1,217 research outputs found
Neutron skin uncertainties of Skyrme energy density functionals
Background: Neutron-skin thickness is an excellent indicator of isovector
properties of atomic nuclei. As such, it correlates strongly with observables
in finite nuclei that depend on neutron-to-proton imbalance and the nuclear
symmetry energy that characterizes the equation of state of neutron-rich
matter. A rich worldwide experimental program involving studies with rare
isotopes, parity violating electron scattering, and astronomical observations
is devoted to pinning down the isovector sector of nuclear models. Purpose: We
assess the theoretical systematic and statistical uncertainties of neutron-skin
thickness and relate them to the equation of state of nuclear matter, and in
particular to nuclear symmetry energy parameters. Methods: We use the nuclear
superfluid Density Functional Theory with several Skyrme energy density
functionals and density dependent pairing. To evaluate statistical errors and
their budget, we employ the statistical covariance technique. Results: We find
that the errors on neutron skin increase with neutron excess. Statistical
errors due to uncertain coupling constants of the density functional are found
to be larger than systematic errors, the latter not exceeding 0.06 fm in most
neutron-rich nuclei across the nuclear landscape. The single major source of
uncertainty is the poorly determined slope L of the symmetry energy that
parametrizes its density dependence. Conclusions: To provide essential
constraints on the symmetry energy of the nuclear energy density functional,
next-generation measurements of neutron skins are required to deliver precision
better than 0.06 fm.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Social-Ecological Resilience and Law in the Platte River Basin
Efficiency and resistance to rapid change are hallmarks of both the judicial and legislative branches of the United States government. These defining characteristics, while bringing stability and predictability, pose challenges when it comes to managing dynamic natural systems. As our understanding of ecosystems improves, we must devise ways to account for the nonlinearities and uncertainties rife in complex social-ecological systems. This paper takes an in-depth look at the Platte River basin over time to explore how the systemâs resilienceâthe capacity to absorb disturbance without losing defining structures and functionsâresponds to human driven change. Beginning with pre-European settlement, the paper explores how water laws, policies, and infrastructure influenced the regionâs ecology and society. While much of the post-European development in the Platte River basin came at a high ecological cost to the system, the recent tri-state and federal collaborative Platte River Recovery and Implementation Program is a first step towards flexible and adaptive management of the social-ecological system. Using the Platte River basin as an example, we make the case that inherent flexibility and adaptability are vital for the next iteration of natural resources management policies affecting stressed basins. We argue that this can be accomplished by nesting policy in a resilience framework, which we describe and attempt to operationalize for use across systems and at different levels of jurisdiction. As our current natural resources policies fail under the weight of looming global change, unprecedented demand for natural resources, and shifting land use, the need for a new generation of adaptive, flexible natural resources governance emerges. Here we offer a prescription for just that, rooted in the social, ecological and political realities of the Platte River basin
Spin Triplet Supercurrent in Co/Ni Multilayer Josephson Junctions with Perpendicular Anisotropy
We have measured spin-triplet supercurrent in Josephson junctions of the form
S/F'/F/F'/S, where S is superconducting Nb, F' is a thin Ni layer with in-plane
magnetization, and F is a Ni/[Co/Ni]n multilayer with out-of-plane
magnetization. The supercurrent in these junctions decays very slowly with
F-layer thickness, and is much larger than in similar junctions not containing
the two F' layers. Those two features are the characteristic signatures of
spin-triplet supercurrent, which is maximized by the orthogonality of the
magnetizations in the F and F' layers. Magnetic measurements confirm the
out-of-plane anisotropy of the Co/Ni multilayers. These samples have their
critical current optimized in the as-prepared state, which will be useful for
future applications.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, formatted in RevTeX version 4. Submitted to
Physical Review B on August 13th, 201
Interferometry of hyper-Rayleigh scattering by inhomogeneous thin films
The use of specific symmetry properties of the optical second-harmonic
generation (the s,s-exclusion rule) has allowed us to observe high-contrast
hyper-Rayleigh interference patterns in a completely diffuse light - an effect
having no analog in case of linear (Rayleigh) scattering.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure
Effect of Magnetic Impurities on Energy Exchange between Electrons
In order to probe quantitatively the effect of Kondo impurities on energy
exchange between electrons in metals, we have compared measurements on two
silver wires with dilute magnetic impurities (manganese) introduced in one of
them. The measurement of the temperature dependence of the electron phase
coherence time on the wires provides an independent determination of the
impurity concentration. Quantitative agreement on the energy exchange rate is
found with a theory by G\"{o}ppert et al. that accounts for Kondo scattering of
electrons on spin-1/2 impurities.Comment: 4 page
Efficacy of letrozole versus clomiphene citrate for infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Background: The aim was to compare ovulation induction protocols in anovulatory patients, who make up a significant percentage of infertility patients, and to determine the most appropriate treatment for patients in the clinic based on the findings.Methods: The effectiveness of clomiphene citrate (CC) and letrozole (aromatase inhibitor) in ovulation induction treatments were retrospectively compared in patients who applied for infertility in the last 5 years and were found to be anovulatory. 20 of these patients were being treated with clomiphene citrate, while the 18 were being treated with letrozole.Results: The study included a total of 38 anovulatory infertile patients. The mean age of the patients was found to be 29.3. When the endometrial thicknesses (ET) after the treatment were compared, the first group's mean EC was 6.1, while that of the second group was 9.05. The endometrial thicknesses measured after the treatments were found to be significantly different, which were consistent with other studies in the literature. Post-treatment ovulation responses were similar with 55% in both groups. In the evaluation of pregnancy outcomes, 20% of pregnancy was achieved in the first group and 33% in the second group.Conclusions: The use of letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, may be suggested as an alternative to CC in the ovulation induction protocol in our clinical practice, particularly in obese patients
A Standard Input Format for Multiperiod Stochastic Linear Programs
Data conventions for the automatic input of multiperiod stochastic linear programs are described. The input format is based on the MPSX standard and is designed to promote the efficient conversion of originally deterministic problems by introducing stochastic variants in separate files. A flexible "header" syntax generates a useful variety of stochastic dependencies. An extension using the NETGEN format is proposed for stochastic network programs
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