Production of fiberboards from shives collected after continuous fiber mechanical extraction from oleaginous flax

In this study, fiberboards were produced from shives collected after continuous fiber mechanical extraction from oleaginous flax straw. Fiberboards were produced through thermo-pressing, and their mechanical and thermomechanical properties were studied, as well as their water resistance. The influence of two pretreatments for shives and lignin addition was investigated on the different properties. Boards obtained were all cohesive hardboards. The optimal board was obtained from fibers extruded from the shives and without addition of any supplementary lignin amount. Looking at its characteristics and standard NF EN 312, the latter perfectly complied with the requirements for type P1 boards, i.e., boards for general uses in dry conditions

A review of source tracking techniques for fine sediment within a catchment

Excessive transport of fine sediment, and its associated pollutants, can cause detrimental impacts in aquatic environments. It is therefore important to perform accurate sediment source apportionment to identify hot spots of soil erosion. Various tracers have been adopted, often in combination, to identify sediment source type and its spatial origin; these include fallout radionuclides, geochemical tracers, mineral magnetic properties and bulk and compound-specific stable isotopes. In this review, the applicability of these techniques to particular settings and their advantages and limitations are reviewed. By synthesizing existing approaches, that make use of multiple tracers in combination with measured changes of channel geomorphological attributes, an integrated analysis of tracer profiles in deposited sediments in lakes and reservoirs can be made. Through a multi-scale approach for fine sediment tracking, temporal changes in soil erosion and sediment load can be reconstructed and the consequences of changing catchment practices evaluated. We recommend that long-term, as well as short-term, monitoring of riverine fine sediment and corresponding surface and subsurface sources at nested sites within a catchment are essential. Such monitoring will inform the development and validation of models for predicting dynamics of fine sediment transport as a function of hydro-climatic and geomorphological controls. We highlight that the need for monitoring is particularly important for hilly catchments with complex and changing land use. We recommend that research should be prioritized for sloping farmland-dominated catchments

A review of source tracking techniques for fine sediment within a catchment

Excessive transport of fine sediment, and its associated pollutants, can cause detrimental impacts in aquatic environments. It is therefore important to perform accurate sediment source apportionment to identify hot spots of soil erosion. Various tracers have been adopted, often in combination, to identify sediment source type and its spatial origin; these include fallout radionuclides, geochemical tracers, mineral magnetic properties and bulk and compound-specific stable isotopes. In this review, the applicability of these techniques to particular settings and their advantages and limitations are reviewed. By synthesizing existing approaches, that make use of multiple tracers in combination with measured changes of channel geomorphological attributes, an integrated analysis of tracer profiles in deposited sediments in lakes and reservoirs can be made. Through a multi-scale approach for fine sediment tracking, temporal changes in soil erosion and sediment load can be reconstructed and the consequences of changing catchment practices evaluated. We recommend that long-term, as well as short-term, monitoring of riverine fine sediment and corresponding surface and subsurface sources at nested sites within a catchment are essential. Such monitoring will inform the development and validation of models for predicting dynamics of fine sediment transport as a function of hydro-climatic and geomorphological controls. We highlight that the need for monitoring is particularly important for hilly catchments with complex and changing land use. We recommend that research should be prioritized for sloping farmland-dominated catchments

Guide méthodologique identifiant les enjeux nationaux et transfrontaliers relatifs à la préservation et à la remise en bon état des continuités écologiques et comportant un volet relatif à l’élaboration des schémas régionaux de cohérence écologique : deuxième document en appui à la mise en oeuvre de la Trame verte et bleue en France

Le présent document traduit de façon opérationnelle la mise en oeuvre des principes mentionnés dans le premier volet des orientations nationales. Il vise à assister les partenaires associés à l’élaboration des schémas régionaux de cohérence écologique dans leur travail, et est plus spécifiquement rédigé à l’attention des services des Conseils régionaux et des services régionaux de l'État qui doivent préparer les discussions du comité régional Trame verte et bleue. Une première partie aborde les grands principes d'élaboration de la Trame verte et bleue qui serviront à vérifier sa cohérence nationale. Ils correspondent aux éléments minimum que la Trame verte et bleue doit intégrer. La deuxième partie propose d’une part une présentation synthétique des méthodes qui ont déjà été développées pour mettre en oeuvre une Trame verte et bleue (TVB), et d’autre part pour les régions qui n’ont pas encore lancé leur démarche, une proposition de méthode. La troisième partie expose les outils de mise en oeuvre de la Trame verte et bleue, en ciblant les mesures de nature contractuelle