Self-Regulation Therapy to Reproduce Drug Effects: A Suggestion Technique to Change Personality and the DRD3 Gene Expression

This study proposes a strategy, based on self-regulation therapy, to change personality and its biological substrate, the DRD3 gene expression. It has been demonstrated that acute doses of stimulating drugs, like methylphenidate, are able to change personality and the expression of certain genes in the short term. On the other hand, self-regulation therapy has been proven to reproduce the effects of drugs. Thus, it is feasible to hope that self-regulation therapy is equally effective as methylphenidate in changing personality and the gene expression. This is a preliminary study with a single-case experimental design with replication in which 2 subjects participated. The results and potential implications for research and psychotherapy are discussed.Amigó Borrás, S.; Caselles Moncho, A.; Micó Ruiz, JC. (2013). Self-Regulation Therapy to Reproduce Drug Effects: A Suggestion Technique to Change Personality and the DRD3 Gene Expression. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 61(3):282-304. doi:10.1080/00207144.2013.784094S282304613Accili, D., Fishburn, C. S., Drago, J., Steiner, H., Lachowicz, J. E., Park, B. H., … Fuchs, S. (1996). A targeted mutation of the D3 dopamine receptor gene is associated with hyperactivity in mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 93(5), 1945-1949. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.5.1945Amigó, S., Caselles, A., & Micó, J. C. (2008). A dynamic extraversion model. The brain’s response to a single dose of a stimulant drug. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 61(1), 211-231. doi:10.1348/000711007x185514Amigó, S., Caselles, A., & Micó, J. C. (2010). General Factor of Personality Questionnaire (GFPQ): Only one Factor to Understand Personality? The Spanish journal of psychology, 13(1), 5-17. doi:10.1017/s1138741600003644Barbanti, P., Bronzetti, E., Ricci, A., Cerbo, R., Fabbrini, G., Buzzi, M. G., … Lenzi, G. L. (1996). Increased density of dopamine D5 receptor in peripheral blood lymphocytes of migraineurs: a marker for migraine? Neuroscience Letters, 207(2), 73-76. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(96)12491-5Barbanti, P., Fabbrini, G., Ricci, A., Bruno, G., Cerbo, R., Bronzetti, E., … Luigi Lenzi, G. (2000). Reduced density of dopamine D2-like receptors on peripheral blood lymphocytes in Alzheimer’s disease. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, 120(1-3), 65-75. doi:10.1016/s0047-6374(00)00183-4Barbanti, P., Fabbrini, G., Ricci, A., Pascali, M. P., Bronzetti, E., Amenta, F., … Cerbo, R. (2000). Migraine Patients Show an Increased Density of Dopamine D3 and D4 Receptors on Lymphocytes. Cephalalgia, 20(1), 15-19. doi:10.1046/j.1468-2982.2000.00001.xBarr, G. A., Sharpless, N. S., Cooper, S., Schiff, S. R., Paredes, W., & Bridger, W. H. (1983). Classical conditioning, decay and extinction of cocaine-induced hyperactivity and stereotypy. Life Sciences, 33(14), 1341-1351. doi:10.1016/0024-3205(83)90817-2Baumann, F. (1970). Hypnosis and the Adolescent Drug Abuser. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 13(1), 17-21. doi:10.1080/00029157.1970.10402074Bayot, A., Capafons, A., & Cardeña, E. (1997). Emotional Self-Regulation Therapy: A New and Efficacious Treatment for Smoking. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 40(2), 146-156. doi:10.1080/00029157.1997.10403418Berke, J. D., Paletzki, R. F., Aronson, G. J., Hyman, S. E., & Gerfen, C. R. (1998). A Complex Program of Striatal Gene Expression Induced by Dopaminergic Stimulation. The Journal of Neuroscience, 18(14), 5301-5310. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-14-05301.1998Blachly, P. H. (1971). An «Electric Needle» for Aversive Conditioning of the Needle Ritual. International Journal of the Addictions, 6(2), 327-328. doi:10.3109/10826087109057791Brown, E., Robertson, G., & Fibiger, H. (1992). Evidence for conditional neuronal activation following exposure to a cocaine-paired environment: role of forebrain limbic structures. The Journal of Neuroscience, 12(10), 4112-4121. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.12-10-04112.1992Caine, S., & Koob, G. (1993). Modulation of cocaine self-administration in the rat through D-3 dopamine receptors. Science, 260(5115), 1814-1816. doi:10.1126/science.8099761Capafons, A., & Amigoó, S. (1995). Emotional Self-Regulation Therapy for Smoking Reduction: Description and Initial Empirical Data. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 43(1), 7-19. doi:10.1080/00207149508409372Caselles, A., Micó, J. C., & Amigó, S. (2010). Cocaine addiction and personality: A mathematical model. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 63(2), 449-480. doi:10.1348/000711009x470768Caselles, A., Micó, J. C., & Amigó, S. (2011). Dynamics of the General Factor of Personality in Response to a Single Dose of Caffeine. The Spanish journal of psychology, 14(2), 675-692. doi:10.5209/rev_sjop.2011.v14.n2.16Comings, D., Gade-Andavolu, R., Gonzalez, N., Wu, S., Muhleman, D., Blake, H., … MacMurray, J. (2001). A multivariate analysis of 59 candidate genes in personality traits: the temperament and character inventory. Clinical Genetics, 58(5), 375-385. doi:10.1034/j.1399-0004.2000.580508.xCzermak, C., Lehofer, M., Renger, H., Wagner, E. M., Lemonis, L., Rohrhofer, A., … Liebmann, P. M. (2004). Dopamine receptor D3 mRNA expression in human lymphocytes is negatively correlated with the personality trait of persistence. Journal of Neuroimmunology, 150(1-2), 145-149. doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.01.009Daly, S. A., & Waddington, J. L. (1993). Behavioural effects of the putative D-3 dopamine receptor agonist 7-OH-DPAT in relation to other «D-2-like» agonists. Neuropharmacology, 32(5), 509-510. doi:10.1016/0028-3908(93)90177-5Gilbert, D. G., & Hagen, R. L. (1985). Electrodermal responses to movie stressors: Nicotine × extraversion interactions. Personality and Individual Differences, 6(5), 573-578. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(85)90006-6Gilbert, D. B., Millar, J., & Cooper, S. J. (1995). The putative dopamine D3 agonist, 7-OH-DPAT, reduces dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens and electrical self-stimulation to the ventral tegmentum. Brain Research, 681(1-2), 1-7. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)00247-nHastings, A. (2006). An Extended Nondrug MDMA-Like Experience Evoked Through Posthypnotic Suggestion. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 38(3), 273-283. doi:10.1080/02791072.2006.10399853Ilani, T., Ben-Shachar, D., Strous, R. D., Mazor, M., Sheinkman, A., Kotler, M., & Fuchs, S. (2001). A peripheral marker for schizophrenia: Increased levels of D3 dopamine receptor mRNA in blood lymphocytes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(2), 625-628. doi:10.1073/pnas.98.2.625Kollins, S. H., MacDonald, E. K., & Rush, C. R. (2001). Assessing the abuse potential of methylphenidate in nonhuman and human subjects: a review. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 68(3), 611-627. doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(01)00464-6Lejeune, F., & Millan, M. J. (1995). Activation of dopamine D3 autoreceptors inhibits firing of ventral tegmental dopaminergic neurones in vivo. European Journal of Pharmacology, 275(3), R7-R9. doi:10.1016/0014-2999(95)00106-uLevant, B. (1998). Differential distribution of D3 dopamine receptors in the brains of several mammalian species. Brain Research, 800(2), 269-274. doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00529-0LEVINE, D. G. (1974). «Needle Freaks»: Compulsive Self-Injection Drug Users. American Journal of Psychiatry, 131(3), 297-300. doi:10.1176/ajp.131.3.297LYNCH, J. J., STEIN, E. A., & FERTZIGER, A. P. (1976). AN ANALYSIS OF 70 YEARS OF MORPHINE CLASSICAL CONDITIONING. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 163(1), 47-58. doi:10.1097/00005053-197607000-00007Merchant, K. M., Figur, L. M., & Evans, D. L. (1996). Induction of c-fos mRNA in Rat Medial Prefrontal Cortex by Antipsychotic Drugs: Role of Dopamine D2 and D3 Receptors. Cerebral Cortex, 6(4), 561-570. doi:10.1093/cercor/6.4.561Muntaner, C., Cascella, N. G., Kumor, K. M., Nagoshi, C., Herning, R., & Jaffe, J. (1989). Placebo responses to cocaine administration in humans: effects of prior administrations and verbal instructions. Psychopharmacology, 99(2), 282-286. doi:10.1007/bf00442823Musek, J. (2007). A general factor of personality: Evidence for the Big One in the five-factor model. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(6), 1213-1233. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2007.02.003Nagai, Y., Ueno, S., Saeki, Y., Soga, F., Hirano, M., & Yanagihara, T. (1996). Decrease of the D3 dopamine receptor mRNA expression in lymphocytes from patients with Parkinson’s disease. Neurology, 46(3), 791-795. doi:10.1212/wnl.46.3.791Neisewander, J. L., Baker, D. A., Fuchs, R. A., Tran-Nguyen, L. T. L., Palmer, A., & Marshall, J. F. (2000). Fos Protein Expression and Cocaine-Seeking Behavior in Rats after Exposure to a Cocaine Self-Administration Environment. The Journal of Neuroscience, 20(2), 798-805. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-02-00798.2000IMissbrandt, H., Ekman, A., Eriksson, E., & Heilig, M. (1995). Dopamine D3 receptor antisense influences dopamine synthesis in rat brain. NeuroReport, 6(3), 573-576. doi:10.1097/00001756-199502000-00041O’BRIEN, C. P., CHILDRESS, A. R., McLELLAN, A. T., & EHRMAN, R. (1992). Classical Conditioning in Drug-Dependent Humans. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 654(1 The Neurobiol), 400-415. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb25984.xO’Brien, C. P., Nace, E. P., Mintz, J., Meyers, A. L., & Ream, N. (1980). Follow-up of Vietnam veterans. I. relapse to drug use after Vietnam service. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 5(5), 333-340. doi:10.1016/0376-8716(80)90159-3Pilla, M., Perachon, S., Sautel, F., Garrido, F., Mann, A., Wermuth, C. G., … Sokoloff, P. (1999). Selective inhibition of cocaine-seeking behaviour by a partial dopamine D3 receptor agonist. Nature, 400(6742), 371-375. doi:10.1038/22560Post, R. M., Lockfeld, A., Squillace, K. M., & Contel, N. R. (1981). Drug-environment interaction: Context dependency of cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization. Life Sciences, 28(7), 755-760. doi:10.1016/0024-3205(81)90157-0Ricci, A., Bronzetti, E., Mignini, F., Tayebati, S. K., Zaccheo, D., & Amenta, F. (1999). Dopamine D1-like receptor subtypes in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Journal of Neuroimmunology, 96(2), 234-240. doi:10.1016/s0165-5728(99)00042-9Schiltz, C. A., Kelley, A. E., & Landry, C. F. (2005). Contextual cues associated with nicotine administration increasearcmRNA expression in corticolimbic areas of the rat brain. European Journal of Neuroscience, 21(6), 1703-1711. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04001.xSchutte, N. S., Malouff, J. M., Segrera, E., Wolf, A., & Rodgers, L. (2003). States reflecting the Big Five dimensions. Personality and Individual Differences, 34(4), 591-603. doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00031-4Smith, B. D., Rockwell-Tischer, S., & Davidson, R. (1986). Extraversion and arousal: Effects of attentional conditions on electrodermal activity. Personality and Individual Differences, 7(3), 293-303. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(86)90004-8Stewart, J., de Wit, H., & Eikelboom, R. (1984). Role of unconditioned and conditioned drug effects in the self-administration of opiates and stimulants. Psychological Review, 91(2), 251-268. doi:10.1037/0033-295x.91.2.251Strange, P. G. (1993). New insights into dopamine receptors in the central nervous system. Neurochemistry International, 22(3), 223-236. doi:10.1016/0197-0186(93)90050-fSuzuki, M., Hurd, Y. L., Sokoloff, P., Schwartz, J.-C., & Sedvall, G. (1998). D3 dopamine receptor mRNA is widely expressed in the human brain. Brain Research, 779(1-2), 58-74. doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(97)01078-0Takahashi, N., Nagai, Y., Ueno, S., Saeki, Y., & Yanagihara, T. (1992). Human peripheral blood lymphocytes express D5 dopamine receptor gene and transcribe the two pseudogenes. FEBS Letters, 314(1), 23-25. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(92)81452-rTorres, G., & Rivier, C. (1994). Induction of c-fos in rat brain by acute cocaine and fenfluramine exposure: a comparison study. Brain Research, 647(1), 1-9. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)91391-9Volkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., Fowler, J. S., Gatley, S. J., Logan, J., Ding, Y.-S., … Pappas, N. (1998). Dopamine Transporter Occupancies in the Human Brain Induced by Therapeutic Doses of Oral Methylphenidate. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155(10), 1325-1331. doi:10.1176/ajp.155.10.1325Volkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., Fowler, J. S., Telang, F., Maynard, L., Logan, J., … Swanson, J. M. (2004). Evidence That Methylphenidate Enhances the Saliency of a Mathematical Task by Increasing Dopamine in the Human Brain. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161(7), 1173-1180. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.7.1173Vorel, S. R., Ashby, C. R., Paul, M., Liu, X., Hayes, R., Hagan, J. J., … Gardner, E. L. (2002). Dopamine D3Receptor Antagonism Inhibits Cocaine-Seeking and Cocaine-Enhanced Brain Reward in Rats. The Journal of Neuroscience, 22(21), 9595-9603. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-21-09595.2002Yano, M., & Steiner, H. (2004). Topography of Methylphenidate (Ritalin)-Induced Gene Regulation in the Striatum: Differential Effects on c-Fos, Substance P and Opioid Peptides. Neuropsychopharmacology, 30(5), 901-915. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.130061

Exploiting Class Labels to Boost Performance on Embedding-based Text Classification

Text classification is one of the most frequent tasks for processing textual data, facilitating among others research from large-scale datasets. Embeddings of different kinds have recently become the de facto standard as features used for text classification. These embeddings have the capacity to capture meanings of words inferred from occurrences in large external collections. While they are built out of external collections, they are unaware of the distributional characteristics of words in the classification dataset at hand, including most importantly the distribution of words across classes in training data. To make the most of these embeddings as features and to boost the performance of classifiers using them, we introduce a weighting scheme, Term Frequency-Category Ratio (TF-CR), which can weight high-frequency, category-exclusive words higher when computing word embeddings. Our experiments on eight datasets show the effectiveness of TF-CR, leading to improved performance scores over the well-known weighting schemes TF-IDF and KLD as well as over the absence of a weighting scheme in most cases.Comment: CIKM 202

Bandt-Pompe symbolization dynamics for time series with tied values: A data-driven approach

In 2002, Bandt and Pompe [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 174102 (2002)] introduced a successfully symbolic encoding scheme based on the ordinal relation between the amplitude of neighboring values of a given data sequence, from which the permutation entropy can be evaluated. Equalities in the analyzed sequence, for example, repeated equal values, deserve special attention and treatment as was shown recently by Zunino and co-workers [Phys. Lett. A 381, 1883 (2017)]. A significant number of equal values can give rise to false conclusions regarding the underlying temporal structures in practical contexts. In the present contribution, we review the different existing methodologies for treating time series with tied values by classifying them according to their different strategies. In addition, a novel data-driven imputation is presented that proves to outperform the existing methodologies and avoid the false conclusions pointed by Zunino and co-workers.Fil: Traversaro Varela, Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Lanús; ArgentinaFil: Redelico, Francisco Oscar. Hospital Italiano; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; ArgentinaFil: Risk, Marcelo. Hospital Italiano; Argentina. Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Frery, Alejandro César. Universidade Federal de Alagoas; BrasilFil: Rosso, Osvaldo Aníbal. Hospital Italiano; Argentina. Universidade Federal de Alagoas; Brasil. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Los Andes; Chil

Low temperature microwave emission from molecular clusters

We investigate the experimental detection of the electromagnetic radiation generated in the fast magnetization reversal in Mn12-acetate at low temperatures. In our experiments we used large single crystals and assemblies of several small single crystals of Mn12-acetate placed inside a cylindrical stainless steel waveguide in which an InSb hot electron device was also placed to detect the radiation. All this was set inside a SQUID magnetometer that allowed to change the magnetic field and measure the magnetic moment and the temperature of the sample as the InSb detected simultaneously the radiation emitted from the molecular magnets. Our data show a sequential process in which the fast inversion of the magnetic moment first occurs, then the radiation is detected by the InSb device, and finally the temperature of the sample increases during 15 ms to subsequently recover its original value in several hundreds of milliseconds.Comment: changed conten

Nanoindentation study of the interfacial zone between cellulose fiber and cement matrix in extruded composites

[EN] The present study shows the application of the nanoindentation technique to evaluate the properties of the cellulose fiber-cement matrix interfacial zone in composites prepared with an auger extruder. The degree of strength of the bond between fiber and matrix is recognized as important variable that influences macro-mechanical properties, such as modulus of rupture and toughness of cement based composites. The nanoindentation measurements showed the highest hardness and elastic modulus in the part inner of the cellulosic fiber after hydration process due to precipitation and re-precipitation of cement hydration products. These results indicate that mineralization of the cellulosic fibers can affect the stress distribution and interfacial bond strength in the cement based composite.The authors acknowledge by financial support provided by Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP, process no 2013/03823-8), Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES, process no 3886/2014) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq, process no 152069/2016), in Brazil. Special thanks for Fibria and Infibra for providing raw materials the development of this work.Teixeira, R.; Tonoli, G.; Santos, S.; Rayón, E.; Amigó, V.; Savastano, HJ.; Rocco Lahr, F. (2018). Nanoindentation study of the interfacial zone between cellulose fiber and cement matrix in extruded composites. Cement and Concrete Composites. 85:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.09.018S188

An assessment of microstructure and properties of laser clad coatings of ultrafine eutectic beta Ti-Fe-Nb-Sn composite for implants

[EN] High mechanical strength (1800¿2500 MPa), elastic modulus (50¿110 GPa) close to that of human bone and good corrosion resistance are some characteristics of ultrafine eutectic Ti-based nanocomposite alloys. This is explained due to a combination of soft ß-Ti (bcc) matrix and hard/refined TiFe and/or Ti3Sn intermetallic particles. The present study focuses on the production and characterization of Ti-Fe-Nb-Sn eutectic alloys using biocompatible ß-stabilizer elements, such as Nb, Fe and Sn. Different fabrication techniques based on rapid solidification may be highlighted considering the application of these alloys as implant materials. In the present investigation, the processing routes comprise single tracks and coatings (overlapped tracks) by laser melting of pre-alloyed powders of the Ti66Fe20Nb8Sn6 alloy deposited into a Ti substrate. To select this composition (i.e., the Ti66Fe20Nb8Sn6 alloy), three Ti-Fe-Nb based chemistries (Ti63Fe23Nb8Sn6, Ti60Fe23Nb8Sn9 and Ti66Fe20Nb8Sn6) were originally generated under bulk conditions by using a suction casting apparatus. These alloys were further evaluated. All samples were analyzed by metallography, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EBSD and SEM-EDS), microhardness, nanohardness and elastic modulus. The results showed that the proportions of the formed TiFe and Ti3Sn intermetallic particles dispersed within the soft ß-Ti matrix play a fundamental role on the final properties. Lower elastic modulus (E ~72 GPa) is associated with the Ti66Fe20Nb8Sn6 bulk alloy. The laser clad coatings showed a broad range of nanohardness (4.8¿8.0 GPa) and elastic modulus (98¿150 GPa) depending on the related laser power and scanning speeds.The authors acknowledge the financial supports provided by CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development - Universal Project # 473777/2011-8) and by FAPESP (Sao Paulo State Research Foundation - Thematic Project # 2013/05987-8). Furthermore, we are grateful for the Grants (#2015/17090-8 - BEPE of A.L.V. and # 2015/19978-6 - BPE of C.R.M.A.) provided by FAPESP.Afonso, CRM.; Vidilli, AL.; Spinelli, JE.; Riva, R.; Amigó, V.; Kiminami, CS. (2017). An assessment of microstructure and properties of laser clad coatings of ultrafine eutectic beta Ti-Fe-Nb-Sn composite for implants. Surface and Coatings Technology. 328:161-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.08.035S16117132

Sequential motif profile of natural visibility graphs

6 figures captioned6 figures captione