Excavations and the afterlife of a professional football stadium, Peel Park, Accrington, Lancashire: towards an archaeology of football

Association football is now a multi-billion dollar global industry whose emergence spans the post-medieval to the modern world. With its professional roots in late 19th-century industrial Lancashire, stadiums built for the professionalization of football first appear in frequency in the North of England. While many historians of sport focus on consumerism and ‘topophilia’ (attachment to place) regarding these local football grounds, archaeological research that has been conducted on the spectator experience suggests status differentiation within them. Our excavations at Peel Park confirm this impression while also showing a significant afterlife to this stadium, particularly through children’s play

Comparative In - vitro Efficacy of Chloroquine, Fansidar, Cotecxin and Amalar in Human Plasmodium falciparum in Malaria

In vitro drugs test with WHO micro test method was used to compare the efficacy of four antimalarials: Chloroquine, Fansidarâ, Cotecxinâ and Amalarâ on isolates of plasmodium malaria. A three-day (72 hrs) incubation period for drugs-parasites interactions was used. Thirteen (13) patients with chloroquine treatment had no complete parasite clearance for the 72 hours incubation. However, total parasite clearance was observed in two (2) patients with Cotecxinâ and Fansidarâ treatment for the 72 hours incubation. A more total parasite clearance was found with only Cotecxinâ on the seventh (7) day of the treatment. There was treatment failure in nine (9) patients in Amalarâ group on the seventh day of the treatment, while Cotecxinâ had only four (4) patients and Fansidarâ in six (6) patients respectively on same day. There was a high therapeutic efficacy of Cotecxinâ in the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Key Words: Chloroquine, Fansidarâ, Amalarâ, Cotecxinâ, in vitro efficacy, P. falciparum. Résumé le test de medicament invitro avec la methode microtest de l'OMS on été utilisés pour comparer l'efficacité de quatre antimalariales: chloroquine, Fansidar, Cotexin and Amalar sur des plasmodium malariae isolés. Une période de trios jous (72hrs) d'incubation pour interaction medicament-parasite était utilisé. Treize (13) patients traités à la chloroquine ont eu une asbsence parasitaire incomplète après 72heurs d'incubation. Néanmoins la clearance parasitaire total on été observé chez 2 patients utilisant comme traitement cotexin et fansidar après 72 hrs d'incubation. Une clearance total parasitaire avancée était vu avec l'utilisation exclusive du Cotexin au 7ème jour de traitement, alors que Cotexin a eu seleument 4 patients et fansidar 6 patients respectivement le même jour. Il ya une grande éfficacite therapeutique du cotexin dans le traitement du plasmodium falciparum malaria. Mot clés: Chloroquine,Fansidar, Amalar, Cotexin, efficacite invitro, P. falciparum. West Afr. J. Pharmacol. Drug Res. Vol.19 (1&2) 2003: 55-5

Identity work : enactment of racial-ethnic identity in everyday life

In this theoretical analysis, we discuss the attributional and enactment approaches to identity and present a new Ethnic-Racial Identity Enactment Model derived from extant theory and research. We highlight modes of identity work that provide 1) self-concept and self-esteem protection; 2) achievement and success during everyday encounters; 3) a sense of belonging and attachment to one’s ascriptive group; and 4) the relation between internalized oppression and internalized racism in everyday exchanges. We discuss the integration of self-concept mechanisms with mindsets and intentions specific to ethnic-racial identity dynamics. The article ends by highlighting a research procedure that fuses the attributional and enactment approaches to identity research.Arts, Faculty ofNon UBCSociology, Department ofReviewedFacult