Epidemiological features of tick-borne viral encephalitis in Yekaterinburg for 2006-2022

The purpose of the study is to study the epidemiological features of the incidence of viral tick-borne encephalitis in the population of Yekaterinburg in 2006-2022.Цель исследования - изучить эпидемиологические особенности заболеваемости КВЭ населения г. Екатеринбурга за 2006-2022 годы

ЦИРРОЗ ПЕЧЕНИ ПРИ ХРОНИЧЕСКОМ ГЕПАТИТЕ С У ДЕТЕЙ

The research presents the analysis of the factors of macro-and microorganism facilitating the formation of liver cirrhosis (LC) in CHC in children. 20 patients with liver cirhossis of hepatitis C virus etiology have been observed. No reliable correlation between such factors as sex, age, route of infection, previous and concomitant diseases, genotype of the pathogen, duration of the infection has been discovered. The clinical, biochemical and ultrasound characteristics of liver cirrhosis of HCV-etiology in children have been presented. The changes of the frequency of occurrence of certain subtypes of the virus and the prevailing route of HCV-infection in recent years have been shown.В работе представлена оценка факторов микро- и макроорганизма, способствующих формированию цирроза печени (ЦП) при ХГС у детей. Наблюдалось 20 больных с ЦП HCV-этиологии. Отмечено отсутствие достоверной связи таких факторов, как пол, возраст и способ инфицирования, наличие и характер предшествующих и сопутствующих заболеваний, генотип возбудителя и длительность инфицирования. Дана клинико-биохимическая и ультразвуковая характеристика ЦП HCV-этиологии у детей. Показано изменение частоты встречаемости отдельных субтипов вируса и преобладающего пути инфицирования HCV за последнее время

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЗНАЧИМОСТИ ОБНАРУЖЕНИЯ НУКЛЕОКАПСИДНОГО АНТИГЕНА ВИРУСА ГЕПАТИТА С У ДЕТЕЙ С ХРОНИЧЕСКИМ ГЕПАТИТОМ С

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and diagnostic significance of the detection of core-antigen of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in children with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Sera of 101 patients and 24 non-infected participants were analyzed. Core-antigen was determined by chemiluminescent method using «ARCHITECT HCV Ag» (Abbott, USA). HCV RNA was detected by highly sensitive OT-PCA. The presence of liver fibrosis was established by non-invasive methods. Antibody to core-antigen was detected by ELISA using commercial test-systems. A correlation was found between concentration of core-antigen and HCV RNA, viral subtypes, ALT level, and presence of liver fibrosis. High sensitivity and specificity of the chemiluminescent method for the detection of core antigen in children with CHC was shown. For the first time three ranges of core-antigen concentrations were proposed. Цель исследования — изучить клинико-диагностическое значение обнаружения нуклеокапсидного (core) антигена вируса гепатита С у детей с хроническим гепатитом С. Анализировали сыворотки крови 101 больных и 24 неинфицированных участников. Сore-антиген определяли хемилюминисцентным методом (Architect HCV Ag, «Abbott», США), РНК ВГС — методом ОТ-ПЦР, фиброз печени — неинвазивными методами, специфические антитела — методом ИФА. Установлена зависимость между содержанием core-антигена и РНК ВГС, субтипами вируса, уровнем АЛТ и фиброзом печени. Показаны высокая чувствительность и специфичность хемилюминисцентного метода определения core-антигена у детей с ХГС. Впервые предложены три диапазона концентраций core-антигена

ЗНАЧЕНИЕ КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННОГО ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ CORE-АНТИГЕНА В СЫВОРОТКЕ КРОВИ У ДЕТЕЙ С ГЕПАТИТОМ С

The clinical and pathogenetic significance of determining HCV core-antigen (HCV core-Ag) in serum of children with hepatitis C was investigated firstly. A direct correlation between the concentration of HCV core-Ag and viral load (VL) was revealed (r = 0,91). Children with high core-Ag (above 2500 fmol/L) showed indirect evidence for the immunosuppressive action of HCV core-Ag and occurrence of liver fibrosis more frequent (p < 0,05). In this grouP of children the prevalence of HCV subtype 3a was revealed (p < 0,05). Впервые исследовано клинико-патогенетическое значение определения HCV core-антигена (НСV core-Ag) в сыворотке крови больных гепатитом С детей. Установлена прямая корреляция между концентрацией НСV core-Ag и вирусной нагрузкой (ВН) (r = 0,91). У детей с высоким содержанием core-Ag (выше 2500 фмоль/л) получены косвенные данные в пользу иммуносупрессивного действия HCV core-Ag, а также более частое возникновение фиброза печени (p < 0,05). В этой группе обнаружено преобладание HCV субтипа 3а (p < 0,05).

Remodeling of cholinergic input to the hippocampus after noise exposure and tinnitus induction in Guinea pigs

Here, we investigate remodeling of hippocampal cholinergic inputs after noise exposure and determine the relevance of these changes to tinnitus. To assess the effects of noise exposure on the hippocampus, guinea pigs were exposed to unilateral noise for 2 hr and 2 weeks later, immunohistochemistry was performed on hippocampal sections to examine vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) expression. To evaluate whether the changes in VAChT were relevant to tinnitus, another group of animals was exposed to the same noise band twice to induce tinnitus, which was assessed using gap‐prepulse Inhibition of the acoustic startle (GPIAS) 12 weeks after the first noise exposure, followed by immunohistochemistry. Acoustic Brainstem Response (ABR) thresholds were elevated immediately after noise exposure for all experimental animals but returned to baseline levels several days after noise exposure. ABR wave I amplitude‐intensity functions did not show any changes after 2 or 12 weeks of recovery compared to baseline levels. In animals assessed 2‐weeks following noise‐exposure, hippocampal VAChT puncta density decreased on both sides of the brain by 20–60% in exposed animals. By 12 weeks following the initial noise exposure, changes in VAChT puncta density largely recovered to baseline levels in exposed animals that did not develop tinnitus, but remained diminished in animals that developed tinnitus. These tinnitus‐specific changes were particularly prominent in hippocampal synapse‐rich layers of the dentate gyrus and areas CA3 and CA1, and VAChT density in these regions negatively correlated with tinnitus severity. The robust changes in VAChT labeling in the hippocampus 2 weeks after noise exposure suggest involvement of this circuitry in auditory processing. After chronic tinnitus induction, tinnitus‐specific changes occurred in synapse‐rich layers of the hippocampus, suggesting that synaptic processing in the hippocampus may play an important role in the pathophysiology of tinnitus.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/150542/1/hipo23058.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/150542/2/hipo23058_am.pd

Evolution and Diversity of Hepatitis C Virus and Peculiarity of Modern Laboratory Diagnostic of Hepatitis C Markers

Hepatitis C virus (HCV), which was identified in 1989 - 1990. Later it was included in new genus Hepacivirus of the family Flaviviridae. Due the genetic heterogeneity of HCV, viral isolates was decided to classificate on genotypes and sybtypes in accordance with the sequence of nucleotides in a certain area of the genome. It was discover that the virus infect only human and chimpanzee. Modern molecular epidemiological data, obtained after 2000, indicate monocentric origin of HCV from Africa, most likely from the central part. Probably, in Africa the conditions for feeling HCV-like virus from unknown non-primate mammal to human were formed. Recently HCV-like viruses were found in dogs, horses, bars, and rodents. The most common hypothesis of the HCV origin base on unknown virus, which is belong to genus Hepacivirus and does not infect human-like primate. The virus is included into group of nonprimate hepacivirus (NPHV). In last centure in our country viral intergenotype recombinant RF_2k/1b was appeared. In modern time HCV diversity can appeared as serology poor displayed forms of the virus. Drug-resistant variants of HCV can accumulate and disseminate again the background of antiviral therapy

CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C IN YOUNG CHILDREN

The research presents the analysis of the factors of macro-and microorganism facilitating the formation of liver cirrhosis (LC) in CHC in children. 20 patients with liver cirhossis of hepatitis C virus etiology have been observed. No reliable correlation between such factors as sex, age, route of infection, previous and concomitant diseases, genotype of the pathogen, duration of the infection has been discovered. The clinical, biochemical and ultrasound characteristics of liver cirrhosis of HCV-etiology in children have been presented. The changes of the frequency of occurrence of certain subtypes of the virus and the prevailing route of HCV-infection in recent years have been shown

INVESTIGATION OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DETECTION OF THE NUCLEOCAPSID ANTIGEN OF THE HEPATITIS C VIRUS IN CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and diagnostic significance of the detection of core-antigen of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in children with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Sera of 101 patients and 24 non-infected participants were analyzed. Core-antigen was determined by chemiluminescent method using «ARCHITECT HCV Ag» (Abbott, USA). HCV RNA was detected by highly sensitive OT-PCA. The presence of liver fibrosis was established by non-invasive methods. Antibody to core-antigen was detected by ELISA using commercial test-systems. A correlation was found between concentration of core-antigen and HCV RNA, viral subtypes, ALT level, and presence of liver fibrosis. High sensitivity and specificity of the chemiluminescent method for the detection of core antigen in children with CHC was shown. For the first time three ranges of core-antigen concentrations were proposed

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF QUANTITIES DETECTION OF СORE ANTIGEN IN BLOOD SERUM OF CHILDREN WITH HEPATITIS C

The clinical and pathogenetic significance of determining HCV core-antigen (HCV core-Ag) in serum of children with hepatitis C was investigated firstly. A direct correlation between the concentration of HCV core-Ag and viral load (VL) was revealed (r = 0,91). Children with high core-Ag (above 2500 fmol/L) showed indirect evidence for the immunosuppressive action of HCV core-Ag and occurrence of liver fibrosis more frequent (p < 0,05). In this grouP of children the prevalence of HCV subtype 3a was revealed (p < 0,05)

Peculiarity of Clinical Course of Childhood Hepatitis C Depending on the Viral Genotype

Hepatitis C is a serious problem for Russian Federation. Determination of HCV genotype/subtype is needed for epidemic control, development of antiviral drugs, vaccines, and planning expenditures for treatment. The aims of the study were to establish the structure of HCV genotype in infected children in Moscow region and to analyse the features of hepatitis, induced by different viral subtypes. Methods. HCV RNA was detected by RT-PCA with a high sensitivity (15 ME/ml). Viral genotyping and determination of intergenotype recombination were done by sequencing HCV genome regions of 5'-NTR-core and NS5B. HCV nucleocapsid antigen (core-Ag) revealing and quantifing in serum were done by ELISA and immunochemioluminesent method. Antibodies to individual structural and nonstructural HCV antigens were determined by ELISA. The level of specific antibodies was determined by titration. Routes of HCV transmission was established by a survey by of parents using the standard protocol. Results. The average age of 63 infected children was 11.3 ± 0.78 years. The main HCV subtypes were 3a (46.03%), 1b (33.3%), and 1a (11.6%). Three children (4.8%) showed intergenotype recombinant RF_2k/1b. Most children have been infected by vertical transmission (69.8%). In order to identify significant differences in hepatitis features we analyzed three groups of children with chronic hepatitis C: the first group - 10 children with subtype 3a, the second group - 10 patients with subtype 1b, and the third group - 7 participants with subtype 1a. There are no significant differences in the symptoms, syndromes and biochemical parameters in these groups. The value of viral load and core-Ag were significantly higher in patients with subtype 3a (P < 0.1) than in the groups of children infected with subtype 1a or 1b. Anti-HCV IgM, anti-NS4 IgG and anti-NS5 IgG in patients, chronically infected by subtype 3a, were detected less often (p < 0.05) than in the other groups. conclusion. The proportion of HCV subtype 3a has increased in infected children in the Moscow region. Intergenotype recombinant RF_2k/1b was firstly detected in children. Patients, infected by HCV subtype 3a, displayed higher viral load and often lack of anti-HCV IgM, anti-NS4ab IgG, and anti-NS5a IgG. Children, infected by HCV subtypes 1a, 1b, and 3a, have no significant differences in the symptoms, syndromes and liver biochemical parameters