresponding bases, as a preliminary to determination of internal structures through ground truth

Mixed tenure orthodoxy: practitioner reflections on policy effects

This article examines mixed tenure as a policy orthodoxy. It first sets out how mixed tenure may be considered to constitute an orthodoxy within planning, being generally accepted as a theory and practice even in the absence of supporting evidence. Five elements of this orthodoxy are identified, relating to (1) housing and the environment, (2) social change, (3) economic impacts, (4) sustainable communities, (5) and sociospatial integration. Interviews with practitioners involved with three social housing estates that have experienced mixed-tenure policy interventions are reported to consider why the implementation and effects of mixed tenure might not correspond with the orthodox understanding. It is argued that policy ambiguity and weaknesses in policy theory and specification, alongside practical constraints, lie behind incomplete and counterproductive policy implementation, but a belief in pursuing the policy orthodoxy persists nevertheless

Women in American Energy: De-feminizing Poverty in the Oil and Gas Industries

Women have historically been excluded from work in the male-dominated American oil and gas industry due to unfavorable working conditions and industry hiring biases. However, due to recent developments in on-land drilling techniques and increased overall production, this gender discrimination is slowly beginning to change as more women are being hired for energy industry jobs. In the short term, this means a greater distribution of wealth in what can be a lucrative field. Greater access to employment with security and room for advancement could also mean a long-term structural change in industry hiring norms, granting women greater access to energy employment in the future

1870 corporate audit committee

Board of directors\u27 audit committees are becoming an increasingly popular vehicle for enhancing the objectivity and independence of auditors and overseeing the financial information generating process. This is occurring at a time when directors and auditors are facing criticism and increased litigation due to corporate failures and disclosures of illegal or questionable payments. This article examines the workings of a corporate audit committee that operated in the mid-nineteenth century. The committee functioned as auditor for the company since there was no established public accounting profession in the U.S. at that time. They disentangled the financial affairs of the company and probably directly contributed to the replacement of the President of the company. Although the activities of corporate audit committees have changed or evolved considerably through the years, both the 1870 corporate audit committee and modern corporate audit committees have pursued a common goal of achieving accuracy and completeness in corporate financial reports

MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS OF THE HOMELESS

Stereotypes surrounding race and socioeconomic status often have overlapping attributes. That is, we tend to stereotypically associate African Americans and poor individuals with being incompetent. Further, people automatically associate African Americans with the concept of poor. The current research examined people’s mental representations of a homeless person, a poor person, and a person with a home, to see if people’s mental representation of a homeless varied from that of a poor person. Results from Study 1 (N = 524), using a bi-racial base image indicate that people, on average, mentally represent the poor and homeless in a similar manner. The results from Study 2 (N = 496), using a White base image, replicate the findings from Study 1, and indicate that the findings from Study 1 were not the result of idiosyncratic features of the original base image. Future directions are discussed

The Pathophysiology of Athlete\u27s Heart

Athlete\u27s heart is a condition resulting from high intensity exercise over a long period of time. Due to the increased workload of the body, the heart creates pathophysiologic changes to compensate for the increased demand. These changes are similar to those found in the diseased heart of a person with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. It is important to recognize athlete\u27s heart and be able to differentiate between the pathophysiologic changes in athlete\u27s heart and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy