Associations of childhood and adolescent depression with adult psychiatric and functional outcomes

Objective: Depression is common, impairing, and the leading cause of disease burden in youth. This study aimed to identify the effects of childhood/adolescent depression on a broad range of longer-term outcomes. Method :The analysis is based on the prospective, representative Great Smoky Mountains Study of 1,420 participants. Participants were assessed with the structured Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment interview up to 8 times in childhood (ages 9 to 16; 6,674 observations; 1993 to 2000) for DSM-based depressive disorders, associated psychiatric comorbidities and childhood adversities. Participants were followed up 4 times in adulthood (ages 19, 21, 25, and 30; 4,556 observations of 1,336 participants; 1999 to 2015) with the structured Young Adult Psychiatric Assessment Interview for psychiatric outcomes and functional outcomes. Results: 7.7% of participants met criteria for a depressive disorder in childhood/adolescence. Any childhood/adolescent depression was associated with higher levels of adult anxiety and illicit drug disorders and also with worse health, criminal, and social functioning; these associations persisted when childhood psychiatric comorbidities and adversities were accounted for. No sex-specific patterns were identified. However, timing of depression mattered: Individuals with adolescent-onset depression had worse outcomes than those with child-onset. Average depressive symptoms throughout childhood and adolescence was associated with more adverse outcomes. Finally, specialty mental health service use was protective against adult diagnostic outcomes. Conclusion: Early depression and especially persistent childhood/adolescent depressive symptoms have robust, lasting associations with adult functioning. Some of these effects may be attenuated by service use

The Contribution of Critical Thinking Attitude and Cognitive Styles of Learning in Predicting of Academic Performance of Tabriz University’s Students

The main goal of this descriptive-correlation research was nomination of contribution of critical thinking attitude and cognitive styles of learning in predicting of students’ academic performance. So, 301 students of Tabriz University’s undergraduate ones were chosen by cluster random sampling method and they reported average of their grades and accomplished California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory and Kolb Learning Style Inventory. Findings: critical thinking attitude (Beta=0.132) and reflective observation (Beta=-0.136) predicted 5% variance of academic performance (

COD removal from gasfield produced water using photoelectrocatalysis process on coil type microreactor

A special type of reactor with a high active surface-to-volume ratio was used for investigation of organic pollutants degradation from a gasfield produced water by photoelectrocatalysis process. The GC–MS analysis showed that there were more than 50 organic substances in this wastewater; therefore, COD was considered as the target parameter for studying. A simple evaporation process used for decreasing high TDS of the wastewater reduced its electrical conductivity from 6300 μS/cm to 1100 μS/cm and also initial COD decreased simultaneously from 9500 mg/L to 750 mg/L. Distilled wastewater from the evaporation process was treated again by the photoelectrocatalysis process using a coil type microreactor, and its COD dropped off to 143 mg/L. Instead of usual semiconductors in photoelectrocatalysis like TiO2, boron carbon nitride (BCN) nanosheets are used as a photocatalyst in this study. Investigating the impact of different parameters on COD removal efficiency showed that the greatest COD removal efficiency (81%) was obtained at residence time 15 min, pH = 3, applied cell voltage 20 V, electrical conductivity = 2500 μS/cm and H2O2 concentration of 8 mM. © 2021 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistr

Adolescent depression and adult labor market marginalization : a longitudinal cohort study

Adolescent depression is linked to adult ill-health and functional impairment, but recent research suggests that individual/contextual factors might account for this association. This study aimed to test whether the clinical heterogeneity of adolescent depression is related to marginalization from the labor market across early to middle adulthood. Data were drawn from the Uppsala Longitudinal Adolescent Depression Study, a community-based cohort initially assessed with structured clinical interviews at age 16-17. The cohort (n = 321 depressed; n = 218 nondepressed) was followed up after 2+ decades through linkage to nationwide population-based registries. Outcomes included consecutive annual data on unemployment, work disability, social welfare recipiency, and a composite marginalization measure, spanning from age 21 to 40. Longitudinal associations were examined using logistic regression analysis in a generalized estimating equations modeling framework. Subsequent depressive episodes and educational attainment in early adulthood were explored as potential pathways. The results showed that adolescent depression was associated with adult marginalization outcomes, but the strength of association varied across depressed subgroups. Adolescents with persistent depressive disorder had higher odds of all outcomes, including the composite marginalization measure (adjusted OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.4-2.7, p < 0.001), and this was partially (31%) mediated by subsequent depressive episodes in early adulthood. Exploratory moderation analysis revealed that entry into tertiary education mitigated the association with later marginalization, but only for adolescents with episodic major depression. In conclusion, the risk for future labor market marginalization is elevated among depressed adolescents, particularly those presenting with persistent depressive disorder. Targeted interventions seem crucial to mitigate the long-lasting impact of early-onset depression

Realization of a 33 GHz phononic crystal fabricated in a freestanding membrane

Phononic crystals (PnCs) are man-made structures with periodically varying material properties such as density, ρ, and elastic modulus, E. Periodic variations of the material properties with nanoscale characteristic dimensions yield PnCs that operate at frequencies above 10 GHz, allowing for the manipulation of thermal properties. In this article, a 2D simple cubic lattice PnC operating at 33 GHz is reported. The PnC is created by nanofabrication with a focused ion beam. A freestanding membrane of silicon is ion milled to create a simple cubic array of 32 nm diameter holes that are subsequently backfilled with tungsten to create inclusions at a spacing of 100 nm. Simulations are used to predict the operating frequency of the PnC. Additional modeling shows that milling a freestanding membrane has a unique characteristic; the exit via has a conical shape, or trumpet-like appearance