11 research outputs found
Π ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
Impact of cereal crops yield on the actual strow content in heap mass was studied. Its distribution interval is from 0.6 to 1.2 in the range of yields from 3 to 12 t/ha. Regularity of strow content decline and productivity increase at the same time is confirmed by the Cochran criterion (its estimated value of 0.56 is less than the table one of 0.62). A strow content low facilitates the harvestersβ operation. The required for the operation process harvesters engine power is different depending on schemes of threshing-separating machine with the rotary and beater threshing drums. The authors proved adequacy of the obtained mathematical models of dependence of the engine power from harvester delivery capacity. For the combines with classical technological scheme the calculated value of Fisher criterion is 0.75. For combines with an axial rotary threshing-separating device the table value of 0.8 criterion is also higher than the estimated one of 0.66.The obtained results of the required power calculations at various methodological approaches were close to results convergence exceeding 10 percent, which confirms objectivity of them. The technological and economic efficiency of the rotary harvesters compared with classical scheme is better. It is obtained due to the higher specific bandwidth, low grain crushing and micro damage. If a harvester has the threshing-separating device with axial rotor scheme, so grain crushing is much less(no more than 0.5-0.6 percent), which also improves economic parameters. But at operation of combines with the classical scheme the share of broken grain makes 4-6 percent that sharply raises indirect losses of a harvest. We recommend when the combine fleet renovation ΡΡ agricultural enterprises to introduce 1.5-2 times high-performance harvesters with axial rotor scheme.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ
Π»Π΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π» Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ 0,6-1,2 Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ 3-12 Ρ/Π³Π°. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½Π° (Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 0,56 ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ 0,62). Π‘Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ². Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½Π° ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² Ρ Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π±Π°ΡΠ°Π±Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½Π° ΠΎΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ Π€ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° 0,75 ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ 0,77. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ² Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ 0,8 ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ 0,66. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΡΡ ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ 10 ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ, Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½Π°, ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅ Π΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π°. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Ρ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ² Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² Π΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 0,5-0,6 ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ. Π ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ 4-6 ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½Ρ Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ
Π Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ·ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½
Russian agrarian can increase corn production and not depend on import if they get more yield and reduce losses at all stages of a harvest cycle. A unified complex of modern highly effective, resource-saving technologies and technical means of harvesting and postharvest processing of corn is for this purpose necessary. The authors offered a concept of multilevel system approach to interconnected functioning of all subsystems of corn production (from harvesting to crop processing and storage) by criterion of resource-saving. Resource-saving technologies of harvesting of ear corn with thresh in a field and with getting of corn and corn cob mix. The minimum of cumulative expenses of energy when harvesting ear corn (1005.3 megajoule per tonne) is provided by technology with use of a self-propelled picker-husker. For harvesting with ear corn thresh in the field the rational technology (724.4 megajoule per tonne) includes harvesting by the combine with an axial and rotor threshing mechanism on the basis of new constructive and technological decisions. The most effective technology is corn harvesting with use on a forage corn and corn cob mix (638.5 megajoule per tonne). The authors developed a block scheme and mathematical model of optimization of parameters and operating modes of technical means. As a result of optimization modernization of the corn harvester provided decrease in energy consumption from 260.4 to 228.2 megajoule per tonne, or by 12.4 percent; increase of combine capacity from 3.4 to 4.6 ha/h, or by 1,4 times, improvement of grain output Π°ΠΊΡΡ 12.3 to 14.7 kg/s, or by 1.2 times. Optimum parameters of the unit: width of capture of a harvester made 8.4 m, the working speed of the movement - 6,6 km/h, the mass of the combine - 18180 kg, engine capacity - 224.8 kW, optimum terms of harvesting of grain corn - 8 days.Π£Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ·Ρ Π² Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ·Ρ (ΠΎΡ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Ρ) ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ·Ρ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΆΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ·Ρ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
(1005,3 ΠΠΠΆ/Ρ) ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΠΊΠΊΠ΅Ρ-Ρ
Π΅ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ·Ρ Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ (724,4 ΠΠΠΆ/Ρ) ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ·Ρ - Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΆΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ (638,5 ΠΠΠΆ/Ρ). Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ². Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ·ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ·Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ Ρ 260,4 Π΄ΠΎ 228,2 ΠΠΠΆ/Ρ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° 12,4 ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°; ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½Π° - Ρ 3,4 Π΄ΠΎ 4,6 Π³Π°/Ρ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² 1,4 ΡΠ°Π·Π°, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ - Ρ 12,3 Π΄ΠΎ 14,7 ΠΊΠ³/Ρ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² 1,2 ΡΠ°Π·Π°. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠ°: ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π·Π°Ρ
Π²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° 8,4 ΠΌ, ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ - 6,6 ΠΊΠΌ/Ρ, ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½Π° - 18180 ΠΊΠ³, ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ - 224,8 ΠΊΠΡ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ·Ρ Π½Π° Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ - 8 Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ
REVISITED GRAIN HARVESTERS PARAMETERS SUBSTATIATION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF THEM
Impact of cereal crops yield on the actual strow content in heap mass was studied. Its distribution interval is from 0.6 to 1.2 in the range of yields from 3 to 12 t/ha. Regularity of strow content decline and productivity increase at the same time is confirmed by the Cochran criterion (its estimated value of 0.56 is less than the table one of 0.62). A strow content low facilitates the harvestersβ operation. The required for the operation process harvesters engine power is different depending on schemes of threshing-separating machine with the rotary and beater threshing drums. The authors proved adequacy of the obtained mathematical models of dependence of the engine power from harvester delivery capacity. For the combines with classical technological scheme the calculated value of Fisher criterion is 0.75. For combines with an axial rotary threshing-separating device the table value of 0.8 criterion is also higher than the estimated one of 0.66.The obtained results of the required power calculations at various methodological approaches were close to results convergence exceeding 10 percent, which confirms objectivity of them. The technological and economic efficiency of the rotary harvesters compared with classical scheme is better. It is obtained due to the higher specific bandwidth, low grain crushing and micro damage. If a harvester has the threshing-separating device with axial rotor scheme, so grain crushing is much less(no more than 0.5-0.6 percent), which also improves economic parameters. But at operation of combines with the classical scheme the share of broken grain makes 4-6 percent that sharply raises indirect losses of a harvest. We recommend when the combine fleet renovation ΡΡ agricultural enterprises to introduce 1.5-2 times high-performance harvesters with axial rotor scheme
Optimization of parameters of resource-saving machine technologies and operating modes of corn harvesters
Russian agrarian can increase corn production and not depend on import if they get more yield and reduce losses at all stages of a harvest cycle. A unified complex of modern highly effective, resource-saving technologies and technical means of harvesting and postharvest processing of corn is for this purpose necessary. The authors offered a concept of multilevel system approach to interconnected functioning of all subsystems of corn production (from harvesting to crop processing and storage) by criterion of resource-saving. Resource-saving technologies of harvesting of ear corn with thresh in a field and with getting of corn and corn cob mix. The minimum of cumulative expenses of energy when harvesting ear corn (1005.3 megajoule per tonne) is provided by technology with use of a self-propelled picker-husker. For harvesting with ear corn thresh in the field the rational technology (724.4 megajoule per tonne) includes harvesting by the combine with an axial and rotor threshing mechanism on the basis of new constructive and technological decisions. The most effective technology is corn harvesting with use on a forage corn and corn cob mix (638.5 megajoule per tonne). The authors developed a block scheme and mathematical model of optimization of parameters and operating modes of technical means. As a result of optimization modernization of the corn harvester provided decrease in energy consumption from 260.4 to 228.2 megajoule per tonne, or by 12.4 percent; increase of combine capacity from 3.4 to 4.6 ha/h, or by 1,4 times, improvement of grain output Π°ΠΊΡΡ 12.3 to 14.7 kg/s, or by 1.2 times. Optimum parameters of the unit: width of capture of a harvester made 8.4 m, the working speed of the movement - 6,6 km/h, the mass of the combine - 18180 kg, engine capacity - 224.8 kW, optimum terms of harvesting of grain corn - 8 days
Violation of the vascular platelet hemostasis as a risk factor of primary open-angle glaucoma progression
Purpose: to study the vascular platelet hemostasis parameters in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).PatientsΒ and methods: ophthalmic examination, plasma level of spontaneous and induced platelet aggregation and von WillebrandΒ factor (vWF) were performed in 67 patients with high pressure glaucoma (HPG), 41 patients had normal tensionΒ glaucoma (NTG) and 38 were in control group. Period of study was 36 months. The statistical analysis includedΒ standard methods of variation statistics. The threshold P value for statistical significance was 0.05.Results: plateletΒ aggregation was increased in glaucoma (adrenalin-induced aggregation in HPG was 63,34 %Β±20,42 %, Ρ = 0,043, in NTGΒ 62,35 %Β±11,53 %, Ρ = 0,047, in comparison with control group β 49,71 %Β±15,96 %; ristocetin-induced aggregation in HPGΒ was 79,45 %Β±28,63 %, Ρ = 0,015, in NTG 68,98 %Β±12,42 %, Ρ = 0,022, and in control group 53,56 %Β±8,80 % accordingly); theΒ mean level of vWF was increased in HPG (113,25 %Β±24,31 %, Ρ = 0,009) and NTG (106,85 %Β±21,02 %, Ρ = 0,012) in comparisonwith control group (93,86 %Β±17,13 %). Patients with normal level of vWF did not have a progression of glaucoma opticalΒ neuropathy. Patients with normalized level of vWF under treatment had significant improvement of MD in 6 monthsΒ (from β4,916Β±5,121 to β4,103Β±4,658, Ρ = 0,037) and were stable in the further follow up period. Patients with increasedΒ level of vWF had deterioration of MD in 36 months (from β4,616dBΒ±8,426 dB to β5,974dBΒ±8,852 dB, Ρ = 0,042), increaseΒ of cup / disk ratio (from 0,59Β±0,21 to 0,66Β±0,24, Ρ = 0,041) and thinning of average RNFL according to HRT and OCT (fromΒ 0,21Β±0,09 ΞΌm to 0,17Β±0,08 ΞΌm, Ρ = 0,04; from 74,37Β±15,34 ΞΌm to 69,44Β±15,12 ΞΌm, Ρ = 0,04).Conclusion. The obtainedΒ results indicate the importance of the vascular platelet hemostasis in POAG pathogenesis and the perspectives of itsΒ correction in glaucoma treatment
Glaucoma Optic Neuropathy Progression: the Results of Long-Term Follow-Up
Purpose: to investigate the average speed and risk factors for the glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) progression during longtermΒ observation. Patients and methods. The 10-year data of 750 patients were analyzed. The average GON progression rate wasΒ calculated on the basis of perimetry and optical coherent tomography data. Further, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria 128Β patients were included into the group of retrospective analysis. Resultes. The following risk factors were established: initial cornealcompensatedΒ IOP (IOPcc) > 23.6 mm Hg (AUC 0.7), IOPcc after 5 years > 19.8 mm Hg (AUC 0.83), age > 69.5 years (AUC 0.6),Β corneal hysteresis < 9.9 mm Hg (AUC 0.6) and retinal nerve fiber layer < 92 ΞΌm (AUC 0.6). Patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome,Β and patients taking systemic calcium channel blockers (p = 0.01) also had the higher risk of GON progression. Its rate was lower inΒ patients with arterial hypertension (p = 0.015), and in patients who received prostaglandin analogues (risk was 5 times reduced, p =Β 0.04) and fixed combinations (risk was 2 times reduced, p = 0.018). IOPcc of higher than 17.6 mm Hg in the long-term period is theΒ most pronounced risk factor for the progression of GON. It was determined that the average ROP of glaucoma progression amongΒ the patients was 0.6 dB/year for ROP1, 0.62 Β± 1.09 ΞΌm/year for ROP2 and 0.95 Β± 3.28 ΞΌm/year for ROP3, also each 1 dB/yearΒ decrease in photosensitivity (in group with glaucoma progression) was associated with further loss of RNFL (3.9 Β΅m/year). Conclusion.Β The use of prostaglandin analogues and fixed combinations reduces this risk
Investigation of the influence of riboflavin-UV induced crosslinking on the cornea in the experiment
Purpose: Morphological examination of the efficiency of the influence of various doses of riboflavin-UV induced crosslinking on the state of the corneal stroma in experimental animals.Methods: In the work were used rabbits males breed Chinchilla mass of 1.5-2.0 kg. the experiment was conducted on 20 eyes of 10 animals, which performed the routine crosslinking. Experimental animals, depending on the power UV-laser irradiation, were divided into 4 groups: the animals of the 1 group with the minimum intensity of radiation (30 minutes, 0.27 J), animals 2 group with medium intensity of radiation (15 minutes, 0.34 J)), animals 3 groups with high intensity of radiation (30 minutes, 0.34 J)), the control group 4 (without UV-radiation). Date of dynamic observation of the experimental animals was 5 days, after which the animals were taken out of the experiment. Morphological investigations were carried out by means of light and electron microscopy.Results: In groups of experimental animals with the impact of riboflavin UV-radiation in the stroma of the cornea were found the appearance of the areas of cross-stitched collagen fibers and fibrils. In the zone of the crosslinking were found activated keratoblasts.Near the membranes of these cells the contents of the vacuoles are released and filaments finish building of the collagen fibers. the epithelium of the corneas of all experimental animals recovered fully, with no morphological signs of endothelial damage has been found. Electron-microscopic investigation of stroma of corneas of the experimental animals of the control group after the experiment showed the presence of keratocytes in an inactive form and collagen fibers of stroma, packed in the form of plates or beams with a characteristic orientation.Conclusion: Studies have shown that UV-irradiation of the cornea leads to the appearance of linking between the fibers of collagen and actively synthesizing cells in the stroma of the cornea, which points to a possible stimulation of collagen producing processes. When in excess of the threshold values of the energy of the UV-irradiation we have not identified any morphological signs of damage of the endothelial layer of the cornea
Autonomic innervation of the cardio-vascular system in normal tension glaucoma patients
Purpose: to determine whether there is any difference in autonomic innervation of the cardio-vascular system in normal tension glaucoma (NtG) patients and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients.Methods: 30 NtG patients, 30 POAG patients and 22 control group patients underwent photoplethysmography following cold provocation testing. Several parameters showing cardio-vascular innervation have been evaluated and compared in three groups.Results: the three selected parameters demonstrated the dominance of the sympathetic nervous system over parasympathetic nervous system in both glaucoma groups (NtG and POAG) and not in the control group. In contrast to POAG and the control group, the NtG patients showed strong increase in sympathetic nervous system activity following the cold provocation test.Conclusion: Our studies revealed the dominance of sympathetic innervation in glaucoma patients in general. the cold provocationtest results strongly suggest primary vascular dysregulation in NtG patients