Matched Asymptotic Expansion for Caged Black Holes - Regularization of the Post-Newtonian Order

The "dialogue of multipoles" matched asymptotic expansion for small black holes in the presence of compact dimensions is extended to the Post-Newtonian order for arbitrary dimensions. Divergences are identified and are regularized through the matching constants, a method valid to all orders and known as Hadamard's partie finie. It is closely related to "subtraction of self-interaction" and shows similarities with the regularization of quantum field theories. The black hole's mass and tension (and the "black hole Archimedes effect") are obtained explicitly at this order, and a Newtonian derivation for the leading term in the tension is demonstrated. Implications for the phase diagram are analyzed, finding agreement with numerical results and extrapolation shows hints for Sorkin's critical dimension - a dimension where the transition turns second order.Comment: 28 pages, 5 figures. v2:published versio

A Dialogue of Multipoles: Matched Asymptotic Expansion for Caged Black Holes

No analytic solution is known to date for a black hole in a compact dimension. We develop an analytic perturbation theory where the small parameter is the size of the black hole relative to the size of the compact dimension. We set up a general procedure for an arbitrary order in the perturbation series based on an asymptotic matched expansion between two coordinate patches: the near horizon zone and the asymptotic zone. The procedure is ordinary perturbation expansion in each zone, where additionally some boundary data comes from the other zone, and so the procedure alternates between the zones. It can be viewed as a dialogue of multipoles where the black hole changes its shape (mass multipoles) in response to the field (multipoles) created by its periodic "mirrors", and that in turn changes its field and so on. We present the leading correction to the full metric including the first correction to the area-temperature relation, the leading term for black hole eccentricity and the "Archimedes effect". The next order corrections will appear in a sequel. On the way we determine independently the static perturbations of the Schwarzschild black hole in dimension d>=5, where the system of equations can be reduced to "a master equation" - a single ordinary differential equation. The solutions are hypergeometric functions which in some cases reduce to polynomials.Comment: 47 pages, 12 figures, minor corrections described at the end of the introductio

The Final State of Black Strings and p-Branes, and the Gregory-Laflamme Instability

It is shown that the usual entropy argument for the Gregory-Laflamme (GL) instability for $some$ appropriate black strings and $p$-branes gives surprising agreement up to a few percent. This may provide a strong support to the GL's horizon fragmentation, which would produce the array of higher-dimensional Schwarzschild-type's black holes finally. On the other hand, another estimator for the size of the black hole end-state relative to the compact dimension indicates a second order (i.e., smooth) phase transition for some $other$ appropriate compactifications and total dimension of spacetime wherein the entropy argument is not appropriate. In this case, Horowitz-Maeda-type's non-uniform black strings or $p$-branes can be the final state of the GL instability.Comment: More emphasis on a second order phase transition. The computation result is unchange

On Black-Brane Instability In an Arbitrary Dimension

The black-hole black-string system is known to exhibit critical dimensions and therefore it is interesting to vary the spacetime dimension $D$, treating it as a parameter of the system. We derive the large $D$ asymptotics of the critical, i.e. marginally stable, string following an earlier numerical analysis. For a background with an arbitrary compactification manifold we give an expression for the critical mass of a corresponding black brane. This expression is completely explicit for ${\bf T}^n$, the $n$ dimensional torus of an arbitrary shape. An indication is given that by employing a higher dimensional torus, rather than a single compact dimension, the total critical dimension above which the nature of the black-brane black-hole phase transition changes from sudden to smooth could be as low as $D\leq 11$.Comment: 1+14 pages, 2 eps figures. Replaced with the published versio

Holographic repulsion and confinement in gauge theory

We show that for asymptotically anti-deSitter backgrounds with negative energy, such as the AdS soliton and regulated negative mass AdS-Schwarzshild metrics, the Wilson loop expectation value in the AdS/CFT conjecture exhibits a Coulomb to confinement transition. We also show that the quark-antiquark ($q \bar q$) potential can be interpreted as affine time along null geodesics on the minimal string world sheet,and that its intrinsic curvature provides a signature of transition to confinement phase. The result demonstrates a UV/IR relation in that the boundary separation of the $q \bar{q}$ pair exhibits an inverse relationship with the radial descent of the world sheet into the bulk. Our results suggest a generic (holographic) relationship between confinement in gauge theory and repulsive gravity, which in turn is connected with singularity avoidance in quantum gravity.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure

Caged Black Holes: Black Holes in Compactified Spacetimes II - 5d Numerical Implementation

We describe the first convergent numerical method to determine static black hole solutions (with S^3 horizon) in 5d compactified spacetime. We obtain a family of solutions parametrized by the ratio of the black hole size and the size of the compact extra dimension. The solutions satisfy the demanding integrated first law. For small black holes our solutions approach the 5d Schwarzschild solution and agree very well with new theoretical predictions for the small corrections to thermodynamics and geometry. The existence of such black holes is thus established. We report on thermodynamical (temperature, entropy, mass and tension along the compact dimension) and geometrical measurements. Most interestingly, for large masses (close to the Gregory-Laflamme critical mass) the scheme destabilizes. We interpret this as evidence for an approach to a physical tachyonic instability. Using extrapolation we speculate that the system undergoes a first order phase transition.Comment: 42 pages, 19 eps figures; v2: 3 references added, version to appear in Phys.Rev.

Network synchronization of groups

In this paper we study synchronized motions in complex networks in which there are distinct groups of nodes where the dynamical systems on each node within a group are the same but are different for nodes in different groups. Both continuous time and discrete time systems are considered. We initially focus on the case where two groups are present and the network has bipartite topology (i.e., links exist between nodes in different groups but not between nodes in the same group). We also show that group synchronous motions are compatible with more general network topologies, where there are also connections within the groups

Stable non-uniform black strings below the critical dimension

The higher-dimensional vacuum Einstein equation admits translationally non-uniform black string solutions. It has been argued that infinitesimally non-uniform black strings should be unstable in 13 or fewer dimensions and otherwise stable. We construct numerically non-uniform black string solutions in 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 dimensions. Their stability is investigated using local Penrose inequalities. Weakly non-uniform solutions behave as expected. However, in 12 and 13 dimensions, strongly non-uniform solutions appear to be stable and can have greater horizon area than a uniform string of the same mass. In 14 and 15 dimensions all non-uniform black strings appear to be stable.Comment: 26 pages, 11 figures. V2: reference added, matches published versio

Hall effect and geometric phases in Josephson junction arrays

Since effectively the local contact vortex velocity dependent part of the Magnus force in a Josephson junction array is zero in the classical limit, we predict zero classical Hall effect. In the quantum limit because of the geometric phases due to the finite superfluid density at superconductor grains, rich and complex Hall effect is found in this quantum regime due to the Thouless-Kohmoto-Nightingale-den-Nijs effect

Post-ISCO Ringdown Amplitudes in Extreme Mass Ratio Inspiral

An extreme mass ratio inspiral consists of two parts: adiabatic inspiral and plunge. The plunge trajectory from the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) is special (somewhat independent of initial conditions). We write an expression for its solution in closed-form and for the emitted waveform. In particular we extract an expression for the associated black-hole ringdown amplitudes, and evaluate them numerically.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figures. v4: added section with numerical evaluation of the ringdown amplitude