Contemporary Methods of Treating Children with Autoimmune Nephric Diseases

The review is dedicated to the analysis of contemporary therapies and efficacy thereof for treating children autoimmune nephric diseases. The authors describe peculiarities of using the conventional therapy in children and discuss alternative treatments using cyclosporine, tacrolimus, budesonide and ursodeoxycholic acid, as well as the need in using the second-line drugs for treating patients with resistant autoimmune nephric diseases. The review touches upon the promising approaches to the treatment of this category of patients

Современные методы лечения детей с аутоиммунными заболеваниями печени

The review is dedicated to the analysis of contemporary therapies and efficacy thereof for treating children autoimmune nephric diseases. The authors describe peculiarities of using the conventional therapy in children and discuss alternative treatments using cyclosporine, tacrolimus, budesonide and ursodeoxycholic acid, as well as the need in using the second-line drugs for treating patients with resistant autoimmune nephric diseases. The review touches upon the promising approaches to the treatment of this category of patients. В обзоре проанализированы современные схемы терапии и их эффективность у детей с аутоиммунными заболеваниями печени. Описаны особенности применения стандартного режима терапии у детей, рассмотрены альтернативные схемы лечения с использованием циклоспорина, такролимуса, будесонида и урсодезоксихолевой кислоты, а также необходимость применения препаратов второй линии для лечения больных с резистентными случаями аутоиммунных заболеваний печени. Освещены перспективные направления лечения этой категории больных.

MAR-Mediated transgene integration into permissive chromatin and increased expression by recombination pathway engineering.

Untargeted plasmid integration into mammalian cell genomes remains a poorly understood and inefficient process. The formation of plasmid concatemers and their genomic integration has been ascribed either to non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair pathways. However, a direct involvement of these pathways has remained unclear. Here, we show that the silencing of many HR factors enhanced plasmid concatemer formation and stable expression of the gene of interest in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, while the inhibition of NHEJ had no effect. However, genomic integration was decreased by the silencing of specific HR components, such as Rad51, and DNA synthesis-dependent microhomology-mediated end-joining (SD-MMEJ) activities. Genome-wide analysis of the integration loci and junction sequences validated the prevalent use of the SD-MMEJ pathway for transgene integration close to cellular genes, an effect shared with matrix attachment region (MAR) DNA elements that stimulate plasmid integration and expression. Overall, we conclude that SD-MMEJ is the main mechanism driving the illegitimate genomic integration of foreign DNA in CHO cells, and we provide a recombination engineering approach that increases transgene integration and recombinant protein expression in these cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 384-396. © 2016 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Effective action for Superconductors and BCS-Bose crossover

A standard perturbative expansion around the mean-field solution is used to derive the low-energy effective action for superconductors at T=0. Taking into account the density fluctuations at the outset we get the effective action where the density $\rho$ is the conjugated momentum to the phase $\theta$ of the order parameter. In the hydrodynamic regime, the dynamics of the superconductor is described by a time dependent non-linear Schr\"odinger equation (TDNLS) for the field $\Psi(x)=\sqrt{\rho/2} e^{i\theta}$. The evolution of the density fluctuations in the crossover from weak-coupling (BCS) to strong-coupling (Bose condensation of localized pairs) superconductivity is discussed for the attractive Hubbard model. In the bosonic limit, the TDNLS equation reduces to the the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for the order parameter, as in the standard description of superfluidity. The conditions under which a phase-only action can be derived in the presence of a long-range interaction to describe the physics of the superconductivity of ``bad metals'' are discussed.Comment: 13 pages, accepted for publication on Phys. Rev.

Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition and BCS-Bose crossover in the two-dimensional attractive Hubbard model

We study the two-dimensional attractive Hubbard model using the mapping onto the half-filled repulsive Hubbard model in a uniform magnetic field coupled to the fermion spins. The low-energy effective action for charge and pairing fluctuations is obtained in the hydrodynamic regime. We recover the action of a Bose superfluid where half the fermion density is identified as the conjugate variable of the phase of the superconducting order parameter. By integrating out charge fluctuations, we obtain a phase-only action. In the zero-temperature superconducting state, this action describes a collective phase mode smoothly evolving from the Anderson-Bogoliubov mode at weak coupling to the Bogoliubov mode of a Bose superfluid at strong coupling. At finite temperature, the phase-only action can be used to extract an effective XY model and thus obtain the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phase transition temperature. We also identify a renormalized classical regime of superconducting fluctuations above the BKT phase transition, and a regime of incoherent pairs at higher temperature. Special care is devoted to the nearly half-filled case where the symmetry of the order parameter is enlarged to SO(3) due to strong ${\bf q}=(\pi,\pi)$ charge fluctuations. The low-energy effective action is then an SO(3) non-linear sigma model with a (symmetry breaking) magnetic field proportional to the doping. In the strong-coupling limit, the attractive Hubbard model can be mapped onto the Heisenberg model, from which we recover the Gross-Pitaevskii equation in the low-density limit.Comment: 31 pages, 12 figures, RevTex4; (v2) changes following referees' comments, references adde

Upward curvature of the upper critical field in the Boson--Fermion model

We report on a non-conventional temperature behavior of the upper critical field ($H_{c2}(T)$) which is found for the Boson-Fermion (BF) model. We show that the BF model properly reproduces two crucial features of the experimental data obtained for high-$T_c$ superconductors: $H_{c2}(T)$ does not saturate at low temperatures and has an upward curvature. Moreover, the calculated upper critical field fits very well the experimental results. This agreement holds also for overdoped compounds, where a purely bosonic approach is not applicable.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, revte

Density functional calculations of nanoscale conductance

Density functional calculations for the electronic conductance of single molecules are now common. We examine the methodology from a rigorous point of view, discussing where it can be expected to work, and where it should fail. When molecules are weakly coupled to leads, local and gradient-corrected approximations fail, as the Kohn-Sham levels are misaligned. In the weak bias regime, XC corrections to the current are missed by the standard methodology. For finite bias, a new methodology for performing calculations can be rigorously derived using an extension of time-dependent current density functional theory from the Schroedinger equation to a Master equation.Comment: topical review, 28 pages, updated version with some revision

АНАЛІЗ І ОЦІНКА ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ РЕСУРСНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ АГРАРНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

In the article on the basis of research of the state of development of agrarian enterprises and their resource potential, problems and factors influencing on are revealed. resource efficiency: inefficient use of agricultural land, imbalances in asset structure, shortage of working capital, imbalance of net working capital and financial needs, especially in small and medium-sized businesses; a small share of state support for strong innovative development, disruption of capital structure, high risks of agricultural production, including for natural and climatic reasons. A methodological approach to the analysis and evaluation of the resource potential of agrarian enterprises is proposed, based on the DEA mathematical modeling method, which provides an index estimate of the efficiency of financial resources utilization by the factors and criteria of the distance of the point from the reference limit of the production potential. The expediency of carrying out technical assessment of the efficiency of utilization of the resource potential of agricultural enterprises in combination with other approaches (comparative, combined) is substantiated, which gives the opportunity to make the choice of decisions on increasing the volume of production or reducing the cost of resources. Based on the results of the approbation of the methodological approach of the resource potential, the main determinants that limit the efficiency of the resource potential and priorities for the resource supply and increase the productivity of the agricultural enterprises are identified: implementation of programs of state support of innovative resource-saving technologies of agricultural production; increase of technical and technological potential through attraction of investment credits, leasing and partner programs; implementation of effective financial instruments; opening a transparent and clear land market.На основі дослідження стану розвитку аграрних підприємств та їхнього ресурсного потенціалу розкрито проблеми і фактори, що впливають на ефективність використання ресурсного потенціалу: неефективне використання земель сільськогосподарського призначення, диспропорції у структурі активів, дефіцит власних обігових коштів, незбалансованість чистого обігового капіталу і фінансових потреб, особливо в малому і середньому бізнесі; незначна частка коштів державної підтримки для потужного інноваційного розвитку, порушення структури капіталу, високі ризики аграрного виробництва, у тому числі з природно-кліматичних причин. Запропоновано методичний підхід до аналізу й оцінки ефективності ресурсного потенціалу аграрних підприємств, заснований на методі математичного моделювання DEA, який передбачає індексну оцінку ефективності використання фінансових ресурсів за факторами і критеріями відстані точки від еталонної межі виробничого потенціалу. Обґрунтовано доцільність здійснення технічної оцінки ефективності використання ресурсного потенціалу аграрних підприємств у поєднанні з іншими підходами (порівняльним, комбінованим), що надає можливість здійснити вибір рішень щодо нарощування обсягу виробництва або зменшення витрат ресурсів. На основі результатів апробації методичного підходу ресурсного потенціалу визначено основні детермінанти, що обмежують ефективність ресурсного потенціалу та пріоритети щодо ресурсозабезпечення і підвищення результативності діяльності аграрних підприємств: упровадження програм державної підтримки інноваційних ресурсозберігальних технологій аграрного виробництва; нарощування технічного і технологічного потенціалу шляхом залучення інвестиційних кредитів, лізингових та партнерських програмам; упровадження ефективних фінансових інструментів; відкриття прозорого та чіткого ринку землі