73 research outputs found
Diffusive Shock Acceleration and Reconnection Acceleration Processes
Shock waves, as shown by simulations and observations, can generate high levels of downstream vortical turbulence, including magnetic islands. We consider a combination of diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) and downstream magnetic-island-reconnection-related processes as an energization mechanism for charged particles. Observations of electron and ion distributions downstream of interplanetary shocks and the heliospheric termination shock (HTS) are frequently inconsistent with the predictions of classical DSA. We utilize a recently developed transport theory for charged particles propagating diffusively in a turbulent region filled with contracting and reconnecting plasmoids and small-scale current sheets. Particle energization associated with the anti-reconnection electric field, a consequence of magnetic island merging, and magnetic island contraction, are considered. For the former only, we find that (i) the spectrum is a hard power law in particle speed, and (ii) the downstream solution is constant. For downstream plasmoid contraction only, (i) the accelerated spectrum is a hard power law in particle speed; (ii) the particle intensity for a given energy peaks downstream of the shock, and the distance to the peak location increases with increasing particle energy, and (iii) the particle intensity amplification for a particular particle energy, f(x,c/c_0)/f(0,c/c_0), is not 1, as predicted by DSA, but increases with increasing particle energy. The general solution combines both the reconnection-induced electric field and plasmoid contraction. The observed energetic particle intensity profile observed by Voyager 2 downstream of the HTS appears to support a particle acceleration mechanism that combines both DSA and magnetic-island-reconnection-related processes
Particle acceleration and reconnection in the solar wind
An emerging paradigm for the dissipation of magnetic turbulence in the supersonic solar wind is via localized quasi-2D small-scale magnetic island reconnection processes. An advection-diffusion transport equation for a nearly isotropic particle distribution describes particle transport and energization in a region of interacting magnetic islands [1; 2]. The dominant charged particle energization processes are 1) the electric field induced by quasi-2D magnetic island merging, and 2) magnetic island contraction. The acceleration of charged particles in a βsea of magnetic islandsβ in a super-AlfvΓ©nic flow, and the energization of particles by combined diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) and downstream magnetic island reconnection processes are discussed
Machine learning method for data analysis millimeter astroclimate research
Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Β«ΠΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡΒ» ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ GNSS, ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ.The paper introduces a method for estimating precipitable water vapor using radiometer data with the help of machine learning techniques. A comparative analysis of the estimation of precipitable water vapor for the βBadaryβ observatory has been conducted using GNSS data, radiometer data, and forecasted values through the utilization of an artificial neural network.Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠ΅ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ½Π΄Π°, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ β 23-22-00373
Comparison of American mink embryonic stem and induced pluripotent stem cell transcriptomes
BACKGROUND: Recently fibroblasts of many mammalian species have been reprogrammed to pluripotent state using overexpression of several transcription factors. This technology allows production of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells with properties similar to embryonic stem (ES) cells. The completeness of reprogramming process is well studied in such species as mouse and human but there is not enough data on other species. We produced American mink (Neovison vison) ES and iPS cells and compared these cells using transcriptome analysis. RESULTS: We report the generation of 10 mink ES and 22 iPS cell lines. The majority of the analyzed cell lines had normal diploid chromosome number. The only ES cell line with XX chromosome set had both X-chromosomes in active state that is characteristic of pluripotent cells. The pluripotency of ES and iPS cell lines was confirmed by formation of teratomas with cell types representing all three germ layers. Transcriptome analysis of mink embryonic fibroblasts (EF), two ES and two iPS cell lines allowed us to identify 11831 assembled contigs which were annotated. These led to a number of 6891 unique genes. Of these 3201 were differentially expressed between mink EF and ES cells. We analyzed expression levels of these genes in iPS cell lines. This allowed us to show that 80% of genes were correctly reprogrammed in iPS cells, whereas approximately 6% had an intermediate expression pattern, about 7% were not reprogrammed and about 5% had a "novel" expression pattern. We observed expression of pluripotency marker genes such as Oct4, Sox2 and Rex1 in ES and iPS cell lines with notable exception of Nanog. CONCLUSIONS: We had produced and characterized American mink ES and iPS cells. These cells were pluripotent by a number of criteria and iPS cells exhibited effective reprogramming. Interestingly, we had showed lack of Nanog expression and consider it as a species-specific feature
ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ-ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ° Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
The development grade of biotechnological branch is varies significantly according to every different branch direction. One of such direction is the market of ecology related biotechnological developments, which was monitored using marketing research in 2002- 2006.Π‘ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ Β«ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ» ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡ
Π² ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π·ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² (ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ° Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ) Π² 2002-2006 Π³Π³. Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³
Here and there: the double-side transgene localization
Random transgene integration is a powerful tool for developing new genome-wide screening approaches. These techniques have already been used for functional gene annotation by transposon-insertion sequencing, for identification of transcription factor binding sites and regulatory sequences, and for dissecting chromatin position effects. Precise localization of transgenes and accurate artifact filtration are essential for this type of method. To date, many mapping assays have been developed, including Inverse-PCR, TLA, LAM-PCR, and splinkerette PCR. However, none of them is able to ensure localization of both transgeneβs flanking regions simultaneously, which would be necessary for some applications. Here we proposed a cheap and simple NGS-based approach that overcomes this limitation. The developed assay requires using intentionally designed vectors that lack recognition sites of one or a set of restriction enzymes used for DNA fragmentation. By looping and sequencing these DNA fragments, we obtain special data that allows us to link the two flanking regions of the transposon. This can be useful for precise insertion mapping and for screening approaches in the field of chromosome engineering, where chromosomal recombination events between transgenes occur in a cell population. To demonstrate the methodβs feasibility, we applied it for mapping SB transposon integration in the human HAP1 cell line. Our technique allowed us to efficiently localize genomic transposon integrations, which was confirmed via PCR analysis. For practical application of this approach, we proposed a set of recommendations and a normalization strategy. The developed method can be used for multiplex transgene localization and detection of rearrangements between them
ΠΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΠ°ΠΊΠ° Π² ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ°.
The risks of the emergent ecological and technical situation as a result of using liquid ammonia as a refrigerating medium in construction in Far Northern regions have been considered. Affective zone modeling/simulation during ammonia ejection into the atmosphere has been built. A model of reaction between ammonia and plastic frozen ground has been suggested. A conclusion of ammonia monitoring in the atmosphere and advisability/expediency of liquid ammonia substitution on alternative refrigerating medium, Freon-22, has been drawnΠ Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π°Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ
, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΠ°ΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Ρ
Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΠ°ΠΊΠ° Π² Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΠ°ΠΊΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ·Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΠ°ΠΊΠ° Π² Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΠ°ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ Ρ
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