108 research outputs found
Clinical and Morphological Manifestations of Gastritis and Serum Cytokine Levels in Schoolchildren with Familial History of Gastric Cancer
Aim. A study of the clinical and morphological traits and cytokine profile of gastritis in schoolchildren with familial history of gastric cancer.Materials and methods. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in Siberian regions (Tuva, Even-kiya, Aginskiy Buryat National District, Krasnoyarsk). A total of 3,343 schoolchildren aged 7–17 were surveyed for gastrointestinal complaints and history of gastric cancer in their 1st–2nd degree kindred. Oesophagogastroduo-denoscopy (OGDS) with gastric mucosa biopsy were performed in 463 respondents with complaints. Gastritis was graded in the Sydney classification. Serum cytokine levels (IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-18, IL-1β, IFN-α, TNM-α) were obtained in enzyme immunoassays (ELISA).Results. Schoolchildren with gastritis and familial history of gastric cancer revealed a higher 59.8% rate of dyspeptic complaints vs. 40.8% in negative history (p = 0.001), as well as complaints of weekly heartburn in 14.2 and 8.3% cas-es (p = 0.019), respectively. In positive history and negative H. pylori tests, the cell immune response regulator IL-18 37 was revealed elevated in histology. In histologically verified H. pylori, no cross-cohort differences were observed in serum IL-18 by positive familial history of gastric cancer.Conclusion. Gastritis in schoolchildren with familial predisposition to gastric cancer more often associates with GERD and dyspepsia usually presented in postprandial distress syndrome. The cytokine regulation properties of gastritis in schoolchildren with familial history of gastric cancer have been reported
Uniformization and an Index Theorem for Elliptic Operators Associated with Diffeomorphisms of a Manifold
We consider the index problem for a wide class of nonlocal elliptic operators
on a smooth closed manifold, namely differential operators with shifts induced
by the action of an isometric diffeomorphism. The key to the solution is the
method of uniformization: We assign to the nonlocal problem a
pseudodifferential operator with the same index, acting in sections of an
infinite-dimensional vector bundle on a compact manifold. We then determine the
index in terms of topological invariants of the symbol, using the Atiyah-Singer
index theorem.Comment: 16 pages, no figure
Pathophysiological disorders in iron metabolism in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome
Obesity and metabolic syndrome are one of the major public health problems in the 21st century due to their prevalence. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, chronic inflammation and anemia are non-communicable diseases accompanying obesity. With obesity, there is a violation of iron metabolism, iron deficiency, which further contributes to the development of metabolic disorders. Iron is the second most abundant metal on Earth, and its bioavailability is reduced due to the formation of insoluble oxides, while iron deficiency is the most common nutritional disorder. Iron metabolism in the body is associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species involved in lipid peroxidation processes. Iron metabolism in the human body is regulated at all levels; dysregulation of any stage of metabolism can lead to iron deficiency and the development of anemia associated with obesity. This review article summarizes data on molecular and cellular abnormalities in iron metabolism in obesity and metabolic syndrome. The aim of our study was to study, according to the literature, pathophysiological disorders in iron metabolism in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. In the future, more research is required to study iron metabolism in obesity with the aim of their preventive and therapeutic effects. The role of oxidative stress in impaired iron metabolism in obesity has not been fully studied, while iron deficiency enhances lipid peroxidation processes in antioxidant deficiency. Under these conditions, oxidative stress can damage cells and destroy red blood cells. The question arises whether the restoration of iron homeostasis in obesity can improve metabolic, inflammatory disorders and reduce the manifestation of oxidative stress, becoming a new innovative approach to the treatment of concomitant metabolic diseases associated with obesity
New aspects of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
The aim of review. To analyze modern data on pathogenesis and principles of treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Key points. Now concepts on genetic determinants of NAFLD and diagnostics methods develop rapidly. Treatment of NAFLD consists in application of graduated physical activity, diet modification, weight loss, application of insulin sensitizers, cytoprotective agents and antioxidants.Conclusion. Prompt development of approaches to NAFLD requires enhanced attention of medical experts to this issue
Uninvestigated Dyspepsia and Heartburn Overlap Syndrome at Industrial Hub of Eastern Siberia
Aim. A study of the overlap syndrome of uninvestigated dyspepsia and heartburn at an industrial hub city of Eastern Siberia.Materials and methods. A total of 1,382 subjects (684 men and 698 women, mean age 40.6 years) were randomly selected and examined for the central district of Krasnoyarsk. The clinical check-up and interviewing results were registered with a standard questionnaire. Heartburn was diagnosed as per the Montreal Consensus. Since no endoscopic patient examination had been performed, dyspepsia was assumed uninvestigated. Dyspepsia was diagnosed as per the Rome IV criteria. The study conduction complied with ethical standards. Each participant signed an informed examination consent, in accordance to the regulations by the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki. The survey data were analysed with common statistical methods.Results. Heartburn, uninvestigated dyspepsia and their overlap syndrome had prevalence of 12.4, 21.1 and 5% in study population, respectively. Uninvestigated dyspepsia was registered in 40.4% patients with and 18.4% — without heartburn (p < 0.001). The risk factors of overlap syndrome were age >40 years (p = 0.002), obesity (p = 0.002), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and/or aspirin intake (p = 0.004) and tobacco smoking (p = 0.007). Among total patients with the heartburn/uninvestigated dyspepsia overlap syndrome, only 33.3% systemically had proton pump inhibitors, and only 17.4% had a prokinetic therapy.Conclusion. The heartburn/uninvestigated dyspepsia overlap syndrome is an actual issue in the Krasnoyarsk population. Attention is warranted to this problem to optimise treatment and prevention measures
Prevalence and risk factors of irritable bowel syndrome in Irkutsk
Introduction. The study of the problem of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in recent years has been very dynamic. In the Rome IV criteria, new criteria for the diagnosis of this pathology were proposed. Along with the existence of ethnic and geographic differences, this has led to an increase in the activity of studies on the prevalence of IBS.Aim. To study the prevalence and risk factors of irritable bowel syndrome in Irkutsk.Materials and methods. A single-stage observational non-randomized study was performed on the basis of three medical institutions in Irkutsk. Interviewing and clinical examination were performed in 1 529 people: 724 men and 805 women, average age 51.0 years. The questionnaire contained questions to determine the presence of alarm symptoms. The diagnosis of IBS was based on the Rome IV criteria. IBS with a predominance of diarrhea, IBS with a predominance of constipation and mixed and undifferentiated IBS were distinguished. Taking into account the position of the Rome IV criteria and the recommendations of the American College of Gastroenterology (2021), we used a positive diagnosis of IBS in our study and did not perform an instrumental examination of patients.Results. The prevalence of IBS was 12.3%. Among the subtypes of IBS, IBS prevailed with a predominance of constipation (prevalence 5.7%) and IBS of mixed and undifferentiated type (prevalence 4.6%). Risk factors for IBS were female sex (OR = 0.73; CI 0.53-0.99; p = 0.05), age over 50 years (OR = 0.66; CI 0.48-0.90; p = 0.01) and obesity (OR = 0.46; CI 0.31-0.69; p < 0.001). Risk factors for IBS with a predominance of constipation were female sex (OR = 0.46; CI 0.29-0.73; p = 0.001), age over 50 years (OR = 0.46; CI 0.29-0.73; p = 0.001) and obesity (OR = 0.41; CI 0.23-0.72; p = 0.002).Conclusions. In general, our results are consistent with data from other regions of the world. It should be emphasized that the prevalence of IBS in Irkutsk is quite high, which requires careful attention to this problem
Diagonalizing operators over continuous fields of C*-algebras
It is well known that in the commutative case, i.e. for being a
commutative C*-algebra, compact selfadjoint operators acting on the Hilbert
C*-module (= continuous families of such operators , ) can
be diagonalized if we pass to a bigger W*-algebra which can be obtained from by completing it with respect to the weak
topology. Unlike the "eigenvectors", which have coordinates from , the
"eigenvalues" are continuous, i.e. lie in the C*-algebra . We discuss here
the non-commutative analog of this well-known fact. Here the "eigenvalues" are
defined not uniquely but in some cases they can also be taken from the initial
C*-algebra instead of the bigger W*-algebra. We prove here that such is the
case for some continuous fields of real rank zero C*-algebras over a
one-dimensional manifold and give an example of a C*-algebra for which the
"eigenvalues" cannot be chosen from , i.e. are discontinuous. The main point
of the proof is connected with a problem on almost commuting operators. We
prove that for some C*-algebras if is a selfadjoint, is a
unitary and if the norm of their commutant is small enough then one can
connect with the unity by a path so that the norm of
would be also small along this path.Comment: 21 pages, LaTeX 2.09, no figure
Prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastroduodenal erosions and ulcers and their association with the family predisposition to peptic ulcer disease in Siberian schoolchildren
The aim is to study the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastroduodenal erosions and ulcers and their association with a family predisposition for ulcer disease in Siberian schoolchildren. Material and methods. We have examined schoolchildren aged 7–17 years in three regions of Siberia (Republic of Tyva, Evenkia and Buryatia) in localities identical to their socio-economic level. Data collected using a cross-sectional method using standardized questionnaires on the presence of gastroenterological complaints and information about ulcer disease of relatives in the 1st and 2nd generations in 1535 schoolchildren in Tuva, 790 in Buryatia and 1369 in Evenkia. Diagnosis of GERD was based on the presence of complaints of heartburn, in accordance with international consensus in the pediatric population. We performed gastroscopy randomly method in each region at schoolchildren with gastrointestinal complaints (283 children in Tyva, 110 in Buryatia, 205 in Evenkia). Results. There was an increase in the GERD frequency among Siberian children with anamnesis data on the presence of peptic ulcer in relatives (9.9 and 5.9 %, respectively, p = 0.0025). The most unfavorable situation has been observed in the population of schoolchildren of the Republic of Tuva (10.6 % with a burdened history and 9.3 % without it, p = 0.5389). We have not revealed the significant increase of gastroduodenal erosions and ulcers in children with a poor family history of peptic ulcer disease (12.6 and 10.4 %, respectively, p = 0.5263), including Tuva schoolchildren where they were more often detected. The GERD association with erosive ulcerative process in the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum was ambiguous and had population (regional) features in schoolchildren with a burdened family history of peptic ulcer disease. Conclusion. Siberian schoolchildren with a family predisposition to peptic ulcer disease have certain regional features in the association of gastroduodenal erosions and ulcers with GERD
Groupoids and an index theorem for conical pseudo-manifolds
We define an analytical index map and a topological index map for conical
pseudomanifolds. These constructions generalize the analogous constructions
used by Atiyah and Singer in the proof of their topological index theorem for a
smooth, compact manifold . A main ingredient is a non-commutative algebra
that plays in our setting the role of . We prove a Thom isomorphism
between non-commutative algebras which gives a new example of wrong way
functoriality in -theory. We then give a new proof of the Atiyah-Singer
index theorem using deformation groupoids and show how it generalizes to
conical pseudomanifolds. We thus prove a topological index theorem for conical
pseudomanifolds
Homology and K--Theory Methods for Classes of Branes Wrapping Nontrivial Cycles
We apply some methods of homology and K-theory to special classes of branes
wrapping homologically nontrivial cycles. We treat the classification of
four-geometries in terms of compact stabilizers (by analogy with Thurston's
classification of three-geometries) and derive the K-amenability of Lie groups
associated with locally symmetric spaces listed in this case. More complicated
examples of T-duality and topology change from fluxes are also considered. We
analyse D-branes and fluxes in type II string theory on with torsion flux and demonstrate in details
the conjectured T-duality to with no flux. In the
simple case of , T-dualizing the circles reduces to
duality between with
flux and with no flux.Comment: 27 pages, tex file, no figure
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