Mixing of fermion fields of opposite parities and baryon resonances

We consider a loop mixing of two fermion fields of opposite parities whereas the parity is conserved in a Lagrangian. Such kind of mixing is specific for fermions and has no analogy in boson case. Possible applications of this effect may be related with physics of baryon resonances. The obtained matrix propagator defines a pair of unitary partial amplitudes which describe the production of resonances of spin $J$ and different parity ${1/2}^{\pm}$ or ${3/2}^{\pm}$. The use of our amplitudes for joint description of $\pi N$ partial waves $P_{13}$ and $D_{13}$ shows that the discussed effect is clearly seen in these partial waves as the specific form of interference between resonance and background. Another interesting application of this effect may be a pair of partial waves $S_{11}$ and $P_{11}$ where the picture is more complicated due to presence of several resonance states.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figures, more detailed comparison with \pi N PW

Профессиональная подготовка выпускников российских вузов в условиях интернационализации: теоретические и практические аспекты

Nowadays processes of internationalization cover all spheres of human activity. The intensification of these processes in the modern educational space requires developing new content and educational methods that will be aimed at preparing graduates both for professional and life-sustaining activities at this historical stage of development. The aim of this article was determined by the necessity to analyze the theoretical and practical aspects of vocational training of university graduates in the context of internationalization. The authors used the system method as the main one. To understand and clarify the essence and prerequisites of the internationalization of the educational process at the university at the present stage, the authors turned to general logical research methods and techniques. To identify and justify the general and distinctive features and properties of the content and organization of the educational process, based on the principles of internationalization, the structural and functional analysis principles were used. The analysis of theoretical aspects of internationalization in higher education suggests that this process is characterized by the inclusion of an international component in existing curricula and programs, international academic mobility, and the creation of strategic educational alliances. The article notes that there are several approaches to understanding and defining the processes of internationalization in higher education. It is revealed that at the moment the views of foreign and Russian scientists on the processes of internationalization in higher education differ. The authors find it logical that the main focus of work at the present stage should be on evaluating the content and organization of the educational process in Russian universities, taking into account various aspects of internationalization and also in terms of their importance for improving the quality of professional training of a university graduate. The authors conclude that the preparation of a modern, mobile specialist, demanded and competitive, is impossible without effective teaching of a foreign language. The current trend in teaching foreign languages is associated with the increased integration of a language and particular subject area. A positive point is the strengthening of interdepartmental cooperation, which, ultimately, «works» for the CLIL concept implementation (subject-language integration) in the vocational training of university graduates.Процессы интернационализации в настоящее время охватывают все сферы жизнедеятельности человека. В связи с усилением этих процессов в современном образовательном пространстве появляется необходимость в разработке нового содержания и методов образования, которые будут нацелены на подготовку выпускников к профессиональной деятельности и жизнедеятельности с учетом требований данного исторического этапа развития. Необходимость анализа теоретических и практических аспектов профессиональной подготовки выпускников вузов в условиях интернационализации обусловила цель нашей статьи. В качестве основного авторами был использован системный метод. Для понимания и уточнения сущности и предпосылок интернационализации образовательного процесса в вузе на современном этапе авторы обратились к общелогическим методам и приемам исследования. Для выявления и обоснования общих и отличительных признаков и свойств содержания и организации образовательного процесса, базирующегося на принципах интернационализации, использовались принципы структурно-функционального анализа. Анализ теоретических аспектов интернационализации в сфере высшего образования позволяет говорить о том, что данный процесс характеризуется включением международного компонента в имеющиеся учебные планы и программы, международной академической мобильностью, созданием стратегических образовательных альянсов. В статье отмечается, что существует несколько подходов к пониманию и определению процессов интернационализации в высшем образовании. Выявлено, что в настоящий момент взгляды зарубежных и российских ученых на процессы интернационализации в высшем образовании различаются. Авторы видят логичным то, что основным направлением работы на современном этапе должна стать оценка содержания и организации образовательного процесса в российских вузах с учетом различных аспектов интернационализации, а также с точки зрения их значения для повышения качества профессиональной подготовки выпускника вуза. Авторы заключают, что подготовка современного, мобильного специалиста, востребованного и конкурентоспособного невозможна без эффективного обучения иностранному языку. Современная тенденция в преподавании иностранных языков связана с усилением интеграции языка и определенной предметной области. Положительным моментом является укрепление межкафедрального взаимодействия, что в конечном итоге «работает» на реализацию концепции CLIL (предметно-языковой интеграции) в профессиональной подготовке выпускников вуза

Формирование метакомпетенций студентов вуза в процессе научно-исследовательской работы на иностранном языке

This work is an attempt to generalize the theory and practice of the formation of metacompetencies of university students interpreted as the basis that remains in the sub subject position and determines the effectiveness of further self-realization of a university graduate in a certain professional field of activity. The necessity to analyze the theoretical and practical aspects of this activity has affected the purpose of the study. The authors use the systematic method as the main one. To understand and clarify the essence and prerequisites for the formation of metacompetencies of university students in the process of research work in foreign language at the present stage, the authors use general logical research methods and techniques. The current paper identifies and justifies the common and distinctive features and peculiarities of the content and organization of research work in foreign language applying the principles of structural-functional analysis. The results of a pedagogical experiment conducted at the Siberian Transport University aimed at studying the influence of research work in a foreign language on the formation of students» metacompetencies are presented. A model of organization of students» research work has been proposed, which includes the levels ofperception, analysis and synthesis of scientific information. The study reveals the content of each of the levels of organization of students» research work. The authors pay special attention to the formation of academic writing skills that are necessary for increasing of the publication activity of various groups of researches who take into account international rules and norms, as well as the skills ofpublic scientific presentation in a foreign language, allowing to present the results of the study at the international level. The authors conclude that modeling the process of students» research work has allowed to systematize and generalize the requirements for its organization, taking in consideration relevant international requirements for the content of report, the design of scientific articles in a foreign language, the specific features ofpeer-re-viewed papers, the ranking of scientific journals, and indicators of the publication activity of students and organizations.Работа представляет собой попытку обобщения теории и практики формирования метакомпетенций студентов вуза, которые трактуются авторами данного исследования как над-предметные базисы, определяющие результативность дальнейшей самореализации выпускника вуза в определенной профессиональной сфере деятельности. Необходимость анализа теоретических и практических аспектов этой деятельности обусловила цель данной статьи. В качестве основного авторами был использован системный метод. Для понимания и уточнения сущности и предпосылок формирования метакомпетенций студентов вуза в процессе научно-исследовательской работы на иностранном языке на современном этапе авторы обратились к общелогическим методам и приемам исследования. Для выявления и обоснования общих и отличительных признаков и свойств содержания и организации научно-исследовательской работы на иностранном языке, использовались принципы структурно-функционального анализа. Приводятся результаты педагогического эксперимента, проведенного в Сибирском государственном университете путей сообщения, направленного на изучение влияния научно-исследовательской работы на иностранном языке на формирование метакомпетенций студентов. Предложена модель организации научно-исследовательской работы студентов, включающая уровни восприятия, анализа и синтеза научной информации. Раскрывается содержание каждого из уровней организации научно-исследовательской работы студентов. Особое внимание авторами уделено формированию навыков академического письма, необходимых для повышения публикационной активности различных групп исследователей с учетом международных правил и норм, а также навыков публичного научного выступления на иностранном языке, позволяющих представлять результаты исследования на международном уровне. Авторы заключают, что моделирование процесса научно-исследовательской работы студентов позволило систематизировать и обобщить рекомендации к ее организации с учетом актуальных международных требований к содержанию доклада, оформлению научных статей на иностранном языке, специфики рецензирования работ и ранжирования научных журналов, показателей публикационной деятельности ученых, организаций

ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ ГЕОМЕТРИИ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ИНСТРУМЕНТА ПРИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ НИЗКОТЕМПЕРАТУРНЫХ СВЕРХПРОВОДНИКОВ ДЛЯ ИТЭР

There was offered method of definition for optimal geometry with regard to drawing tool by drawing of bimetal and trimetal billets. Out of minimum condition for drawing stress were obtained dependences for determine of optimal angle of taper for drawing tool. These dependences provide minimal drawing stress and minimal energy inputs by bimetal and trimetal billets production.Предложена методика определения оптимальной геометрии волочильного инструмента при волочении биметаллической и триметаллической заготовок. Из условия минимума напряжения волочения получены зависимости для определения оптимальных углов конусности волочильного инструмента, обеспечивающие минимальные значения напряжения волочения и наименьшее энергетические затраты при производстве биметаллических и триметаллических изделий

Neuropsychiatric symptoms in at-risk groups for AD dementia and their association with worry and AD biomarkers—results from the DELCODE study

Background: Early identification of individuals at risk of dementia is mandatory to implement prevention strategies and design clinical trials that target early disease stages. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) have been proposed as potential markers for early manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We aimed to investigate the frequency of NPS in SCD, in other at-risk groups, in healthy controls (CO), and in AD patients, and to test the association of NPS with AD biomarkers, with a particular focus on cognitively unimpaired participants with or without SCD-related worries. / Methods: We analyzed data of n = 687 participants from the German DZNE Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (DELCODE) study, including the diagnostic groups SCD (n = 242), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 115), AD (n = 77), CO (n = 209), and first-degree relatives of AD patients (REL, n = 44). The Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI-SF) were used to assess NPS. We examined differences of NPS frequency between diagnostic groups. Logistic regression analyses were carried out to further investigate the relationship between NPS and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers, focusing on a subsample of cognitively unimpaired participants (SCD, REL, and CO), who were further differentiated based on reported worries. / Results: The numbers of reported NPS, depression scores, and anxiety scores were significantly higher in subjects with SCD compared to CO. The quantity of reported NPS in subjects with SCD was lower compared to the MCI and AD group. In cognitively unimpaired subjects with worries, low Aß42 was associated with higher rates of reporting two or more NPS (OR 0.998, 95% CI 0.996–1.000, p < .05). / Conclusion: These findings give insight into the prevalence of NPS in different diagnostic groups, including SCD and healthy controls. NPS based on informant report seem to be associated with underlying AD pathology in cognitively unimpaired participants who worry about cognitive decline. / Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00007966. Registered 4 May 2015

ГЛУБИННОЕ СТРОЕНИЕ ПЕРЕХОДНОЙ ЗОНЫ СИБИРСКАЯ ПЛАТФОРМА – ЦЕНТРАЛЬНО-АЗИАТСКИЙ ПОДВИЖНЫЙ ПОЯС ПО ТЕЛЕСЕЙСМИЧЕСКИМ ДАННЫМ

Deep velocity sections of the transition zone from the Siberian platform to the Central Asian mobile belt are constructed by teleseismic tomography and P-receiver function techniques. An array of the dense ancient Siberian craton is identified in the velocity sections with areas of high seismic velocity. In the SSW section MOBAL_2003, the surface boundary of the craton corresponds to the southern margin of the Siberian platform and is nearly vertical to a depth of 120 km. At larger depths, the craton slides almost horizontally underneath the Tunka rift area. At depths from 150 to 250 km, it is in contact with the area under the Khamar-Daban mountain range. In the southeast, according to the SE velocity section PASSCAL_1992 across the South Baikal basin and the Khamar-Daban mountain range, the Siberian craton thickness is reduced from 270 to 150 km at the contact of the Siberian platform with the Baikal folded area. In this contact zone, the upper part of the craton is wedge-shaped and has an angle of about 45° with the ground surface; it completely tapers off at a depth of 150 km to the east of Lake Baikal. The vertical configuration of the southern segment of the Siberian craton, which evolved with time, may determine the nature of the Baikal rifting in the Cenozoic. По скоростным разрезам, построенным методами телесейсмической томографии и продольной приемной функции, найдены особенности вертикальной конфигурации юга Сибирского кратона, влияющие на Байкальский рифтогенез. Кратон ассоциируется с выявленными на моделях областями повышенной сейсмической скорости. На юго-юго-западном разрезе MOBAL_2003 граница кратона на поверхности соответствует южной окраине Сибирской платформы и до глубины 120 км близка к вертикали. Глубже кратон почти горизонтально уходит под Тункинский рифт, достигая подножия Хамар-Дабана в интервале глубин 150–250 км. На юго-востоке вертикальная конфигурация границы кратона выявляется по форме высокоскоростной аномалии разреза PASSCAL_1992, пересекающего Южнобайкальскую впадину и Хамар-Дабан. Мощность аномалии, свидетельствующей о более высокоскоростной и плотной среде, на контакте Сибирской платформы с Байкальской складчатой областью уменьшается от 270 до 150 км. В районе контакта высокоскоростная аномалия принимает форму клина, который под углом около 45° задвигается от дневной поверхности под озеро Байкал и на глубине 150 км выклинивается восточнее озера.

Centering inclusivity in the design of online conferences: An OHBM-Open Science perspective

As the global health crisis unfolded, many academic conferences moved online in 2020. This move has been hailed as a positive step towards inclusivity in its attenuation of economic, physical, and legal barriers and effectively enabled many individuals from groups that have traditionally been underrepresented to join and participate. A number of studies have outlined how moving online made it possible to gather a more global community and has increased opportunities for individuals with various constraints, e.g., caregiving responsibilities. Yet, the mere existence of online conferences is no guarantee that everyone can attend and participate meaningfully. In fact, many elements of an online conference are still significant barriers to truly diverse participation: the tools used can be inaccessible for some individuals; the scheduling choices can favour some geographical locations; the set-up of the conference can provide more visibility to well-established researchers and reduce opportunities for early-career researchers. While acknowledging the benefits of an online setting, especially for individuals who have traditionally been underrepresented or excluded, we recognize that fostering social justice requires inclusivity to actively be centered in every aspect of online conference design. Here, we draw from the literature and from our own experiences to identify practices that purposefully encourage a diverse community to attend, participate in, and lead online conferences. Reflecting on how to design more inclusive online events is especially important as multiple scientific organizations have announced that they will continue offering an online version of their event when in-person conferences can resume

Midlife occupational cognitive requirements protect cognitive function in old age by increasing cognitive reserve

INTRODUCTION: Several lifestyle factors promote protection against Alzheimer's disease (AD) throughout a person's lifespan. Although such protective effects have been described for occupational cognitive requirements (OCR) in midlife, it is currently unknown whether they are conveyed by brain maintenance (BM), brain reserve (BR), or cognitive reserve (CR) or a combination of them. METHODS: We systematically derived hypotheses for these resilience concepts and tested them in the population-based AgeCoDe cohort and memory clinic-based AD high-risk DELCODE study. The OCR score (OCRS) was measured using job activities based on the O*NET occupational classification system. Four sets of analyses were conducted: (1) the interaction of OCR and APOE-e4 with regard to cognitive decline (N = 2,369, AgeCoDe), (2) association with differentially shaped retrospective trajectories before the onset of dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT; N = 474, AgeCoDe), (3) cross-sectional interaction of the OCR and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers and brain structural measures regarding memory function (N = 873, DELCODE), and (4) cross-sectional and longitudinal association of OCR with CSF AD biomarkers and brain structural measures (N = 873, DELCODE). RESULTS: Regarding (1), higher OCRS was associated with a reduced association of APOE-e4 with cognitive decline (mean follow-up = 6.03 years), consistent with CR and BR. Regarding (2), high OCRS was associated with a later onset but subsequently stronger cognitive decline in individuals converting to DAT, consistent with CR. Regarding (3), higher OCRS was associated with a weaker association of the CSF Aß42/40 ratio and hippocampal volume with memory function, consistent with CR. Regarding (4), OCR was not associated with the levels or changes in CSF AD biomarkers (mean follow-up = 2.61 years). We found a cross-sectional, age-independent association of OCRS with some MRI markers, but no association with 1-year-change. OCR was not associated with the intracranial volume. These results are not completely consistent with those of BR or BM. DISCUSSION: Our results support the link between OCR and CR. Promoting and seeking complex and stimulating work conditions in midlife could therefore contribute to increased resistance to pathologies in old age and might complement prevention measures aimed at reducing pathology