Archaeological Survey of Two Proposed Cellular Communications Tower Sites (Leavenworth and Sulphur), Crawford County, Indiana

Abstracts are made available for research purposes. To view the full report, please contact the staff of the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology (www.gbl.indiana.edu).At the request of ATC Associates, Inc., the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology, Indiana University (GBL) conducted Phase Ia archaeological reconnaissance-level survey of the proposed locations for construction of two cellular communications towers in Crawford County, Indiana. In addition to the cellular communications structures, the associated access road for each proposed location was surveyed. Approximately 0.8 acres were surveyed at the Leavenworth project area and roughly 0.5 acres were surveyed at the Sulphur project area. The purposes of survey were 1) to identify and document all of the cultural resources in the project area, 2) to evaluate any sites with regard to their eligibility for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and the Indiana Register of Historic Sites and Structures (IRHSS), and 3) to make recommendations for the protection of significant and potentially significant cultural resources. Fieldwork was conducted April 28, 2000 by GBL archaeologists Devin W. Fishel and Brian W. Troyer. One previously unrecorded prehistoric archaeological site, 12 Cr 485, was discovered at the Leavenworth project area. 12 Cr 485, a lithic scatter/reduction site of light to moderate density, is potentially eligible for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and the Indiana Register of Historic Sites and Structures (IRHSS). The results of the present Phase Ia archaeological reconnaissance survey were not adequate for determination of eligibility. Therefore avoidance of site 12 Cr 485 is recommended. If avoidance is not possible, Phase lb intensive survey is recommended in order to determine the extent and nature of buried deposits. No cultural materials were discovered at the Sulphur project area. Cultural resource clearance is therefore recommended for construction of the proposed Sulphur cellular communications tower provided that all earth-moving activities are restricted to the currently defined project area boundaries

Archaeological Survey for Proposed Impoundments Along Pucachief Creek, Cabin Sites, and an Associated Access Road in Ouabache Trails Park near Vincennes, Knox County, Indiana

Abstracts are made available for research purposes. To view the full report, please contact the staff of the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology (www.gbl.indiana.edu).At the request of Knox County Parks and Recreation Department, the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology, Indiana University (GBL) conducted Phase Ia archaeological reconnaissance survey along approximately 460 meters ( ca. 1500') of PucachiefCreek to be impacted by the construction of three impoundment structures, and at the location of four proposed cabin sites (10 m x 10 m each) and an associated access road (approximately 320 m x 20 m) in Ouabache Trails Park north of Vincennes, Knox County, Indiana. A total of approximately 4.0 acres were surveyed. The purposes of survey were 1) to identify and document all of the cultural resources in the project area, 2) to evaluate any sites found with regard to their eligibility for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and the Indiana Register of Historic Sites and Structures (IRHSS), and 3) to make recommendations for the protection of significant and potentially significant sites. Fieldwork was conducted April 25-26, 2000 by GBL archaeologists Devin W. Fishei Scott J. Shirar, and Brian W. Troyer. No cultural materials were discovered within the proposed project areas. Cultural resource clearance is therefore recommended for the proposed improvements to Ouabache Park provided that all earth-moving activities are restricted to the currently defined project area boundaries

Archaeological Survey of the Proposed Location for a New Housing Development, Morgan County, Indiana

Abstracts are made available for research purposes. To view the full report, please contact the staff of the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology (www.gbl.indiana.edu).At the request of the Center for Behavioral Health, Inc. (CBH), the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology, Indiana University (GBL) conducted a Phase Ia archaeological reconnaissance survey of the proposed location for a new housing development (83m x 45m; .93 acre) and its associated access road (85m x 15m; .32 acre) in the northeastern portion of Mooresville, Morgan County, Indiana. Approximately 1.25 acres were surveyed. The purposes of the survey were 1) to identify and document all of the cultural resources in the project area, 2) to evaluate any sites found with regard to their eligibility for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and the Indiana Register of Historic Sites and Structures (IRHSS), and 3) to make recommendations for the protection of significant and potentially significant sites. Fieldwork was conducted January 6, 2000 by GBL archaeologist Devin W. Fishel. No cultural materials were discovered during survey. Cultural resource clearance is therefore recommended for the proposed development site and its associated access road, provided that all earth-moving activities are restricted to the currently defined project area boundarie

Archaeological Survey of Two Proposed Cellular Communications Tower Sites, Clark County, Indiana

Abstracts are made available for research purposes. To view the full report, please contact the staff of the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology (www.gbl.indiana.edu).At the request of ATC Associates, Inc., the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology, Indiana University (GBL) conducted Phase Ia archaeological reconnaissance survey of two proposed cellular communications tower sites in Clark County, Indiana. Both cellular tower sites will consist of a centrally placed freestanding tower, and each will have an associated access road. Approximately 0.05 acre was surveyed at the Holemans-Allison tower site, and approximately 0.06 acre was surveyed at the Silver Creek tower site. The purposes of survey were 1) to identify and document all of the cultural resources in the project area, 2) to evaluate any sites found with regard to their eligibility for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and the Indiana Register of Historic Sites and Structures (IRHSS), and 3) to make recommendations for the protection of significant and potentially significant sites. Fieldwork was conducted January 25, 2000 by GBL archaeologists Mary E. Pirkl and Devin W. Fishel. No cultural materials were discovered at either the Holemans-Allison or Silver Creek tower sites. Cultural resource clearance is therefore recommended for the proposed development sites and their associated access roads, provided that all earth-moving activities are restricted to the currently defined project area boundaries

Cancer-associated fibroblast exosomes regulate survival and proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells

Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) comprise the majority of the tumor bulk of pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PDACs). Current efforts to eradicate these tumors focus predominantly on targeting the proliferation of rapidly growing cancer epithelial cells. We know that this is largely ineffective with resistance arising in most tumors following exposure to chemotherapy. Despite the long-standing recognition of the prominence of CAFs in PDAC, the effect of chemotherapy on CAFs and how they may contribute to drug resistance in neighboring cancer cells is not well characterized. Here we show that CAFs exposed to chemotherapy play an active role in regulating the survival and proliferation of cancer cells. We found that CAFs are intrinsically resistant to gemcitabine, the chemotherapeutic standard of care for PDAC. Further, CAFs exposed to gemcitabine significantly increase the release of extracellular vesicles called exosomes. These exosomes increased chemoresistance-inducing factor, Snail, in recipient epithelial cells and promote proliferation and drug resistance. Finally, treatment of gemcitabine-exposed CAFs with an inhibitor of exosome release, GW4869, significantly reduces survival in co-cultured epithelial cells, signifying an important role of CAF exosomes in chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Collectively, these findings show the potential for exosome inhibitors as treatment options alongside chemotherapy for overcoming PDAC chemoresistance

Reduced Expression of DNA Repair and Redox Signaling Protein APE1/Ref-1 Impairs Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Survival, Proliferation, and Cell Cycle Progression

Pancreatic cancer is a deadly disease that is virtually never cured. Understanding the chemoresistance intrinsic to this cancer will aid in developing new regimens. High expression of APE1/Ref-1, a DNA repair and redox signaling protein, is associated with resistance, poor outcome, and angiogenesis; little is known in pancreatic cancer. Immunostaining of adenocarcinoma shows greater APE1/Ref-1 expression than in normal pancreas tissue. A decrease in APE1/Ref-1 protein levels results in pancreatic cancer cell growth inhibition, increased apoptosis, and altered cell cycle progression. Endogenous cell cycle inhibitors increase when APE1/ Ref-1 is reduced, demonstrating its importance to proliferation and growth of pancreatic cancer

Mass spectrometric gas composition measurements associated with jet interaction tests in a high-enthalpy wind tunnel

Knowledge of test gas composition is important in wind-tunnel experiments measuring aerothermodynamic interactions. This paper describes measurements made by sampling the top of the test section during runs of the Langley 7-Inch High-Temperature Tunnel. The tests were conducted to determine the mixing of gas injected from a flat-plate model into a combustion-heated hypervelocity test stream and to monitor the CO2 produced in the combustion. The Mass Spectrometric (MS) measurements yield the mole fraction of N2 or He and CO2 reaching the sample inlets. The data obtained for several tunnel run conditions are related to the pressures measured in the tunnel test section and at the MS ionizer inlet. The apparent distributions of injected gas species and tunnel gas (CO2) are discussed relative to the sampling techniques. The measurements provided significant real-time data for the distribution of injected gases in the test section. The jet N2 diffused readily from the test stream, but the jet He was mostly entrained. The amounts of CO2 and Ar diffusing upward in the test section for several run conditions indicated the variability of the combustion-gas test-stream composition

Inhibition of the Redox Function of APE1/Ref-1 in Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines Results in a Hypersensitive Response to Retinoic Acid-induced Differentiation and Apoptosis

Objective The standard of care for promyelocytic leukemia includes use of the differentiating agent all-trans retinoic acid (RA) and chemotherapy. RA induces cell differentiation through retinoic acid receptor (RAR) transcription factors. Because redox mechanisms influence how readily transcription factors bind to DNA response elements (RARE), the impact of small molecule (E3330) inhibition of the redox regulatory protein, apurinic-apyrimidinic endonuclease/redox effector factor (APE1/Ref-1) on RAR DNA binding and function in RA-induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation and apoptosis was investigated. Materials and Methods The redox function of APE1 was studied using the small molecule inhibitor E3330 in HL-60 and PLB acute myeloid leukemia cells. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays were employed to determine effect of inhibitor on APE1/Ref-1 redox signaling function. Trypan blue assays, Annexin-V/propidium iodide and CD11b staining, and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses were employed to determine survival, apoptosis, and differentiation status of cells in culture. Results RARα binds to its RARE in a redox-dependent manner mediated by APE1/Ref-1 redox regulation. Redox-dependent RAR-RARE binding is blocked by E3330, a small molecule redox inhibitor of APE1/Ref-1. Combination treatment of RA + E3330 results in a profound hypersensitivity of myeloid leukemia cells to RA-induced differentiation and apoptosis. Additionally, redox inhibition by E3330 results in enhanced RAR target gene, BLR-1, expression in myeloid leukemia cells. Conclusions The redox function of APE1/Ref-1 regulates RAR binding to its DNA RAREs influencing the response of myeloid leukemia cells to RA-induced differentiation. Targeting of APE1/Ref-1 redox function may allow manipulation of the retinoid response with therapeutic implications