981 research outputs found
Associations of gender and a proxy of female menopausal status with histological features of drugâinduced liver injury
Background & AimGender and menopause may contribute to type and severity of drugâinduced liver injury (DILI) by influencing host responses to injury. The aim of this study was to assess the associations of gender and female age 50 [a proxy of menopause] with histological features of liver injury in 212 adults enrolled in the DrugâInduced Liver Injury Network (DILIN) registry.MethodsAll participants had a causality score of at least âprobableâ, a liver biopsy within 30Â days of DILI onset, and no prior chronic liver disease. Biochemical and histological injury types were classified as hepatocellular or cholestatic/mixed injury. The cohort was divided into three gender/age categories: men (41.0%), women <50Â years (27.4%) and women â„50Â years of age (31.6%). Interaction of gender and age category (â„50 or not) was assessed.ResultsHepatocellular injury was more prevalent in women <50Â years vs. others (P=.002). After adjusting for biochemical injury types, black race and possible ageing effects, more severe interface hepatitis was noted in biopsies of women <50Â years compared to those of men and women â„50Â years (P=.009 and P=.055 respectively). Compared to those of men, biopsies of women showed greater plasma cell infiltration, hepatocyte apoptosis, hepatocyte rosettes and lobular disarray but less ironâpositive hepatocytes and histological cholestasis (P<.05). These associations persisted after excluding cases of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, anabolic steroids or nitrofurantoin DILI which showed genderâspecific distributions.ConclusionGender and a proxy of menopause were associated with various features of inflammation and injury in DILI.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/139070/1/liv13380.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/139070/2/liv13380_am.pd
Complementary grazing systems for beef cattle production
Pasture productivity in Iowa often is limited by the low yield of cool-season grasses in the summer. This project considers whether uneven seasonal distribution in pastures could be improved by including species that perform better under higher temperatures
Spectrum of statin hepatotoxicity: Experience of the drugâinduced liver injury network
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/108111/1/hep27157.pd
Amoxicillin-Clavulanate-Induced Liver Injury
Background and Aims
Amoxicillinâclavulanate (AC) is the most frequent cause of idiosyncratic drug-induced injury (DILI) in the US DILI Network (DILIN) registry. Here, we examined a large cohort of AC-DILI cases and compared features of AC-DILI to those of other drugs.
Methods
Subjects with suspected DILI were enrolled prospectively, and cases were adjudicated as previously described. Clinical variables and outcomes of patients with AC-DILI were compared to the overall DILIN cohort and to DILI caused by other antimicrobials.
Results
One hundred and seventeen subjects with AC-DILI were identified from the cohort (n = 1038) representing 11 % of all cases and 24 % of those due to antimicrobial agents (n = 479). Those with AC-DILI were older (60 vs. 48 years, P < 0.001). AC-DILI was more frequent in men than women (62 vs. 39 %) compared to the overall cohort (40 vs. 60 %, P < 0.001). The mean time to symptom onset was 31 days. The Tb, ALT, and ALP were 7 mg/dL, 478, and 325 U/L at onset. Nearly all liver biopsies showed prominent cholestatic features. Resolution of AC-DILI, defined by return of Tb to <2.5 mg/dL, occurred on average 55 days after the peak value. Three female subjects required liver transplantation, and none died due to DILI.
Conclusion
AC-DILI causes a moderately severe, mixed hepatocellularâcholestatic injury, particularly in older men, unlike DILI in general, which predominates in women. Although often protracted, eventual apparent recovery is typical, particularly for men and usually in women, but three women required liver transplantation
The Otterbein Miscellany - May 1965
https://digitalcommons.otterbein.edu/miscellany/1011/thumbnail.jp
Geodetic Constraints on the 2014 M 6.0 South Napa Earthquake
On 24 August 2014, the M 6.0 South Napa earthquake shook much of the San Francisco Bay area, leading to significant damage in the Napa Valley. The earthquake occurred in the vicinity of the West Napa fault (122.313° W, 38.22° N, 11.3 km), a mapped structure located between the Rodgerâs Creek and Green Valley faults, with nearly pure rightâlateral strikeâslip motion (strike 157°, dip 77°, rake â169°; http://comcat.cr.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/nc72282711#summary, last accessed December 2014) (Fig. 1). The West Napa fault previously experienced an M 5 strikeâslip event in 2000 but otherwise exhibited no previous definitive evidence of historic earthquake rupture (Rodgers et al., 2008; Wesling and Hanson, 2008). Evans et al. (2012) found slip rates of âŒ9.5ââmm/yr along the West Napa fault, with most slip rate models for the Bay area placing higher slip rates and greater earthquake potential on the Rodgerâs Creek and Green Valley faults, respectively (e.g., Savage et al., 1999; dâAlessio et al., 2005; Funning et al., 2007)
Fuzzy-logic controlled genetic algorithm for the rail-freight crew-scheduling problem
AbstractThis article presents a fuzzy-logic controlled genetic algorithm designed for the solution of the crew-scheduling problem in the rail-freight industry. This problem refers to the assignment of train drivers to a number of train trips in accordance with complex industrial and governmental regulations. In practice, it is a challenging task due to the massive quantity of train trips, large geographical span and significant number of restrictions. While genetic algorithms are capable of handling large data sets, they are prone to stalled evolution and premature convergence on a local optimum, thereby obstructing further search. In order to tackle these problems, the proposed genetic algorithm contains an embedded fuzzy-logic controller that adjusts the mutation and crossover probabilities in accordance with the genetic algorithmâs performance. The computational results demonstrate a 10% reduction in the cost of the schedule generated by this hybrid technique when compared with a genetic algorithm with fixed crossover and mutation rates
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