The surgical treatment of destructive pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with diabetes

The purpose of the study was to improve quality of surgical treatable of destructive pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with diabetes.Materials and Methods. D.B. Giller and employees of the Department of Phthisiopulmonology and Thoracic Surgery of the First Moscow State Medical University M.I. Sechenov performed operations on 200 patients with diabetes due to tuberculosis. Group 1 was mustered from 78 patients from 2004 to 2009. Group 2 was mustered from 122 patients from 2011 to 2017.Results. An analysis of the results showed that after 31 operations, 27 (13.5%) patients from both groups developed 33 complications. The second group (6.6%) had fewer complications after surgery than the first group (24.4%) 3.7 times. The first group had more vulnerary and bronchopleural complications than the second group. 12 patients (15.4%) of the first group and 6 patients (4.9%) of the second group had bronchopleural complications (empyema, residual cavity, delayed expansion of the lung and intrapleural bleeding). 2 patients died in the hospital (30-day mortality was 0.66%) after 303 surgical intervention in both groups. 1 patient (0.9%) died after 106 surgical interventions in the first group. 1 patient (0.5%) died after 197 surgical interventions in the second group. The full effect was achieved in 75 (96.2%) patients in the first group and 114 (93.4%) in the second group. The survival value of patients of the second group was 100% after 1 year, 98% after 2 years, 98.8% after 3 years, 96.9% after 4 years, 95.2% after 5 years. The surgical treatable affected the occupational rehabilitation of patients from group 2. 61.5% of patients from group 2 became able to work after 1 year. 64.5% of patients from group 2 became able to work after 5 years.Conclusion. If doctors use our tactics in patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes, the risk of complications after surgery will drop and reactivation of tuberculosis will not occur

Systematic dissection of biases in whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing reveals major determinants of coding sequence coverage

Advantages and diagnostic effectiveness of the two most widely used resequencing approaches, whole exome (WES) and whole genome (WGS) sequencing, are often debated. WES dominated large-scale resequencing projects because of lower cost and easier data storage and processing. Rapid development of 3(rd) generation sequencing methods and novel exome sequencing kits predicate the need for a robust statistical framework allowing informative and easy performance comparison of the emerging methods. In our study we developed a set of statistical tools to systematically assess coverage of coding regions provided by several modern WES platforms, as well as PCR-free WGS. We identified a substantial problem in most previously published comparisons which did not account for mappability limitations of short reads. Using regression analysis and simple machine learning, as well as several novel metrics of coverage evenness, we analyzed the contribution from the major determinants of CDS coverage. Contrary to a common view, most of the observed bias in modern WES stems from mappability limitations of short reads and exome probe design rather than sequence composition. We also identified the similar to 500kb region of human exome that could not be effectively characterized using short read technology and should receive special attention during variant analysis. Using our novel metrics of sequencing coverage, we identified main determinants of WES and WGS performance. Overall, our study points out avenues for improvement of enrichment-based methods and development of novel approaches that would maximize variant discovery at optimal cost

Identification of Novel Candidate Markers of Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity in Russia by Exome Sequencing with a Limited Sample Size

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are common chronic disorders with multifactorial etiology. In our study, we performed an exome sequencing analysis of 110 patients of Russian ethnicity together with a multi-perspective approach based on biologically meaningful filtering criteria to detect novel candidate variants and loci for T2D and obesity. We have identified several known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as markers for obesity (rs11960429), T2D (rs9379084, rs1126930), and body mass index (BMI) (rs11553746, rs1956549 and rs7195386) (p < 0.05). We show that a method based on scoring of case-specific variants together with selection of protein-altering variants can allow for the interrogation of novel and known candidate markers of T2D and obesity in small samples. Using this method, we identified rs328 in LPL (p = 0.023), rs11863726 in HBQ1 (p = 8 × 10−5), rs112984085 in VAV3 (p = 4.8 × 10−4) for T2D and obesity, rs6271 in DBH (p = 0.043), rs62618693 in QSER1 (p = 0.021), rs61758785 in RAD51B (p = 1.7 × 10−4), rs34042554 in PCDHA1 (p = 1 × 10−4), and rs144183813 in PLEKHA5 (p = 1.7 × 10−4) for obesity; and rs9379084 in RREB1 (p = 0.042), rs2233984 in C6orf15 (p = 0.030), rs61737764 in ITGB6 (p = 0.035), rs17801742 in COL2A1 (p = 8.5 × 10−5), and rs685523 in ADAMTS13 (p = 1 × 10−6) for T2D as important susceptibility loci in Russian population. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of whole exome sequencing (WES) technologies for searching for novel markers of multifactorial diseases in cohorts of limited size in poorly studied populations

Prediction of inter-particle adhesion force from surface energy and surface roughness

Fine powder flow is a topic of great interest to industry, in particular for the pharmaceutical industry; a major concern being their poor flow behavior due to high cohesion. In this study, cohesion reduction, produced via surface modification, at the particle scale as well as bulk scale is addressed. The adhesion force model of Derjaguin-Muller-Toporov (DMT) was utilized to quantify the inter-particle adhesion force of both pure and surface modified fine aluminum powders (∼8 μm in size). Inverse Gas Chromatography was utilized for the determination of surface energy of the samples, and Atomic Force Microscopy was utilized to evaluate surface roughness of the powders. Surface modification of the original aluminum powders was done for the purpose of reduction in cohesiveness and improvement in flowability, employing either silane surface treatment or dry mechanical coating of nano-particles on the surface of original powders. For selected samples, the AFM was utilized for direct evaluation of the particle pull-off force. The results indicated that surface modification reduced the surface energy and altered the surface nano-roughness, resulting in drastic reduction of the inter-particle adhesion force. The particle bond number values were computed based on either the inter-particle adhesion force from the DMT model or the inter-particle pull-off force obtained from direct AFM measurements. Surface modification resulted in two to three fold reductions in the Bond number. In order to examine the influence of the particle scale property such as the Bond number on the bulk-scale flow characterization, Angle of Repose measurements were done and showed good qualitative agreements with the Bond number and acid/base surface characteristics of the powders. The results indicate a promising method that may be used to predict flow behavior of original (cohesive) and surface modified (previously cohesive) powders utilizing very small samples

Effect of low temperature RF plasma treatment on electrical properties of junctionless InGaAs MOSFETs

In this paper, we study the effect of low-temperature RF plasma treatment in forming gas (10%H2+90%N2) on the electrical characteristics of junctionless MOSFETs with n-In0.53Ga0.47As channel and an Al2O3 gate dielectric. The impact of plasma power density on the device parameters is investigated. It is found that RF plasma annealing with a low power density (0.5 W/cm2) at 150°C for 10 min provides substantial improvement of source/drain contacts resistance and the carrier mobility resulting in a considerable increase of the on-state current and transconductance. It also improves the subthreshold slope and reduces the fixed positive charge in Al2O3 under the gate, shifting the threshold voltage toward positive values. It is demonstrated that non-thermal factors play a principle role in modification of electrical properties of the JL MOSFETs under RF plasma treatment. Such treatment may be an efficient tool for the improvement of the performance of the advanced MOSFETs with III-V channel materials

Текстурные и КТ-признаки в дифференциальном диагнозе гиперваскулярных нейроэндокринных опухолей поджелудочной железы и метастазов почечно-клеточного рака: диагностическая модель

Objective: to develop a diagnostic model that includes CT and radiomic features for the differential diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) G1 and G2 and pancreatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) metastases.Material and Methods. 78 patients with 79 hypervascular PNETs and 17 patients with 24 pancreatic RCC metastases who underwent pancreatic resection and histological verification were selected in the study. All the patients underwent preoperative contrast enhanced CT (CECT). We assessed tumor attenuation, composition (cystic/solid), homogeneity (homogeneous/heterogeneous), calcification and presence of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) dilation. We calculated lesion-to-parenchyma contrast (LPC), relative tumor enhancement ratio (RTE) and extracted 52 texture features for arterial phase of CECT. Qualitative and texture features were compared between PNETs and pancreatic RCC metastasis. The selection of predictors for the logistic model was carried out in 2 successive stages: 1) selection of predictors based on one-factor logistic models, the selection criterion was p < 0.2; 2) selection of predictors using L2 regularization (LASSO regression after standardization of independent variables). The selected predictors were included in a logistic regression model without interactions, the coefficients of which were estimated using the maximum likelihood method with a penalty of 0.8.Results. There was no difference in composition, homogeneity (homogeneous/heterogeneous) and presence of the MPD dilation between groups. We did not find calcification in pancreatic RCC metastasis, in contrast to the PNETs (9% contained calcifications). After selection, the LCR, CONVENTIONAL_HUmin, GLCM_Correlation, NGLDM_Coarseness were included in the final diagnostic model, which showed a sensitivity and specificity of 95.8%; 62% in the prediction of pancreatic RCC metastases.Conclusion. The diagnostic model developed on the basis of texture and CT-features has high sensitivity (95.8%) with moderate specificity (62%), which allows it to be used in complex diagnostic cases to determine the patient's treatment tactics.Цель исследования: разработать диагностическую модель, включающую КТ-характеристики и показатели радиомики для дифференциальной диагностики нейроэндокринных опухолей поджелудочной железы (ПНЭО) G1 и G2 и метастазов почечно-клеточного рака (ПКР).Материал и методы. В исследование были отобраны 78 пациентов с 79 гиперваскулярными ПНЭО и 17 пациентов с 24 метастазами ПКР, которым была выполнена резекция поджелудочной железы с гистологической верификацией. Всем пациентам перед операцией была проведена КТ с контрастным усилением. Мы оценивали плотность опухоли, структуру (кистозная/солидная), гомогенность (гомогенная/гетерогенная), кальцификацию и наличие расширения главного протока поджелудочной железы (ГПП). Мы рассчитали отношение плотности опухоли к плотности паренхимы (LPC) и относительный коэффициент контрастирования опухоли (RTE) и вычислили 52 текстурных показателя для артериальной фазы КТ-исследования. Качественные и текстурные характеристики сравнивали между ПНЭО и метастазами ПКР. Отбор предикторов в логистическую модели осуществлялся в 2 последовательных этапа: 1) отбор предикторов на основе однофакторных логистических моделей, критерием отбора служило p < 0.2; 2) отбор предикторов с помощью L2-регуляризации (LASSO-регрессия после стандартизации независимых переменных). Отобранные предикторы включались в логистическую регрессионную модель без взаимодействий, коэффициенты которой рассчитывались с использованием метода максимального праводоподобия со штрафом 0,8.Результаты. Не было различий в структуре, гомогенности (гомогенные/гетерогенные) и наличии дилатации ГПП между группами. Мы не обнаружили кальцификации при метастазах ПКР, в отличие от ПНЭО. После отбора LCR, CONVENTIONAL_HUmin, GLCM_Correlation, NGLDM_Coarseness были включены в окончательную диагностическую модель, которая показала чувствительность и специфичность 95.8%; 62% в прогнозировании метастазов ПКР.Заключение. Разработанная на основании текстурных и КТ-признаков диагностическая модель обладает высокой чувствительностью (95.8%) при умеренной специфичности (62%), что позволяет использовать ее при сложных диагностических случаях для определения тактики лечения пациента

The first scientific forum «Genetic resources of Russia» - on legal regulation in the field of bioresources and biological collections

The first scientific forum «Genetic Resources of Russia» took place in Saint Petersburg on 21-24 June 2022. The Forum brought together more than 500 specialists from more than 100 research institutions and universities of the Russian Federation. A round table «Regulations and standards of work with bio-resource collections» was organized within the framework of the Forum in connection with the relevance to create the legislation base for the work with biological collections and regulation of the activities of bioresource centres in the Russian Federation. This publication presents the outcomes of the Forum and its resolution relating to the legal regulation of biological collections

Первично-множественный синхронно-метахронный рак почек и предстательной железы (клиническое наблюдение)

Primary multiple tumors are an independent emergence and development two or more neoplasms in one patient. Thus can be the struck not only different bodies of various systems, but pair bodies (mammary glands, lungs, etc.) also, and one body with multicentric defeat. Primary multiple tumors can be synchronous and metachronous. The increase in frequency of multiple neoplasms is noted in recent years.A clinical observation of a 62-year-old patient with synchronous-metachronous primary-multiple cancer of both kidney and prostate gland is presented. A feature of this observation is multiple lesions of both kidneys, as well as the presence of two different morphological forms of renal cell carcinoma in one kidney (papillary and clear cell). The difficulty in identifying and differentiating kidney tumors with a cystic structure was due to the presence of multiple cysts of both kidneys of different types according to Bosniak. Первично-множественные опухоли – это независимое возникновение и развитие у одного больного двух или более новообpазований. При этом пораженными могут быть не только разные органы различных систем, но и парные (молочные железы, легкие и др.), а также мультицентрически один орган. Первичномножественные опухоли могут быть синхронными и метахронными. В последние годы отмечено увеличение частоты множественных новообразований.Представлено клиническое наблюдение пациента 62 лет с синхронно-метахронным первично-множественным раком обеих почек и предстательной железы. Особенностью представленного наблюдения является множественное поражение обеих почек, а также наличие двух различных морфологических форм почечноклеточного рака в одной почке (папиллярного и светлоклеточного). Сложность в выявления и дифференциации опухолей почки, имеющих кистозную структуру, была обусловлена наличием множественных кист обеих почек различных типов по Bosniak.