2 research outputs found

    НСкоторыС особСнности создания ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡˆΠΈΠΏΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΡƒΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡˆΠΏΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° основС ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ трСния скольТСния

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    In mechanical engineering, various types of bearing units are used in moving connections and sliding pairs (sliding bearings, guides, bushings) are sufficiently widely used. This allows increasing the stiffness of the units, reducing their dimensions, improving heat dissipation, etc. But there are higher friction losses, probability in the increases of situations in which there is a jamming of friction surfaces for application of sliding friction pairs compared to the rolling bearings. These problems are even more important for application of sliding bearings in precision equipment, which typically operates under temperature and humidity stabilized conditions. The aim of the work is the development of methodological approaches to the creation and rational design and manufacture of sliding friction pairs based on the composite antifriction materials’ coatings for the application in vertical precision program-controlled electrospindles for high-speed machining. Questions of development and manufacturing of friction units for precision electrospindles with high rigidity on the basis of composite materials are considered. It is shown that acceptable cutting speed (750 m/min or more) for the quality standpoint of processing with a diamond-like tool can be achieved by placing the cutting edge of the tool on diameter of 200 mm. As a result, two tasks solved: the rigidity of the electrospindle for ultra-high accuracy of mechanical blade processing is achieved; high smoothness of work is provided, which allows achieving nanometric surface roughness with a decrease of deviations to 1 Β΅m from the middle surface line. It is extremely important for a number of special applications.Π’ ΠΌΠ°ΡˆΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… соСдинСниях ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΡ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡˆΠΈΠΏΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΡƒΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΠΌ достаточно ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎ – ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‹ скольТСния (подшипники скольТСния, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅, Π²Ρ‚ΡƒΠ»ΠΊΠΈ). Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ позволяСт ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡ‚ΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΡƒΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ², ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡ… Π³Π°Π±Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹, ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ сниТСниС ΡˆΡƒΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ. Однако Π² рядС случаСв ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ использовании ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ трСния скольТСния Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ высокиС ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с подшипниками качСния ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ Π½Π° Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ возникновСния ситуаций, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° происходит Π·Π°Π΅Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ трущихся повСрхностСй. Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ эти ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ подшипников скольТСния Π² ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ стабилизированных ΠΏΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅ ΠΈ влаТности Π²Π½Π΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΈΡ… условиях. ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ исслСдований являлась Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° мСтодичСских ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ созданию ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ трСния скольТСния Π½Π° основС примСнСния ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„Ρ€ΠΈΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… Π² Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-управляСмых ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡˆΠΏΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ… для скоростной мСханичСской ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ. РассмотрСны вопросы Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ создания ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡˆΠΈΠΏΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΡƒΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡˆΠΏΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ТСсткости с ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ трСния скольТСния Π½Π° основС ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ². Π”ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ‹ подшипников скольТСния ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ достаточно большими, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ позволяСт Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈΠ³Π½ΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ свСрхвысокой точности мСханичСской ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ наномСтричСской ΡˆΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ повСрхности. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ с ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΉ качСства ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ Π°Π»ΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ инструмСнтом скорости рСзания (750 ΠΌ/ΠΌΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅) ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ достигнуты ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠΊΠΈ инструмСнта Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅ 200 ΠΌΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ позволяСт ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π² конструкции шпиндСля смазываСмыС подшипники скольТСния. ВслСдствиС этого комплСксно Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π΄Π²Π΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ: достигаСтся нСобходимая для свСрхвысокой точности мСханичСской Π»Π΅Π·Π²ΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡ‚ΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡˆΠΏΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ; обСспСчиваСтся высокая ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‰Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΡŒ наномСтричСской ΡˆΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ повСрхности ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ сниТСнии ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΎ 1 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ ΠΎΡ‚ срСднСй Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ повСрхности, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² совокупности Ρ‡Ρ€Π΅Π·Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ для ряда ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ

    НСкоторыС особСнности создания ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡˆΠΈΠΏΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΡƒΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡˆΠΏΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° основС ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ трСния скольТСния

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    Various types of bearing units are used for movable connections in mechanical engineering, and sliding pairs (sliding bearings, guides, bushings) are rather widely applied for this purpose. This allows increasing stiffness of units to reduce their dimensions, to improve heat dissipation and ensure reduction in noise and vibration. However in some cases while using a sliding friction pair higher friction losses occur in comparison with ball bearings and probability is increasing for situations when there is a jamming of friction surfaces. These problems have great significance for application of sliding bearings in precision equipment, which typically operates under stabilized temperature and humidity conditions. So an aim of the investigations is to develop methodological approaches for creation and rational design and manufacture of sliding friction pairs based on application of coatings formed of composite antifriction materials which are used in vertical precision program-controlled electro-spindles for high-speed machining. The paper considers issues pertaining to development and creation of friction units for precision electro-spindles of high rigidity with sliding friction pairs on the basis of composite materials. Diameters of sliding bearings can be rather large that makes it possible to obtain the required super-high accuracy in mechanical processing and nanometric roughness of the machined surface. A cutting speed (750 m/min or more) which is acceptable with regard to quality of machining by a diamond-like tool can be achieved by placing a cutting edge of the tool on diameter of 200 mm. Such approach permits to use lubricated sliding bearings in the spindle design. As a result, two tasks can be solved in an integrated manner. They include the required rigidity of an electrospindle for ultra-high accuracy of mechanical blade processing and high smoothness of the machined surface providing nanometric surface roughness with a decrease of macrodeviations up to 1 ΞΌm from a middle surface line. It is worth to note that this is extremely important for a number of special application
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