Опыт нейросетевой диагностики и прогнозирования язвенной болезни по результатам анализа факторов риска

Aim. To develop and verify a method for diagnosis of peptic ulcer based on neural network analysis of data on patients’ risk factors.Materials and methods. This article presents the results of a study based on materials on risk factors of 488 patients. The data was analyzed using internally developed artificial neural network (Certificate of State Registration of Program for Computers (RU) no. 2017613090).The results of the study. The proposed approach demonstrated the levels of sensitivity of 74.4%, m = 4.3 and specificity of 93.3%, m = 2.46 during clinical testing.The prediction of the age of probable hospitalization ensured the generation of an array of data for which the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of the prognosis was 1.8 years, m = 0.11 in the training set and 1.9 years,  m = 0.15 in the clinical testing set. The maximum of absolute prognosis error in the clinical testing set did not exceed 2.2 at p = 0.95 and 2.3 years at p = 0.99.Conclusion.  A new method is proposed for diagnosis of peptic ulcer based on a neural network analysis of data on patients’ risk factors. During clinical testing of the model, this approach demonstrated Area Under the Curve (AUC) levels reaching 0.943. The use of the artificial neural network also made it possible to predict the age of probable hospitalization. The use of the neural network demonstrated additional advantages including: non-invasiveness, the lack of need to prepare the patient for the study and the possibility to obtain results immediately after the onset of the disease without a time delay for sample processing.Цель. Разработать и верифицировать способ диагностики язвенной болезни, основывающийся на нейросетевом анализе данных о факторах риска больного.Материалы и методы. В статье приводятся результаты исследования, проведенного по материалам 488 больных, посвященного изучению возможности диагностики и прогнозирования язвенной болезни, основывающейся на нейросетевом анализе данных о факторах риска с применением искусственной нейронной сети собственной разработки (свидетельство № 2017613090).Результаты. В ходе клинической апробации данный подход продемонстрировал уровни чувствительности 74,4%, m = 4,3 и специфичности – 93,3%, m = 2,46.Прогнозирование возраста вероятной госпитализации обеспечило генерацию массива данных, показатель средней абсолютной ошибки (mean absolute error, MAE) прогноза которого составил 1,8 года,  m = 0,11 для обучающей группы и 1,9 года, m = 0,15 для группы клинической апробации. Модуль ошибки прогноза в группе клинической апробации не превысит 2,2 (p = 0,95) и 2,3 года (p = 0,99) соответственно.Заключение. Предложен новый способ диагностики язвенной болезни, основывающийся на нейросетевом анализе данных о факторах риска больного. В ходе клинической апробации данный подход продемонстрировал уровни AUC, достигающие 0,943. Применение искусственной нейронной сети позволило также прогнозировать возраст вероятной госпитализации. Применение нейросети также обладало дополнительными преимуществами, в том числе неинвазивностью, отсутствием необходимости подготовки больного к исследованию, возможностью получения результатов сразу после возникновения заболевания, отсутствием временно́й задержки на обработку материала

The current state of the issue of using cone beam computed tomography in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal diseases

The high incidence rate and wide range of musculoskeletal pathologies determine the improvement of the diagnostic process. Late diagnosis leads to complications, which in turn increase the percentage of disability. Therefore, the search for the most informative method with the least radiation load on the patient remains an urgent problem for radiologists. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a modern and  promising technique that has already found wide application in dentistry and otorhinolaryngology. Among the advantages of CBCT are: three-dimensional image; high spatial resolution; low radiation dose. Thanks to technical improvements in equipment and the introduction of new image processing protocols, it has become possible to expand the indications for conducting the researches, including the researches based on imaging of the upper and lower extremities. Based on the results of a CBCT study, we can evaluate: the shape and contour of the bone; solution of continuity of the bone and malposition of bone fragments; the structure of bone tissue and  the  pathological processes occurring in it (destruction, osteoporosis, osteosclerosis); joint congruence and changes in  articular surfaces surrounding soft tissues. Therefore, CBCT can be introduced into the diagnostic process of bones and joints diseases. The use of this technique will find wide application in traumatology and orthopedics (fractures, dislocations, post-traumatic deformities, aseptic necrosis, osteoarthritis), rheumatology (rheumatoid arthritis, polyarthropathy, juvenile arthritis, gout), surgery (osteomyelitis), oncology (benign and malignant bone tumors) both in the adult population and in pediatric practice. This paper presents a review of the literature, which examines the degree of development of the issue of using CBCT and describes study protocols and protocols for processing the obtained images in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal diseases

Feeding Blueberry Diets in Early Life Prevent Senescence of Osteoblasts and Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Adult Female Rats

Appropriate nutrition during early development is essential for maximal bone mass accretion; however, linkage between early nutrition, childhood bone mass, peak bone mass in adulthood, and prevention of bone loss later in life has not been studied.In this report, we show that feeding a high quality diet supplemented with blueberries (BB) to pre-pubertal rats throughout development or only between postnatal day 20 (PND20) and PND34 prevented ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss in adult life. This protective effect of BB is due to suppression of osteoblastic cell senescence associated with acute loss of myosin expression after OVX. Early exposure of pre-osteoblasts to serum from BB-fed rats was found to consistently increase myosin expression. This led to maintenance osteoblastic cell development and differentiation and delay of cellular entrance into senescence through regulation of the Runx2 gene. High bone turnover after OVX results in insufficient collagenous matrix support for new osteoblasts and their precursors to express myosin and other cytoskeletal elements required for osteoblast activity and differentiation.These results indicate: 1) a significant prevention of OVX-induced bone loss from adult rats can occur with only 14 days consumption of a BB-containing diet immediately prior to puberty; and 2) the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects involves increased myosin production which stimulates osteoblast differentiation and reduces mesenchymal stromal cell senescence

Molecular modeling of a tandem two pore domain potassium channel reveals a putative binding Site for general anesthetics

[Image: see text] Anesthetics are thought to mediate a portion of their activity via binding to and modulation of potassium channels. In particular, tandem pore potassium channels (K2P) are transmembrane ion channels whose current is modulated by the presence of general anesthetics and whose genetic absence has been shown to confer a level of anesthetic resistance. While the exact molecular structure of all K2P forms remains unknown, significant progress has been made toward understanding their structure and interactions with anesthetics via the methods of molecular modeling, coupled with the recently released higher resolution structures of homologous potassium channels to act as templates. Such models reveal the convergence of amino acid regions that are known to modulate anesthetic activity onto a common three- dimensional cavity that forms a putative anesthetic binding site. The model successfully predicts additional important residues that are also involved in the putative binding site as validated by the results of suggested experimental mutations. Such a model can now be used to further predict other amino acid residues that may be intimately involved in the target-based structure–activity relationships that are necessary for anesthetic binding

A Subset of Osteoblasts Expressing High Endogenous Levels of PPARγ Switches Fate to Adipocytes in the Rat Calvaria Cell Culture Model

Understanding fate choice and fate switching between the osteoblast lineage (ObL) and adipocyte lineage (AdL) is important to understand both the developmental inter-relationships between osteoblasts and adipocytes and the impact of changes in fate allocation between the two lineages in normal aging and certain diseases. The goal of this study was to determine when during lineage progression ObL cells are susceptible to an AdL fate switch by activation of endogenous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma.Multiple rat calvaria cells within the ObL developmental hierarchy were isolated by either fractionation on the basis of expression of alkaline phosphatase or retrospective identification of single cell-derived colonies, and treated with BRL-49653 (BRL), a synthetic ligand for PPARgamma. About 30% of the total single cell-derived colonies expressed adipogenic potential (defined cytochemically) when BRL was present. Profiling of ObL and AdL markers by qRT-PCR on amplified cRNA from over 160 colonies revealed that BRL-dependent adipogenic potential correlated with endogenous PPARgamma mRNA levels. Unexpectedly, a significant subset of relatively mature ObL cells exhibited osteo-adipogenic bipotentiality. Western blotting and immunocytochemistry confirmed that ObL cells co-expressed multiple mesenchymal lineage determinants (runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), PPARgamma, Sox9 and MyoD which localized in the cytoplasm initially, and only Runx2 translocated to the nucleus during ObL progression. Notably, however, some cells exhibited both PPARgamma and Runx2 nuclear labeling with concomitant upregulation of expression of their target genes with BRL treatment.We conclude that not only immature but a subset of relatively mature ObL cells characterized by relatively high levels of endogenous PPARgamma expression can be switched to the AdL. The fact that some ObL cells maintain capacity for adipogenic fate selection even at relatively mature developmental stages implies an unexpected plasticity with important implications in normal and pathological bone development

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha agonist fenofibrate maintains bone mass, while the PPAR gamma agonist pioglitazone exaggerates bone loss, in ovariectomized rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma is associated with bone loss and increased fracture risk, while PPARalpha activation seems to have positive skeletal effects. To further explore these effects we have examined the effect of the PPARalpha agonists fenofibrate and Wyeth 14643, and the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone, on bone mineral density (BMD), bone architecture and biomechanical strength in ovariectomized rats.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Fifty-five female Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to five groups. One group was sham-operated and given vehicle (methylcellulose), the other groups were ovariectomized and given vehicle, fenofibrate, Wyeth 14643 and pioglitazone, respectively, daily for four months. Whole body and femoral BMD were measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and biomechanical testing of femurs, and micro-computed tomography (microCT) of the femoral shaft and head, were performed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Whole body and femoral BMD were significantly higher in sham controls and ovariectomized animals given fenofibrate, compared to ovariectomized controls. Ovariectomized rats given Wyeth 14643, maintained whole body BMD at sham levels, while rats on pioglitazone had lower whole body and femoral BMD, impaired bone quality and less mechanical strength compared to sham and ovariectomized controls. In contrast, cortical volume, trabecular bone volume and thickness, and endocortical volume were maintained at sham levels in rats given fenofibrate.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The PPARalpha agonist fenofibrate, and to a lesser extent the PPARaplha agonist Wyeth 14643, maintained BMD and bone architecture at sham levels, while the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone exaggerated bone loss and negatively affected bone architecture, in ovariectomized rats.</p

Experience of neuronet diagnosis and prediction of peptic ulcer disease by results of risk factors’ analysis

Aim. To develop and verify a method for diagnosis of peptic ulcer based on neural network analysis of data on patients’ risk factors.Materials and methods. This article presents the results of a study based on materials on risk factors of 488 patients. The data was analyzed using internally developed artificial neural network (Certificate of State Registration of Program for Computers (RU) no. 2017613090).The results of the study. The proposed approach demonstrated the levels of sensitivity of 74.4%, m = 4.3 and specificity of 93.3%, m = 2.46 during clinical testing.The prediction of the age of probable hospitalization ensured the generation of an array of data for which the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of the prognosis was 1.8 years, m = 0.11 in the training set and 1.9 years,  m = 0.15 in the clinical testing set. The maximum of absolute prognosis error in the clinical testing set did not exceed 2.2 at p = 0.95 and 2.3 years at p = 0.99.Conclusion.  A new method is proposed for diagnosis of peptic ulcer based on a neural network analysis of data on patients’ risk factors. During clinical testing of the model, this approach demonstrated Area Under the Curve (AUC) levels reaching 0.943. The use of the artificial neural network also made it possible to predict the age of probable hospitalization. The use of the neural network demonstrated additional advantages including: non-invasiveness, the lack of need to prepare the patient for the study and the possibility to obtain results immediately after the onset of the disease without a time delay for sample processing