Preconception Screening for Gene Polymorphisms Associated with Thrombophilia and Hyperhomocysteinemia Risk in Healthy Young Women

The frequency characteristics of the gene polymorphisms (FVL G1691A, FII G20210A, MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C, MTRR A66G) associated with thrombophilia, hyperhomocysteinemia risk and different perinatal or pregnancy complications were studied. This examination was conducted among 130 planned-pregnancy healthy young women aged between 19 and 29 years. A gene mutation analysis was performed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). Factor V Leiden (FVL G1691A) and prothrombin gene (FII G20210A) mutations were not identified in the women surveyed. The frequency of the occurrence of the heterozygous FVL 1691G/A genotype associated with the risk of thrombosis during pregnancy was very low in these women (0.8%). The frequency of the MTHFR (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) 1298C/С mutant genotype was 11.5%, MTHFR 677T/Т – 5.4%, and MTRR (methionine synthase reductase) 66G/G – 31.5%. A combination of the MTHFR 677TT/1298CC and MTHFR 677TТ/MTRR 66GG mutant genotypes, which significantly increased the risk of pregnancy loss and neural tube defects, were found to occur in 0.8% of the cases.We concluded that selective thrombophilia screening (FVL G1691A and FII G20210A) based on prior personal and/or family history of venous thromboembolism was more cost-effective than a universal preconception screening in all planning pregnancy women. However, in order to decrease the risk of congenital anomalies and pregnancy complications associated with folate dependent homocysteine metabolism, preconception care should include folate supplementatio

Organizational and economic transformations towards the greening of agro-industrial production

The increase in the production of agricultural products and food supplies in excess of regulatory needs and the provision of food safety in Russia led to the expansion of the export of agricultural products and the change in the course of the development of the agro-industrial complex from import substitution to export-oriented production. However, the entry to world food markets requires high quality of products from manufacturers and its certification in accordance with world standards. The article presents the organizational and economic transformations towards the greening of agro-industrial production, namely, the use of the resource potential, the involvement of Russian manufacturers in the production of environmentally friendly products and the development of organic agriculture; the mechanisms for solving the set problems are substantiated.peer-reviewe

Comparative analysis of the course and outcomes of a new coronavirus infection depending on the level of high-density lipoproteins in hospitalized patients with COVID-19

Aim of the study was to analyze the course and outcomes of a new coronavirus infection depending on the level of high-density lipoproteins in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the medical histories of 208 patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of COVID-19 was carried out. Depending on the level of high-density lipoproteins (HDL), patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 – patients with «low» HDL < 0.83 mmol/l, group 2 – patients with «high» HDL ≥ 0.83 mmol/l. The relationship between HDL levels measured at the beginning of hospitalization and the severity of the course and outcomes of coronavirus infection was evaluated. The primary endpoint was nosocomial death, secondary points: the development of complications of coronavirus infection, the duration of hospitalization, the duration of fever, the duration of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU). Results. In hospitalized patients with COVID-19, lipid profile disorders were observed in the form of a decrease in HDL (<1.0 mmol/l) in 62 % of cases. A «low» HDL level (<0.83 mmol/l) was associated with a more unfavorable course of coronavirus infection in the hospital in the form of a larger volume of lung damage both at admission and at discharge (40 % [32; 54] vs. 32 % [24; 40], p < 0.001 and 40 % [28; 52] vs. 32 % [28; 44] p = 0.018, respectively), the development of complications such as «cytokine storm» (17 % vs. 22 %, p = 0.03), acute kidney injury (10 % vs. 16 %, p = 0.007). When analyzing secondary points, it was found that in patients of group 1 («low» HDL level), in comparison with patients of group 2 («high» level) the fever period was longer (10 [7; 12] days vs. 8.5 [7; 10] days, p = 0.04), the period of stay in the ICU (0 [0; 1] days vs. 0 [0; 0] days, p = 0.03) and the duration of hospitalization was longer (9 [7; 12] days vs. 8,6 [7; 12] days, p < 0.001).The primary endpoint – hospital mortality was statistically significantly higher in patients with initially reduced HDL levels (<0.83 mmol/l) (13 % vs. 8 %, p = 0.013). Conclusions. In hospitalized patients, the level of HDL <0.83 mmol/l at the beginning of hospitalization was associated with a more severe course of coronavirus infection in the subsequent and an increase in hospital mortality

GENDER RISK BEHAVIOR AS A MAIN TRIGGER FACTOR OF GYNECOLOGIC MORBIDITY OF FEMALE STUDENTS

The structure of gynecologic disease for the reasons of hospitalization, of590 female students is studied. The leading place in students gynecologic disease structure was occupied, the spontaneous and not specified abortions in I—II trimesters of gestation (21,53 %), threats of interruption, of pregnancy till 26 weeks of gestation (20,00 %), artificial abortions (18,14 %) and. complications of abortions (12,03 %). Conclusion: a gynecologic pathology of students is associated, to gender risk behavior and. low level of reproductive and. contraceptive knowledge

Association of C3435T (rs1045642) polymorphism of the MDR1 gene with the increased risk of colorectal cancer in russian females from Central Russia

The objective of this study was to examine associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms, rs1045642 within the MDR1 gene and rs1799930 within the NAT2 gene, with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the population of Central Russi

Concurrent thermochemoradiotherapy for brain high-grade glioma

Despite the achievements in the current strategies for treatment, the prognosis in malignant glioma patients remains unsatisfactory. Hyperthermia is currently considered to be the most effective and universal modifier of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Preliminary treatment outcomes for 28 patients with newly diagnosed (23) and recurrent (5) high-grade gliomas were presented. All the patients received multimodality treatment including surgery, thermoche-moradiotherapy followed by 4 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy. All the patients endured thermochemoradiotherapy well. A complication, limited skin burn (II stage), was diagnosed in two cases and treated conservatively without treatment interruption. A month after thermochemoradiotherapy the results were as follows: complete regression was achieved in 4 cases, partial regression in 4 cases, stable disease in 14 cases and disease progression in 6 cases (one of them is pseudo-progression). After completing the adjuvant chemotherapy 2 more patients demonstrated complete response and 1 patient had disease progression. Introduction of local hyperthermia in multimodal therapy of malignant glioma does not impair the combined modality treatment tolerability of patients with malignant gliomas. A small number of studied patients and short follow-up time do not allow making reliable conclusions about the impact of local hyperthermia on the treatment outcomes; however, there is a tendency towards the increase in disease-free survival in the patients with newly diagnosed malignant gliomas

Gene polymorphism associated with risk of development of homocysteine exchange disorders among young healthy women in Transbaikal kray: ethnic and reproductive aspects

The frequency characteristics of gene polymorphisms of MTHFR677T, MTHFR1298C, MTRRA66G that determinate folate metabolism and are associated with perinatal or pregnancy complications were studied in 50 Russian and 50 Buryatyoung healthy women of 19-27 years. The frequency of MTHFR677TT mutant genotype was 6 % (10 % among Russian, 2 % among Buryat women). MTHFR1298CC and MTRR66GG mutant genotypes were detected in 9 % and 31 % respectively without any differences between ethnic groups. Multigenic inheritance of MTHFR677TT and MTH-FR 1298CC, MTHFR677CT and MTRR66AG that multiply increase risks of miscarriage and development of defects of nervous tube of fetus were found only in the group of Russian women (2 %)

CYTOKINES, LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS AND NEUTROPHIL PHAGOCYTOSIS ACTIVITY IN YOUNG PUERPERAL WOMEN WITH ENDOMETRITIS

Cytokines levels, lymphocyte subsets and phagocytosis activity of peripheral blood neutrophils were studied in young puerperal women (aged 18—26 years). The level of IL-1a, TNFa, IL-8 was significant decrease, the number of CD4+ lymphocytes and immunoregulatory index (CD4+/CD8+) were increase, neutrophils phagocytosis activity rised in patients with puerperal endometritis

Modern approach to primary cervical cancer screening (literature review)

The problem of morbidity and mortality from cervical cancer is one of the leading in the world medical practice. Many countries began to reconsider the approach to primary screening for cervical cancer after etiological role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical carcinogenesis was determined. Most studies have shown that the identification of HPV DNA has a high prognostic value and can be used both as a co-testing and a primary test. However, the unwillingness of many women to visit a gynecologist due to subjective reasons makes it difficult to implement programs on prevention of cervical cancer. Women associate their unwillingness with the lack of time, discomfort and sickliness, a feeling of shame and confusion, when performing a vaginal examination. To solve this problem, in recent years, self-sampling systems for HPV-testing were devised. Self-sampling systems for HPV-testing are comparable with taking cervical sampler by a doctor; they increase the participation of women in cervical screening. Countries have a reduction in morbidity and mortality from cervical cancer due to the inclusion of the HPV-test in national screening programs. At present, many countries consider the introduction of self-sampling devices for vaginal content for HPV-testing in cervical screening. HPV-self-sampling has the potential to improve participation in screening programs, to reduce socioeconomic barriers to care and to improve the subjective patient experience

EFFECT OF FERROTHERAPY ON COURSE OF ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH MILD IRON DEFICIENCY IN MEN

Aim. To assess effect of ferrotherapy on course of ischemic heart disease (IHD) associated with mild iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and latent iron deficiency (ID). Material and methods. 80 male patients, coal miners, aged 51±7.9 years, were observed. 28 patients had angina pectoris associated with the mild IDA, 23 patients experienced myocardial infarction accompanied by the mild IDA and 29 patients had angina with latent ID. Latent ID was defined in case of iron plasma level ≤12 µg/l, IDA was diagnosed in case of hemoglobin level &lt;130 mg/l. The minimal hemoglobin level observed in patients was 107g/l. ICD clinical characteristics were compared before and after 3-week iron-based treatment in individualized doses. Results. Latent ID and mild IDA aggravated angina and increased ectopic myocardial activity in patients with IHD. Iron-based therapy with appropriate nutrition reduced angina attacks frequency, duration and intensity, decreased nitroglycerin consumption and increased exercise tolerance. Conclusion. Normalization of haemoglobin level and iron plasma concentration in the mild IDA as well as normalization of iron plasma concentration in ID in patients with IHD reduces ede-ma and dyspnea, decreases heart rate. These effects are provided due to the treatment with elementary iron in individualized course dose, which improves clinical status and minimizes the adverse reactions