An Examination of the Spectral Variability in NGC 1365 with Suzaku

We present jointly analyzed data from three deep Suzaku observations of NGC 1365. These high signal-to-noise spectra enable us to examine the nature of this variable, obscured AGN in unprecedented detail on timescales ranging from hours to years. We find that, in addition to the power-law continuum and absorption from ionized gas seen in most AGN, inner disk reflection and variable absorption from neutral gas within the Broad Emission Line Region are both necessary components in all three observations. We confirm the clumpy nature of the cold absorbing gas, though we note that occultations of the inner disk and corona are much more pronounced in the high-flux state (2008) than in the low-flux state (2010) of the source. The onset and duration of the "dips" in the X-ray light curve in 2010 are both significantly longer than in 2008, however, indicating that either the distance to the gas from the black hole is larger, or that the nature of the gas has changed between epochs. We also note significant variations in the power-law flux over timescales similar to the cold absorber, both within and between the three observations. The warm absorber does not vary significantly within observations, but does show variations in column density of a factor of more than 10 on timescales less than 2 weeks that seem unrelated to the changes in the continuum, reflection or cold absorber. By assuming a uniform iron abundance for the reflection and absorption, we have also established that an iron abundance of roughly 3.5 times the solar value is sufficient to model the broad-band spectrum without invoking an additional partial-covering absorber. Such a measurement is consistent with previous published constraints from the 2008 Suzaku observation alone, and with results from other Seyfert AGN in the literature.Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

Socio-demographic and structural predictors of involvement of the male partner in maternal health care in Hohoe, Volta Region, Ghana

Maternal health can be improved if men give support to their partners. This study determined the socio-demographic and structural predictors of male partner involvement in maternal health in Hohoe, Ghana. A descriptive, cross-sectional design was adopted, collecting data through self-administered questionnaires from a multistage sample of 193 respondents and analysing using Stata version 14 at the 0.05 level. Age groups 31-40 years and 41-51 years were 6 times [AOR=6.28, p=0.04] and 4 times [AOR=4.32 (95%, p=0.08] respectively more likely to get involved in maternal health issues compared to age group 20-30 years. Married men were 63% less likely to be involved in maternal issues compared to single men [AOR=0.37, p=0.08]. Men with tertiary and senior high school levels of education were 9 times [AOR=9.13, p=0.001] and 5 times [AOR=4.52, p=0.01] respectively more likely to be involved in maternal health than men with a basic level of education. Men with a high level of knowledge on maternal health were 4 times more likely to be involved in maternal health than men with a low level of knowledge [AOR=4.14, p=0.002]. Strategies to improve male partner involvement in maternal health should target the younger, the legally married, and male partners with a low level of education.Keywords: Male partner involvement; maternal health; Hohoe; Ghan

METASINTESIS PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN REPRESENTASI MATEMATIS SISWA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kecenderungan setiap artikel jurnal pengembangan lembar kerja peserta didik untuk meningkatkan kemampuan representasi matematis siswa dan mendeskripsikan metasintesis mengenai pengembangan lembar kerja peserta didik untuk meningkatkan kemampuan representasi matematis siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian systematic review yang menggunakan pendekatan metasintesis. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah artikel jurnal tentang pengembangan lembar kerja peserta didik untuk meningkatkan kemampuan representasi matematis siswa. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah kemampuan representasi matematis siswa sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan lembar kerja yang dikembangkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lembar kerja peserta didik yang dikembangkan oleh para pengembang sangat baik digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan representasi matematis siswa

The Difference of Students’ Mathematical Communication Ability Taught by Cooperative Learning Model Think Talk Write Type and Numbered Head Together Type

The purpose of this research was to know there was any difference in student’s mathematical communication ability in cooperative learning Think TalkWrite (TTW) type and Numbered Head Together (NHT) type. The population was all students at SMP Negeri 1 Lubuk Pakam. The sample was two classes which each consist of 36 students, VII A as experimental class I which taught by TTW and VII B as experimental class II which taught by NHT. The sample was taken by cluster random sampling. Collecting data technique of this research was mathematical comunication ability essay test that was given in the end of learning either in experimental class I or experimental class II. From the data analysis of each of experimental class were obtained that the average of posttest score in TTW classroom was higher than in NHT classroom. It was also obtained that score of mathematical communication indicators in TTW classroom was higher than in NHT classroom. From the data analysis of posttest score by using t-test with significance level α = 0.05, it was obtained that tcount = 4.687 and ttable = 1.667. It means that tcount > ttable then H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. So, it can be concluded that there was difference of student’s mathematical communication ability who taught by cooperative learning model type TTW with NHT at SMP Negeri 1 Lubuk Pakam.The purpose of this research was to know there was any difference in student’s mathematical communication ability in cooperative learning Think TalkWrite (TTW) type and Numbered Head Together (NHT) type. The population was all students at SMP Negeri 1 Lubuk Pakam. The sample was two classes which each consist of 36 students, VII A as experimental class I which taught by TTW and VII B as experimental class II which taught by NHT. The sample was taken by cluster random sampling. Collecting data technique of this research was mathematical comunication ability essay test that was given in the end of learning either in experimental class I or experimental class II. From the data analysis of each of experimental class were obtained that the average of posttest score in TTW classroom was higher than in NHT classroom. It was also obtained that score of mathematical communication indicators in TTW classroom was higher than in NHT classroom. From the data analysis of posttest score by using t-test with significance level α = 0.05, it was obtained that tcount = 4.687 and ttable = 1.667. It means that tcount > ttable then H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. So, it can be concluded that there was difference of student’s mathematical communication ability who taught by cooperative learning model type TTW with NHT at SMP Negeri 1 Lubuk Pakam

Developing Learning Materials Based on Problem-Based Learning to Improving Students Mathematical Problem Solving Ability and Self-Regulated Learning at MAN Hutagodang Labuhanbatu Selatan

There were three objectives of this research, namely; (1) to describe the validity of learning devices based on problem-based learning model to improve the ability of mathematical problem solving and students’ self-regulated learning; 2) to describe the practicality of learning devices based on problem-based learning model to improve the ability of mathematical problem solving and students’ self-regulated learning; 3) to describe the effectiveness of learning devices based on problem-based learning model to improve the ability of mathematical problem solving and students’ self-regulated learning; and 4) improvement of mathematical problem solving ability and self regulated learning of students taught through problem-based learning based device. This research is a development research. This research was conducted through two stages, the first stage, the development of learning devices based on problem-based learning using Four-D development model, and the second phase tested the of learning devices based on problem-based learning developed in the XI IPA-1 and XI IPA-2 MAN Hutagodang Labuhanbatu Selatan class. From the results of experiment I and experiment  II obtained: 1) problem-based learning developed valid; 2) problem-based learning developed practically; 3) problem-based learning  that are developed effectively, in terms of a) students' learning mastery in experiment I test of 71.43% and 92% in experiment II; b) the achievement of teachers' ability to manage the learning on experiment I of 2.83 (good enough) and experiment II of 3.37 (good); 4) improvement of students' mathematical problem solving ability increased from t experiment I with an average of 76.91 to 8.15 in experiment II; and 5) increased student self-regulated learning increased from experiment I with an average of 2.97 to 3.03 in experiment II. Keywords: Development of Learning devices, Problem Based Learning, 4-D Development Model, Mathematical Problem Solving Ability and Students’ Self-Regulated Learnin

The Influence of Realistic Mathematical Approach toward Students’ Mathematical Connections Ability at Public Primary School 105366 Sei Nagalawan Serdang Bedagai.

The aims of this study are to examine: the influence of the Realistic Mathematical Approach toward students’ Mathematical Connection Ability of grade V at Public Primary School 105366 Sei Nagalawan and the comparison of Realistic Mathematics Approach with Conventional Learning on the Mathematical Connection Ability. This research is a quasi-experimental study. The population in this study is all fifth grade students of Public Primary School 105366 Sei Nagalawan, consisting of two classes with the number of 55 students. Class V-A, 27 students is as an experimental class using the Realistic Mathematics Approach while the V-B, 28 students is as the control class using Conventional Learning. The instrument used consisted of: preliminary math ability test and mathematical connection ability test. The instrument is stated to have fulfilled the requirements of content validity, and reliability coefficient. The data are analyzed by Simple Regression Analysis Test. Before using Simple Regression Analysis Test, firstly the homogeneity and normality are tested in this study with a significant level of 5%. The average score of students' mathematical connection ability taught with realistic mathematics learning is 79.6 and the average score of mathematical connection ability taught with conventional learning is 72.0. Based on the analysis, the results of the study are: (1) there is an influence of the Realistic Mathematical Approach toward students’ mathematical connection ability of fifth grade at Public Primary School 105366 Sei Nagalawan, (2) the mathematical connection ability of students who obtain a realistic mathematical approach is higher than students who obtain conventional learning. Keywords: Realistic Mathematical Approach, Mathematical Connection Ability.

Analysis of Critical Mathematical Thinking Ability and Adversity Quotient Students Through Realistic Mathematics Approach in SMP Negeri 3 Stabat

The aims of this study are ; (1) students 'mathematical critical thinking abilities through the Realistic Mathematics Education approach, (2) students' Quotient Adversity through the Realistic Mathematics Education approach, and (3) difficulties in critical thinking experienced by students in solving mathematical problems through approaches Realistic Mathematics Education. Research subjects class VII-I of SMP Negeri 3 Stabat totaling 32 students. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The instruments of this study were tests of mathematical critical thinking skills, ARP (Adversity Response Profile) and interview guidelines. Data analysis was performed using the Miles and Huberman models. The results showed: (1) Students 'mathematical critical thinking abilities through the Realistic Mathematics Education approach showed 25% were in the low category. Then the moderate category were 11 students or 34.375%. Furthermore for the high category there were 13 students or 40.625% (2) Adversity Quotient students through the Realistic Mathematics Education approach that as many as 18 students are in the range of Adversity Quotient classified as Climber, as many as 6 students with the criteria for transitioning Camper to Climber, then 8 students for the Camper criteria with a percentage of 25%, and subsequently there are no students with respectively the criteria for switching from Quitter to Camper or Quitter (3) difficulties experienced by students in solving mathematical problems through the Realistic Mathematics Education approach have difficulty understanding concepts, difficulties in applying principles, and also difficulties in verbal matters.Keywords: Mathematical Critical Thinking Ability, Adversity Quotient, Realistic Mathematics EducationDOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-17-17Publication date: June 30th 202

Long term X-ray spectral variability of the nucleus of M81

We have analysed the soft X-ray emission from the nuclear source of the nearby spiral galaxy M81, using the available data collected with ROSAT, ASCA, BeppoSAX and Chandra. The source flux is highly variable, showing (sometimes dramatic: a factor of 4 in 20 days) variability at different timescales, from 2 days to 4 years, and in particular a steady increase of the flux by a factor of >~ 2 over 4 years, broken by rapid flares. After accounting for the extended component resolved by Chandra, the nuclear soft X-ray spectrum (from ROSAT/PSPC, BeppoSAX/LECS and Chandra data) cannot be fitted well with a single absorbed power-law model. Acceptable fits are obtained adding an extra component, either a multi-color black body (MCBB) or an absorption feature. In the MCBB case the inner accretion disk would be far smaller than the Schwartzchild radius for the 3-60X 10^6 solar masses nucleus requiring a strictly edge-on inclination of the disk, even if the nucleus is a rotating Kerr black hole. The temperature is 0.27 keV, larger than expected from the accretion disk of a Schwartzchild black hole, but consistent with that expected from a Kerr black hole. In the power-law + absorption feature model we have either high velocity (0.3 c) infalling C_v clouds or neutral C_i absorption at rest. In both cases the C:O overabundance is a factor of 10.Comment: 30 pages with 15 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa