ЖИЛИЩНО-КОММУНАЛЬНЫЕ УСЛУГИ И ИХ ЗНАЧИМОСТЬ В ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ СИСТЕМЫ МЕСТНОГО САМОУПРАВЛЕНИЯ

It is theoretically possible to introduce public administration in the field of rendering housing/communal services in Russia; however, a number of problems are to be solved for this purpose. In order to make this specific industry to develop in the above direction, state administration and local self-administration are to be combined and possibilities provided by each of these administration types used.Общественное управление в сфере предоставления жилищно-коммунальных услуг в России теоретически возможно, однако для этого необходимо решить целый ряд проблем. Для развития данной отрасли в этом направлении требуется сочетать государственное управление с местным самоуправлением, используя возможности каждого из этих видов управления

ЖИЛИЩНО-КОММУНАЛЬНОЕ ХОЗЯЙСТВО КАК ОБЪЕКТ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ

Theoretical examination proves that public management in the field of providing housing and communal services is possible. Problems available in the field of providing municipal public services may be solved through combination of the state management and the local selfmanagement.It is reasonable that further development of the sphere of providing housing and communal services be effected through creation and implementation of single managing open joint-stock holding communal companies. Most important management instruments in this sphere are monitoring and benchmarking.Теоретический анализ показывает возможность общественного управления в сфере предоставления жилищно-коммунальных услуг. В сфере общественных муниципальных услуг имеются проблемы, которые можно решить сочетанием государственного управления и местного самоуправления. Дальнейшее развитие сферы услуг ЖКХ целесообразно вести путем создания и задействования единых управляющих организаций в форме открытого акционерного общества (коммунального холдинга). Важнейшими инструментами управления в этой сфере являются мониторинг и бенчмаркинг

Сорбция радионуклидов 137Cs, 85Sr и 60Co из модельных растворов жидких радиоактивных отходов низкой активности модифицированными горючими сланцами

The results of the study of cesium, strontium, cobalt radionuclides sorption from model solutions simulating liquid radioactive waste on promising sorbents based on thermally modified oil shale are presented. The dependency of texture parameters obtained from the results of nitrogen adsorption-desorption on the treatment method of oil shale and their relationship to sorption parameters such as distribution coefficient and removal efficiency was discussed. Understanding how pore characteristics affect the sorption activity of such complex systems as sorbents is important for the creation of radionuclide sorption materials with improved characteristics. The efficiency of sorption of cesium, strontium and cobalt radionuclides was rather high for sorbent samples: the distribution coefficient was about 103–104 ml/g with a removal efficiency of more than 66 %. The most effective sorbent was obtained from oil shale with a heating rate of 5 deg/min without subsequent steam treatment, which is recommended to be used for low-active radioactive waste treatment.Представлены результаты исследования сорбции радионуклидов цезия, стронция и кобальта перспективными сорбентами на основе термически модифицированных горючих сланцев из растворов, моделирующих жидкие радиоактивные отходы. На основании результатов низкотемпературной адсорбции–десорбции азота установлена зависимость текстурных параметров исследуемых сорбентов от метода обработки горючего сланца, а также описана зависимость эффективности сорбции (по величинам сорбции и коэффициента распределения) радионуклидов от текстурных параметров сорбентов. Понимание того, каким образом характеристики пор оказывают влияние на сорбционную активность таких сложных систем, как сорбенты, важно для создания высокоэффективных сорбционных материалов с усовершенствованными характеристиками. Установлено, что материалы на основе модифицированного горючего сланца сорбируют радионуклиды цезия, стронция, кобальта с высокой эффективностью: коэффициенты распределения каждого радионуклида составляют 103–104 мл/г при степени извлечения более 66 %. Наибольшую эффективность проявляет сорбент, полученный из горючего сланца при нагреве со скоростью 5 град/ мин без последующей обработки паром. Данный сорбент рекомендован к применению для очистки жидких радиоактивных отходов низкой активности от радионуклидов цезия, стронция, кобальта

Meiosis in Mice without a Synaptonemal Complex

The synaptonemal complex (SC) promotes fusion of the homologous chromosomes (synapsis) and crossover recombination events during meiosis. The SC displays an extensive structural conservation between species; however, a few organisms lack SC and execute meiotic process in a SC-independent manner. To clarify the SC function in mammals, we have generated a mutant mouse strain (Sycp1−/−Sycp3−/−, here called SC-null) in which all known SC proteins have been displaced from meiotic chromosomes. While transmission electron microscopy failed to identify any remnants of the SC in SC-null spermatocytes, neither formation of the cohesion axes nor attachment of the chromosomes to the nuclear membrane was perturbed. Furthermore, the meiotic chromosomes in SC-null meiocytes achieved pre-synaptic pairing, underwent early homologous recombination events and sustained a residual crossover formation. In contrast, in SC-null meiocytes synapsis and MLH1-MLH3-dependent crossovers maturation were abolished, whereas the structural integrity of chromosomes was drastically impaired. The variable consequences that SC inactivation has on the meiotic process in different organisms, together with the absence of SC in some unrelated species, imply that the SC could have originated independently in different taxonomic groups

Insights and Modelling Tools for Designing and Improving Chlorinated Solvent Bioremediation Applications

The chlorinated solvents tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) have been used extensively in industry and are now amongst the most common and hazardous groundwater contaminants. These solvents are typically present as dense, non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) and represent long-term source zones that produce persistent contamination plumes in aquifers. Under anaerobic conditions, chlorinated ethenes may be biodegraded via reductive dechlorination (the biologically mediated, step-wise removal of chlorine) to form ethene, a relatively innocuous end-product. The rate of reductive dechlorination can be enhanced by stimulating the activity of dechlorinating bacteria by injection of an electron donor (typically an organic substrate that generates hydrogen upon fermentation), nutrients and, in some cases, microbial communities known to dechlorinate effectively to ethene (i.e., bioaugmentation). Reductive dechlorination has been shown to be a viable technology for in situ treatment of dissolved chlorinated solvent plumes, and recent laboratory studies have suggested that this strategy may also be effective for chlorinated solvent DNAPL. Here, the source zone is targeted directly, with the aim of reducing its lifespan by enhancing dissolution from the DNAPL and sorbed phases and coupling this with effective and sustained dechlorination near the DNAPL-water interface and within the plume. This bulletin focuses on modelling of enhanced dechlorination processes in groundwater, including the modelling tools developed in the SABRE project (under which this report was written, http://www.claire.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=53&Itemid=47&showall=1), insights gained from the models concerning factors controlling the rates and extent of enhanced source zone DNAPL bioremediation, and how the modelling tools can be used to assist future applications of this technology

Study of aging properties of a wire chamber operating with high-pressure hydrogen

The project for a precision measurement of the µp-capture rate (µCAP experiment) is based on an application of a multi-wire proportional chamber (MWPC) operating in ultra-pure hydrogen at 10 bar pressure. A special test setup was constructed at PNPI to investigate the MWPC performance under the expected experimental conditions. The aging studies of the MWPCs were performed with intense irradiation from an alpha-source (Am 241 ) and a beta-source (Sr 90 ). After 45 days of continuous irradiation by alpha-particles no changes in the currents, in the signal shapes, and in the counting rates were observed. It was demonstrated that the MWPCs can operate without degradation at least up to accumulated charges of 0.1 C/cm wire. These irradiation conditions are much more severe than in the real experiment. During the study of the MWPC we have observed an appearance of short duration signals with amplitudes an order of magnitude larger than those of normal signals from the alpha-particles. The number of such signals ("streamers") strongly depend on HV. We shall continue these tests in the future with the goal of obtaining more detailed information about aging properties of MWPCs operating with high-pressure hydrogen

Study of aging properties of a wire chamber operating with high-pressure hydrogen

Abstract The project for a precision measurement of the mp-capture rate (mCAP experiment) is based on an application of a multi-wire proportional chamber (MWPC) operating in ultra-pure hydrogen at 10 bar pressure. A special test setup was constructed at PNPI to investigate the MWPC performance under the expected experimental conditions. The aging studies of the MWPCs were performed with intense irradiation from an a-source ð 241 AmÞ and a b-source ð 90 SrÞ: After 45 days of continuous irradiation by a-particles no changes in the currents, in the signal shapes, and in the counting rates were observed. It was demonstrated that the MWPCs can operate without degradation at least up to accumulated charges of 0:1 C=cm wire. These irradiation conditions are much more severe than in the real experiment. During the study of the MWPC we have observed an appearance of short duration signals with amplitudes an order of magnitude larger than those of normal signals from the a-particles. The number of such signals (''streamers'') strongly depend on HV. We shall continue these tests in the future with the goal of obtaining more detailed information about aging properties of MWPCs operating with high-pressure hydrogen.

Introductory programming: a systematic literature review

As computing becomes a mainstream discipline embedded in the school curriculum and acts as an enabler for an increasing range of academic disciplines in higher education, the literature on introductory programming is growing. Although there have been several reviews that focus on specific aspects of introductory programming, there has been no broad overview of the literature exploring recent trends across the breadth of introductory programming. This paper is the report of an ITiCSE working group that conducted a systematic review in order to gain an overview of the introductory programming literature. Partitioning the literature into papers addressing the student, teaching, the curriculum, and assessment, we explore trends, highlight advances in knowledge over the past 15 years, and indicate possible directions for future research

Professional English for the students of Electronic Education Institute in specialty of «Informatics and Computer Technologies»

Пособие предназначено для студентов 3 курса ИнЭО, изучающих профессиональный курс английского языка по направлению 09.03.01 «Информатика и вычислительная техника»