Defendant\u27s Right of Discovery in Criminal Cases

Predicated upon concepts of equity, discovery is the procedure by which one litigant is enabled to force his opponent to make some or all of his evidence available for examination. When authorized prior to actual trial, such disclosure is termed pre-trial discovery. The purpose of a trial is to ascertain the facts. Proponents of liberal discovery assert that knowledge of the facts and, hence, discovery are necessary for fundamental justice. They contend that adoption of broad disclosure practices will eliminate the surprise and guesswork from the courtroom, and transform the aura of a trial from a sporting event to a quest for truth. In recent years, great strides toward broad discovery rights have been made in the area of civil procedur

Federal Injunctions and State Criminal Prosecutions: Vestiges of Our Federalism

Increasingly over the past decade, persons charged with violations of unconstitutional federal or state statutes have sought to obtain equitable relief in the federal courts. Most often, the relief sought has been in the form of an injunction restraining the government from prosecuting or threatening to prosecute under the allegedly invalid statute. Declaratory relief (that the statute is, in fact, unconstitutional) has often been sought as an additional or alternative remedy

Defendant\u27s Right of Discovery in Criminal Cases

Predicated upon concepts of equity, discovery is the procedure by which one litigant is enabled to force his opponent to make some or all of his evidence available for examination. When authorized prior to actual trial, such disclosure is termed pre-trial discovery. The purpose of a trial is to ascertain the facts. Proponents of liberal discovery assert that knowledge of the facts and, hence, discovery are necessary for fundamental justice. They contend that adoption of broad disclosure practices will eliminate the surprise and guesswork from the courtroom, and transform the aura of a trial from a sporting event to a quest for truth. In recent years, great strides toward broad discovery rights have been made in the area of civil procedur

Federal Injunctions and State Criminal Prosecutions: Vestiges of Our Federalism

Increasingly over the past decade, persons charged with violations of unconstitutional federal or state statutes have sought to obtain equitable relief in the federal courts. Most often, the relief sought has been in the form of an injunction restraining the government from prosecuting or threatening to prosecute under the allegedly invalid statute. Declaratory relief (that the statute is, in fact, unconstitutional) has often been sought as an additional or alternative remedy

Individual and institutional determinants of the male female wage gap among U.S. economics faculty

This paper provides new evidence on the male female wage gap in academia. Using unique data from the economics discipline, we estimate a human-capital based model to explore the nature of wage differentials among male and female economics professors. Results indicate the salary gap varies across systematically across individual and institutional characteristics.discrimination, wages, academia

Group Medical Visits for the Management of Chronic Pain

Improvements of possible practical significance were seen for various clinical measures in studies of group treatment sessions for patients with back pain, arthritis, and rheumatic disease. However, studies on group treatment for patients with nonspecific pain are lacking, especially in the primary care setting. (Strength of Recommendation: B)

The sociology of groups and the economics of incentives: theory and evidence on compensation systems

When working together, people engage in non-contractual and informal interactions that constitute the sociology of the group. We use behavioral models and a unique survey of medical groups to analyze how group sociology influences physician incentive pay and behavior. We conclude that informal interactions among group members influence pay practices and behaviors, but the relationship is complex. No single aspect of group sociology is entirely consistent with all the patterns in the data. Factors emphasized in the economic theory of agency, notably risk aversion, also shape pay policies but these factors cannot account for all the observed empirical relationships

Strategies for Introspection and Instruction Towards Antiracism in Public Management and Administration

To be anti-racist is to be actively engaged in the fight against racism, as inaction only serves to reinforce racism and oppression. In teaching the next generation of public servants, educators have a responsibility to be antiracist in their classrooms. The development of this antiracist approach requires both introspective and instructional efforts. Building on knowledge from Critical Race Theory, Black Feminism, intersectionality, and public service pedagogy, this article discusses the internal work that educators must undertake to become antiracist before teaching students how to do so. Then, the article explores what steps faculty can take towards building an antiracist pedagogy and syllabus. From these efforts, educators will be better prepared to help students be antiracist and inclusive leaders by modeling these values and practicing what they teach