The suburban landscape: 200 years of gardens and gardening.

Gardens are a vital part of what defines the suburban landscape. Gardened spaces between the houses, roads and stations help define the suburb as ‘suburban’ – at the heart of which is the private garden, at both the front and back of the dwelling. This exhibition considered the significance of gardens and gardening in the making of what has become the most ‘English’ of landscape environments. The first part looked at the evolution of the landscape as a whole, including the development of public open spaces. It suggested that despite subsequent infilling and densification, the landscape had largely acquired its character by the Second World War. Although increasingly at risk of development, private gardens still make up a large part of the suburban landscape and gardening remains one of the nation’s consuming passions. The second part of the exhibition argued that the private uses of the suburban garden are intimately linked to the shared values of the larger public landscape

The Collaborative Development of New CFD Methods Adapted for Tilt Rotor Aircraft in the HiPerTilt Project

No abstract available

Discrete Lie Advection of Differential Forms

In this paper, we present a numerical technique for performing Lie advection of arbitrary differential forms. Leveraging advances in high-resolution finite volume methods for scalar hyperbolic conservation laws, we first discretize the interior product (also called contraction) through integrals over Eulerian approximations of extrusions. This, along with Cartan's homotopy formula and a discrete exterior derivative, can then be used to derive a discrete Lie derivative. The usefulness of this operator is demonstrated through the numerical advection of scalar fields and 1-forms on regular grids.Comment: Accepted version; to be published in J. FoC

Paper Session I-A - Canada\u27s International Spaceport

Since the early days of 1990, a small yet tenacious group of people have widened into an extensive and cohesive team, accomplishing many firsts in the world of space business - the development and operation of a privately financed, international, commercial space launch facility. SpacePort Canada - is located at the former Churchill Research Range on the Hudson Bay in northern Manitoba. The SpacePort will re-establish the facilities where over 3500 sounding rockets were launched between 1957 and 1989. The first phase of construction, involving the refurbishment of existing sounding rocket facilities, was started in July 1994 and concluded in November 1994. The remaining phases of the project involve further expansion of existing facilities and the construction of two new launch pads. The pads, capable of supporting rocket launches to place satellites weighing between 1000 - 4000 pounds into low earth orbit are designed to accommodate a variety of international vehicles. In addition to these facilities, buildings to support satellite processing, mission control and administrative support will be constructed. The SpacePort, created by Akjuit Aerospace Incorporated of Winnipeg, Manitoba, and managed by Raytheon Engineers and Constructors of Denver Colorado, will be capable of supporting launches carrying small satellite payloads in mid 1996. These satellites typically provide communications, remote sensing and environmental monitoring services. To date, twenty competing satellite consortia have announced plans to launch more than 1300 satellites to provide these services. SpacePort Canada is designed to fill a void in the current launch market - the world\u27s first commercial spaceport, capable of launching several different international rockets from the same location, utilizing state-of-the-art equipment, buildings and launch facilities, combined with a highly competitive pricing structure

First Principles Analysis of Electron-Phonon Interaction in Graphene

The electron-phonon interaction in monolayer graphene is investigated by using density functional perturbation theory. The results indicate that the electron-phonon interaction strength is of comparable magnitude for all four in-plane phonon branches and must be considered simultaneously. Moreover, the calculated scattering rates suggest an acoustic phonon contribution that is much weaker than previously thought, revealing the role of optical phonons even at low energies. Accordingly it is predicted, in good agreement with a recent measurement, that the intrinsic mobility of graphene may be more than an order of magnitude larger than the high values reported in suspended samples.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure

Evapotranspiration of two vegetation communities in a high-elevation riparian meadow at Hart Prairie, Arizona

Hart Prairie, Arizona, has the largest Bebb willow (Salix bebbiana) community in the United States; however, greater than 95% of willows are older than 80 years and regeneration by seed is not occurring. This study examined the evapotranspiration of two herbaceous communities that dominate the Hart Prairie watershed: (1) a mixture of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) and graminoids and (2) dominantly graminoids. Transpiration during premonsoon and postmonsoon dry periods of 2000, 2001, and 2002 was estimated for each community by the difference in volumetric soil-water content (0-30 cm soil depth) between replicated plots that were clipped of all vegetation and control, unclipped plots. Transpiration rates estimated under conditions of minimal soil drainage varied between 0.63 and 2.4 mm/d for the fern-graminoid community and 0.57 and 1.1 mm/d for the graminoid community over the study. The fern-graminoid community produced more biomass than the graminoid community in all years, but generally had lower transpiration rates. Severe drought in year 2002 reduced growth and transpiration of the fern-graminoid community more than the graminoid community. Evaporation rates were estimated by temporal changes in soil-water content in clipped plots during dry periods, and were 54 to 474% of transpiration rates estimated under conditions of minimal soil drainage because of the dry and windy conditions that occur at the study site. Based on this study and a study of transpiration of scattered trees invading the meadow, transpiration by the herbaceous understorey was higher than transpiration by trees during similar seasons

New perspectives on bioactivity of olive oil: evidence from animal models, human interventions and the use of urinary proteomic biomarkers

Olive oil (OO) is the primary source of fat in the Mediterranean diet and has been associated with longevity and a lower incidence of chronic diseases, particularly CHD. Cardioprotective effects of OO consumption have been widely related with improved lipoprotein profile, endothelial function and inflammation, linked to health claims of oleic acid and phenolic content of OO. With CVD being a leading cause of death worldwide, a review of the potential mechanisms underpinning the impact of OO in the prevention of disease is warranted. The current body of evidence relies on mechanistic studies involving animal and cell-based models, epidemiological studies of OO intake and risk factor, small- and large-scale human interventions, and the emerging use of novel biomarker techniques associated with disease risk. Although model systems are important for mechanistic research nutrition, methodologies and experimental designs with strong translational value are still lacking. The present review critically appraises the available evidence to date, with particular focus on emerging novel biomarkers for disease risk assessment. New perspectives on OO research are outlined, especially those with scope to clarify key mechanisms by which OO consumption exerts health benefits. The use of urinary proteomic biomarkers, as highly specific disease biomarkers, is highlighted towards a higher translational approach involving OO in nutritional recommendations