"Russıan world". Indıgenous culture in the idıoms and obsolete words

The article is built on the dominant concept of the russian-slavic civilization, which is the "russian world" in the unity of its original culture and languag

Comparison of the effects of liraglutide and sibutramine in obese patients

Background: Obesity is a global noncommunicable pandemic. The low effectiveness of treating obesity is associated with the difficulty of maintaining weight loss due to the reaction of the appetite regulation system. Drugs with central mechanisms of action can help overcome this problem.Aim: The aim of our study was to compare the effects of liraglutide and sibutramine (Reduxin) on the dynamics of weight and cardiometabolic parameters in obese patients without cardiovascular diseases.Materials and methods: We estimated the dynamics of the main metabolic parameters (BMI, glucose, lipid metabolism, blood pressure), the level of hormones involved in the regulation of fat metabolism (leptin, adiponectin, insulin), the ­HOMA-IR index, markers of oxidative stress and inflammation during therapy with liraglutide in comparison with reduxin for 6 months in obese patients.Results: 64 obese patients were included in the study: 25 patients — in the “Liraglutide” group, 39 patients — in the “Sibutramine” group in accordance with the declared inclusion / exclusion criteria. The included patients were young, average body mass index (BMI) (37.92 ± 5.45 kg / m2), average glycemic level was 5.47 ± 0.81 mmol /l, HOMA-IR was 6.01 ± 4.25, blood pressure was at inclusion was within the normal range, but 21.8% of patients received antihypertensive therapy.Both treatment options provided a comparable decrease in body weight (-10.28% vs -9.47%, p = 0.13)., Leptin level (-32.12% vs -41.77%, p = 0.77) and myeloperoxidase (-33.33% vs -19.91%, p = 0.2). The blood pressure level did not change significantly on liraglutide, while on reduxin the level of diastolic blood pressure (dBP) increased significantly (6.87%, p = 0.006). There was a more pronounced decrease in insulin levels compared to the baseline level (-46%, p = 0.005), as well as a decrease in the HOMA-IR index (-50.08, p = 0.005) on liraglutide therapy.An increase in adiponectin levels (+ 45.36% vs 14.01%, p = 0.0045) and a decrease in low density lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol were significantly more pronounced on reduxin therapy (-15.03% vs -9.4%, p = 0.006).36% of the participants completed their participation in the study ahead of schedule due to the lack of effect in the form of weight loss in the «Liraglutide» group. Side effects in the “Liraglutide” group were observed in 16% of patients. 48% of patients took part in the study within 6 months. In the «Sibutramine» group 33.4% of patients completed the study ahead of schedule for reasons unrelated to the drug intake, the side effects were observed in 20.5% of patients. 46.1% of participants in the «Sibutramine» group received therapy for 6 months.Conclusions: This study confirms the previous findings that both liraglutide and reduxin therapy provide effective weight loss. We found a positive trend in markers of inflammation, atherogenesis and oxidative stress, and leptin levels. Liraglutide therapy was accompanied by a more pronounced effect on the state of carbohydrate metabolism, and reduxin therapy provided a more pronounced dynamics of lipid disorders and adiponexin. Both groups were characterized by a rather low adherence to therapy, but the incidence of side effects requiring stopping therapy was higher in the Sibutramine group

Фотодинамическая терапия в нейроонкологии

Literature review reflects the current status and development status of intraoperative photodynamic therapy in neurooncology and discusses the results of the most important studies on photodynamic  therapy (PDT). We searched the Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and eLibrary data-bases for publications  published  between January 2000 and December 2022. Found 204 publications  in foreign sources and 59 publications  in domestic editions, dealing with the issues of photodynamic  therapy in neurooncology. An analysis of the literature has shown that intraoperative PDT in neurooncology is an important tool that contributes to increasing the radicality of the operation and local control. The basic rationale for the effectiveness of PDT lies in the study of the pathways leading to the complete devitalization of a malignant tumor, the study of the mechanisms of the local and systemic immune response. In addition, subcellular targets in PDT are determined by the properties of photosensitizers (PS). Second generation PSs have already been introduced into clinical practice. The effectiveness of PDT using photoditazine, 5-aminolevulinic acid has been demonstrated. The mechanisms of action and targets of these PS have been established. In Russia, a number of studies have repeatedly shown and proved the clinical effectiveness of PDT in groups of neurooncological patients with glial tumors and secondary metastatic tumors, but so far, the method has not been included in the clinical guidelines for the provision of high-tech neurosurgical care. There is certainly a need for further development of PTD techniques in neurooncology, especially in patients at high risk of recurrence and aggressive CNS tumors.Выполнен обзор литературы, отражающий современное состояние и степень разработанности  методики интраоперационной  фотодинамической терапии (ФДТ) в нейроонкологи. Представлены к обсуждению результаты наиболее значимых исследований, посвященных ФДТ в нейроонкологии. Проведен анализ научных публикаций по данной тематике в базах данных Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library и eLibrary, опубликованных в промежуток времени с января 2000 г. по декабрь 2022 г. Найдено 204 публикации в зарубежных источниках  и 59 публикаций в отечественных  изданиях, в которых рассматриваются  вопросы применения ФДТ в нейроонкологии. Анализ литературы показал, что в клинической практике интраоперационная  ФДТ в нейроонкологии  является важным инструментом, способствующим увеличению радикальности операции и локального контроля. Фундаментальное обоснование эффективности ФДТ заключается в изучении путей, ведущих к полной девитализации злокачественной  опухоли, изучении механизмов локального и системного  иммунного ответа. При этом субклеточные  мишени при ФДТ обусловлены свойствами  фотосенсибилизаторов (ФС). В многочисленных  исследованиях  показана противоопухолевая эффективность  использования  ФДТ с ФС на основе  хлорина  е6, 5-аминолевулиновой  кислоты, производных  порфиринов.  Установлены механизмы действия и мишени этих ФС. В России  в ряде исследований подтверждена клиническая эффективность  ФДТ у групп нейроонкологических пациентов с глиальным опухолями и вторичными метастатическими опухолями, однако до сих пор метод не включён в клинические рекомендации по оказанию высокотехнологичной  нейрохирургической помощи. Безусловно, необходима дальнейшая разработка методики ФДТ в нейроонкологии, особенно у пациентов с высоким риском рецидива и агрессивными опухолями ЦНС

PREPARATION TO COLONOSCOPY COMPLEMENTED BY MODERN ADJUSTING METHODS IN PATIENTS WITH EPITHELIAL LESIONS OF THE COLON

The article provides analysis of the study of diagnostic value of the epithelial lesions of the column – a combination of newest visualization methods as NBI and ZOOM with confocal laser endomicroscopy. The study was conducted in 202 patients aged 40–84, 47 lesions were identified. Results of preparation of the colon to the study by drugs Phospho-Soda and Macrogol were evaluated. The obtained results allow making a conclusion that use of CLEM allows determining the structure of the polyp in the real time regime (in vivo) and increases the diagnostic accuracy of the study up to 96.5%, and quality of preparation of the colon has the decisive meaning