11 research outputs found

    К обоснованию ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² Π·Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΡƒΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… эффСктивности

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    Impact of cereal crops yield on the actual strow content in heap mass was studied. Its distribution interval is from 0.6 to 1.2 in the range of yields from 3 to 12 t/ha. Regularity of strow content decline and productivity increase at the same time is confirmed by the Cochran criterion (its estimated value of 0.56 is less than the table one of 0.62). A strow content low facilitates the harvesters’ operation. The required for the operation process harvesters engine power is different depending on schemes of threshing-separating machine with the rotary and beater threshing drums. The authors proved adequacy of the obtained mathematical models of dependence of the engine power from harvester delivery capacity. For the combines with classical technological scheme the calculated value of Fisher criterion is 0.75. For combines with an axial rotary threshing-separating device the table value of 0.8 criterion is also higher than the estimated one of 0.66.The obtained results of the required power calculations at various methodological approaches were close to results convergence exceeding 10 percent, which confirms objectivity of them. The technological and economic efficiency of the rotary harvesters compared with classical scheme is better. It is obtained due to the higher specific bandwidth, low grain crushing and micro damage. If a harvester has the threshing-separating device with axial rotor scheme, so grain crushing is much less(no more than 0.5-0.6 percent), which also improves economic parameters. But at operation of combines with the classical scheme the share of broken grain makes 4-6 percent that sharply raises indirect losses of a harvest. We recommend when the combine fleet renovation ΡˆΡ‚ agricultural enterprises to introduce 1.5-2 times high-performance harvesters with axial rotor scheme.ИсслСдовали влияниС уроТайности Π·Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… колосовых ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€ Π½Π° Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ…Π»Π΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠΉ массы. УстановлСн ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π²Π°Π» Π΅Π΅ распрСдСлСния 0,6-1,2 Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ уроТайности 3-12 Ρ‚/Π³Π°. ΠžΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ сниТСния соломистости с ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ уроТайности подтвСрТдаСтся ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠšΠΎΡ…Ρ€Π΅Π½Π° (Π΅Π³ΠΎ расчСтноС Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 0,56 мСньшС Ρ‚Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ 0,62). Π‘Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ соломистости ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π³Ρ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΠΉ процСсс ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ². УстановлСна Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° процСсс Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½Π° мощности двигатСля для Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… тСхнологичСских схСм ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… устройств с Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΈ Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π±Π°Ρ€Π°Π±Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π”ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… матСматичСских ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ зависимости мощности двигатСля ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½Π° ΠΎΡ‚ Π΅Π³ΠΎ пропускной способности. Для ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ² классичСской тСхнологичСской схСмы расчСтноС Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ критСрия Π€ΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ€Π° 0,75 мСньшС Ρ‚Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ 0,77. Для ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ² с аксиально-Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ устройством Ρ‚Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ критСрия 0,8 Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ расчСтноС 0,66. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ расчСтов ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠΉ мощности двигатСля ΠΏΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ мСтодичСским ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΡΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΡƒΡŽ 10 ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ. ΠŸΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ тСхнологичСская ΠΈ экономичСская ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΡƒΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ классичСской схСмы, вслСдствиС Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ высокой ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ пропускной способности ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½Π°, мСньшСй Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅ дроблСния ΠΈ микроповрСТдСния Π·Π΅Ρ€Π½Π°. Установили, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρƒ Π·Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΡƒΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ² с аксиально-Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ схСмой ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… устройств Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π΅Ρ€Π½Π° составляСт Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 0,5-0,6 ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π°, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΈΡ… экономичСскиС ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ. Π’ Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ врСмя Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ² с классичСской схСмой доля Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π΅Ρ€Π½Π° составляСт 4-6 ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ долю косвСнных ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡŒ уроТая. Показали, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»ΡŒΡ…ΠΎΠ·ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΈΠΉ цСлСсообразно Π²Π½Π΅Π΄Ρ€ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π²Ρ‹ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½Ρ‹ с аксиально-Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ схСмой

    Π Π΅ΡΡƒΡ€ΡΠΎΡΠ±Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π³Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡˆΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡ‹ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΊΡƒΠΊΡƒΡ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΎΡƒΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… машин

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    Russian agrarian can increase corn production and not depend on import if they get more yield and reduce losses at all stages of a harvest cycle. A unified complex of modern highly effective, resource-saving technologies and technical means of harvesting and postharvest processing of corn is for this purpose necessary. The authors offered a concept of multilevel system approach to interconnected functioning of all subsystems of corn production (from harvesting to crop processing and storage) by criterion of resource-saving. Resource-saving technologies of harvesting of ear corn with thresh in a field and with getting of corn and corn cob mix. The minimum of cumulative expenses of energy when harvesting ear corn (1005.3 megajoule per tonne) is provided by technology with use of a self-propelled picker-husker. For harvesting with ear corn thresh in the field the rational technology (724.4 megajoule per tonne) includes harvesting by the combine with an axial and rotor threshing mechanism on the basis of new constructive and technological decisions. The most effective technology is corn harvesting with use on a forage corn and corn cob mix (638.5 megajoule per tonne). The authors developed a block scheme and mathematical model of optimization of parameters and operating modes of technical means. As a result of optimization modernization of the corn harvester provided decrease in energy consumption from 260.4 to 228.2 megajoule per tonne, or by 12.4 percent; increase of combine capacity from 3.4 to 4.6 ha/h, or by 1,4 times, improvement of grain output Π°ΠΊΡ‰ΡŒ 12.3 to 14.7 kg/s, or by 1.2 times. Optimum parameters of the unit: width of capture of a harvester made 8.4 m, the working speed of the movement - 6,6 km/h, the mass of the combine - 18180 kg, engine capacity - 224.8 kW, optimum terms of harvesting of grain corn - 8 days.Π£Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ производство ΠΊΡƒΠΊΡƒΡ€ΡƒΠ·Ρ‹ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, Ссли ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π΅Π΅ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ Π½Π° всСх этапах ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°. Для этого Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ‹ соврСмСнныС высокоэффСктивныС Ρ€Π΅ΡΡƒΡ€ΡΠΎΡΠ±Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π³Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ тСхничСскиС срСдства ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ послСуборочной ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΠΊΡƒΡ€ΡƒΠ·Ρ‹ Π² Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ комплСксС. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ систСмного ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ взаимоувязанному Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ всСх подсистСм производствСнных процСссов Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΠΊΡƒΡ€ΡƒΠ·Ρ‹ (ΠΎΡ‚ ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ хранСния уроТая) ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡŽ рСсурсосбСрСТСния. Обосновали Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ примСнСния Ρ€Π΅ΡΡƒΡ€ΡΠΎΡΠ±Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π³Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΠΊΡƒΡ€ΡƒΠ·Ρ‹ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Ρ… с ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ ΠΈ с ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ зСрностСрТнСвой смСси. Выявили, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠΌ совокупных Π·Π°Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ энСргии ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡƒΠΊΡƒΡ€ΡƒΠ·Ρ‹ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Ρ… (1005,3 ΠœΠ”ΠΆ/Ρ‚) обСспСчиваСт тСхнология с использованиСм самоходного ΠΏΠΈΠΊΠΊΠ΅Ρ€-хСскСра. Показали, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ для ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΠΊΡƒΡ€ΡƒΠ·Ρ‹ с ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ (724,4 ΠœΠ”ΠΆ/Ρ‚) Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ тСхнология Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΊΡƒ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΌ с аксиально-Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ устройством Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… конструктивно-тСхнологичСских Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Выявили Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡƒΠΊΡƒΡ€ΡƒΠ·Ρ‹ - с использованиСм Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΌ зСрностСрТнСвой смСси (638,5 ΠœΠ”ΠΆ/Ρ‚). Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΡƒΡŽ схСму ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ модСль ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ тСхничСских срСдств. Установили, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ модСрнизация ΠΊΡƒΠΊΡƒΡ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΎΡƒΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π³Ρ€Π΅Π³Π°Ρ‚Π° обСспСчила сниТСниС энСргозатрат с 260,4 Π΄ΠΎ 228,2 ΠœΠ”ΠΆ/Ρ‚, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° 12,4 ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π°; ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½Π° - с 3,4 Π΄ΠΎ 4,6 Π³Π°/Ρ‡, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² 1,4 Ρ€Π°Π·Π°, пропускной способности - с 12,3 Π΄ΠΎ 14,7 ΠΊΠ³/с, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² 1,2 Ρ€Π°Π·Π°. ΠžΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ‹ Π°Π³Ρ€Π΅Π³Π°Ρ‚Π°: ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π° Π·Π°Ρ…Π²Π°Ρ‚Π° ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ составила 8,4 ΠΌ, рабочая ΡΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ двиТСния - 6,6 ΠΊΠΌ/Ρ‡, масса ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½Π° - 18180 ΠΊΠ³, ΠΌΠΎΡ‰Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ двигатСля - 224,8 ΠΊΠ’Ρ‚, ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ сроки ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΠΊΡƒΡ€ΡƒΠ·Ρ‹ Π½Π° Π·Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎ - 8 Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ

    REVISITED GRAIN HARVESTERS PARAMETERS SUBSTATIATION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF THEM

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    Impact of cereal crops yield on the actual strow content in heap mass was studied. Its distribution interval is from 0.6 to 1.2 in the range of yields from 3 to 12 t/ha. Regularity of strow content decline and productivity increase at the same time is confirmed by the Cochran criterion (its estimated value of 0.56 is less than the table one of 0.62). A strow content low facilitates the harvesters’ operation. The required for the operation process harvesters engine power is different depending on schemes of threshing-separating machine with the rotary and beater threshing drums. The authors proved adequacy of the obtained mathematical models of dependence of the engine power from harvester delivery capacity. For the combines with classical technological scheme the calculated value of Fisher criterion is 0.75. For combines with an axial rotary threshing-separating device the table value of 0.8 criterion is also higher than the estimated one of 0.66.The obtained results of the required power calculations at various methodological approaches were close to results convergence exceeding 10 percent, which confirms objectivity of them. The technological and economic efficiency of the rotary harvesters compared with classical scheme is better. It is obtained due to the higher specific bandwidth, low grain crushing and micro damage. If a harvester has the threshing-separating device with axial rotor scheme, so grain crushing is much less(no more than 0.5-0.6 percent), which also improves economic parameters. But at operation of combines with the classical scheme the share of broken grain makes 4-6 percent that sharply raises indirect losses of a harvest. We recommend when the combine fleet renovation ΡˆΡ‚ agricultural enterprises to introduce 1.5-2 times high-performance harvesters with axial rotor scheme

    Optimization of parameters of resource-saving machine technologies and operating modes of corn harvesters

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    Russian agrarian can increase corn production and not depend on import if they get more yield and reduce losses at all stages of a harvest cycle. A unified complex of modern highly effective, resource-saving technologies and technical means of harvesting and postharvest processing of corn is for this purpose necessary. The authors offered a concept of multilevel system approach to interconnected functioning of all subsystems of corn production (from harvesting to crop processing and storage) by criterion of resource-saving. Resource-saving technologies of harvesting of ear corn with thresh in a field and with getting of corn and corn cob mix. The minimum of cumulative expenses of energy when harvesting ear corn (1005.3 megajoule per tonne) is provided by technology with use of a self-propelled picker-husker. For harvesting with ear corn thresh in the field the rational technology (724.4 megajoule per tonne) includes harvesting by the combine with an axial and rotor threshing mechanism on the basis of new constructive and technological decisions. The most effective technology is corn harvesting with use on a forage corn and corn cob mix (638.5 megajoule per tonne). The authors developed a block scheme and mathematical model of optimization of parameters and operating modes of technical means. As a result of optimization modernization of the corn harvester provided decrease in energy consumption from 260.4 to 228.2 megajoule per tonne, or by 12.4 percent; increase of combine capacity from 3.4 to 4.6 ha/h, or by 1,4 times, improvement of grain output Π°ΠΊΡ‰ΡŒ 12.3 to 14.7 kg/s, or by 1.2 times. Optimum parameters of the unit: width of capture of a harvester made 8.4 m, the working speed of the movement - 6,6 km/h, the mass of the combine - 18180 kg, engine capacity - 224.8 kW, optimum terms of harvesting of grain corn - 8 days

    Violation of the vascular platelet hemostasis as a risk factor of primary open-angle glaucoma progression

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    Purpose: to study the vascular platelet hemostasis parameters in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).PatientsΒ and methods: ophthalmic examination, plasma level of spontaneous and induced platelet aggregation and von WillebrandΒ factor (vWF) were performed in 67 patients with high pressure glaucoma (HPG), 41 patients had normal tensionΒ glaucoma (NTG) and 38 were in control group. Period of study was 36 months. The statistical analysis includedΒ standard methods of variation statistics. The threshold P value for statistical significance was 0.05.Results: plateletΒ aggregation was increased in glaucoma (adrenalin-induced aggregation in HPG was 63,34 %Β±20,42 %, Ρ€ = 0,043, in NTGΒ 62,35 %Β±11,53 %, Ρ€ = 0,047, in comparison with control group β€” 49,71 %Β±15,96 %; ristocetin-induced aggregation in HPGΒ was 79,45 %Β±28,63 %, Ρ€ = 0,015, in NTG 68,98 %Β±12,42 %, Ρ€ = 0,022, and in control group 53,56 %Β±8,80 % accordingly); theΒ mean level of vWF was increased in HPG (113,25 %Β±24,31 %, Ρ€ = 0,009) and NTG (106,85 %Β±21,02 %, Ρ€ = 0,012) in comparisonwith control group (93,86 %Β±17,13 %). Patients with normal level of vWF did not have a progression of glaucoma opticalΒ neuropathy. Patients with normalized level of vWF under treatment had significant improvement of MD in 6 monthsΒ (from –4,916Β±5,121 to –4,103Β±4,658, Ρ€ = 0,037) and were stable in the further follow up period. Patients with increasedΒ level of vWF had deterioration of MD in 36 months (from –4,616dBΒ±8,426 dB to –5,974dBΒ±8,852 dB, Ρ€ = 0,042), increaseΒ of cup / disk ratio (from 0,59Β±0,21 to 0,66Β±0,24, Ρ€ = 0,041) and thinning of average RNFL according to HRT and OCT (fromΒ 0,21Β±0,09 ΞΌm to 0,17Β±0,08 ΞΌm, Ρ€ = 0,04; from 74,37Β±15,34 ΞΌm to 69,44Β±15,12 ΞΌm, Ρ€ = 0,04).Conclusion. The obtainedΒ results indicate the importance of the vascular platelet hemostasis in POAG pathogenesis and the perspectives of itsΒ correction in glaucoma treatment

    Glaucoma Optic Neuropathy Progression: the Results of Long-Term Follow-Up

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    Purpose: to investigate the average speed and risk factors for the glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) progression during longtermΒ observation. Patients and methods. The 10-year data of 750 patients were analyzed. The average GON progression rate wasΒ calculated on the basis of perimetry and optical coherent tomography data. Further, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria 128Β patients were included into the group of retrospective analysis. Resultes. The following risk factors were established: initial cornealcompensatedΒ IOP (IOPcc) > 23.6 mm Hg (AUC 0.7), IOPcc after 5 years > 19.8 mm Hg (AUC 0.83), age > 69.5 years (AUC 0.6),Β corneal hysteresis < 9.9 mm Hg (AUC 0.6) and retinal nerve fiber layer < 92 ΞΌm (AUC 0.6). Patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome,Β and patients taking systemic calcium channel blockers (p = 0.01) also had the higher risk of GON progression. Its rate was lower inΒ patients with arterial hypertension (p = 0.015), and in patients who received prostaglandin analogues (risk was 5 times reduced, p =Β 0.04) and fixed combinations (risk was 2 times reduced, p = 0.018). IOPcc of higher than 17.6 mm Hg in the long-term period is theΒ most pronounced risk factor for the progression of GON. It was determined that the average ROP of glaucoma progression amongΒ the patients was 0.6 dB/year for ROP1, 0.62 Β± 1.09 ΞΌm/year for ROP2 and 0.95 Β± 3.28 ΞΌm/year for ROP3, also each 1 dB/yearΒ decrease in photosensitivity (in group with glaucoma progression) was associated with further loss of RNFL (3.9 Β΅m/year). Conclusion.Β The use of prostaglandin analogues and fixed combinations reduces this risk

    Investigation of the influence of riboflavin-UV induced crosslinking on the cornea in the experiment

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    Purpose: Morphological examination of the efficiency of the influence of various doses of riboflavin-UV induced crosslinking on the state of the corneal stroma in experimental animals.Methods: In the work were used rabbits males breed Chinchilla mass of 1.5-2.0 kg. the experiment was conducted on 20 eyes of 10 animals, which performed the routine crosslinking. Experimental animals, depending on the power UV-laser irradiation, were divided into 4 groups: the animals of the 1 group with the minimum intensity of radiation (30 minutes, 0.27 J), animals 2 group with medium intensity of radiation (15 minutes, 0.34 J)), animals 3 groups with high intensity of radiation (30 minutes, 0.34 J)), the control group 4 (without UV-radiation). Date of dynamic observation of the experimental animals was 5 days, after which the animals were taken out of the experiment. Morphological investigations were carried out by means of light and electron microscopy.Results: In groups of experimental animals with the impact of riboflavin UV-radiation in the stroma of the cornea were found the appearance of the areas of cross-stitched collagen fibers and fibrils. In the zone of the crosslinking were found activated keratoblasts.Near the membranes of these cells the contents of the vacuoles are released and filaments finish building of the collagen fibers. the epithelium of the corneas of all experimental animals recovered fully, with no morphological signs of endothelial damage has been found. Electron-microscopic investigation of stroma of corneas of the experimental animals of the control group after the experiment showed the presence of keratocytes in an inactive form and collagen fibers of stroma, packed in the form of plates or beams with a characteristic orientation.Conclusion: Studies have shown that UV-irradiation of the cornea leads to the appearance of linking between the fibers of collagen and actively synthesizing cells in the stroma of the cornea, which points to a possible stimulation of collagen producing processes. When in excess of the threshold values of the energy of the UV-irradiation we have not identified any morphological signs of damage of the endothelial layer of the cornea

    Autonomic innervation of the cardio-vascular system in normal tension glaucoma patients

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    Purpose: to determine whether there is any difference in autonomic innervation of the cardio-vascular system in normal tension glaucoma (NtG) patients and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients.Methods: 30 NtG patients, 30 POAG patients and 22 control group patients underwent photoplethysmography following cold provocation testing. Several parameters showing cardio-vascular innervation have been evaluated and compared in three groups.Results: the three selected parameters demonstrated the dominance of the sympathetic nervous system over parasympathetic nervous system in both glaucoma groups (NtG and POAG) and not in the control group. In contrast to POAG and the control group, the NtG patients showed strong increase in sympathetic nervous system activity following the cold provocation test.Conclusion: Our studies revealed the dominance of sympathetic innervation in glaucoma patients in general. the cold provocationtest results strongly suggest primary vascular dysregulation in NtG patients
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