Colour Confinement and Deformed Baryons in Quantum Chromodynamics

The confinement of coloured entities in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is traced to colour singletness of the observed entities. This is believed to arise from colour singlet state of quark-antiquark for mesons and a fully colour antisymmetric state for baryons. This demands a spherically symmetric baryon in the ground state. However it is pointed out that a deformed baryon in the ground state has been found to be extremely successful phenomenology. There are convincing experimental supports for a deformed nucleon as well. This means that something has been missed in the fundamental theory. In this paper this problem is traced to a new colour singlet state for baryons which has been missed hitherto and incorporation of which provides a consistent justification of a deformed baryon in the ground state. Interestingly this new colour singlet state is global in nature.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figur

Surface Tension at Finite Tempearture in the MIT Bag Model

At $T = 0$ the surface tension $\sigma ^{1/3}$ in the MIT bag model for a single hadron is known to be negligible as compared to the bag pressure $B^{1/4}$. We show that at finite temperature it has a substantial value of 50 - 70 MeV which also differ from hadron to hadron. We also find that the dynamics of the Quark-Gluon Plasma is such that the creation of hybrids $(s\bar{s}g)$ with massive quarks will predominate over the creation of $(s\bar{s})$ mesons.Comment: Substantial changes in the revised version and a new author included, 13 pages in Latex and one figur

Parton distribution functions and quark orbital motion

Covariant version of the quark-parton model is studied. Dependence of the structure functions and parton distributions on the 3D quark intrinsic motion is discussed. The important role of the quark orbital momentum, which is a particular case of intrinsic motion, appears as a direct consequence of the covariant description. Effect of orbital motion is substantial especially for polarized structure functions. At the same time, the procedure for obtaining the quark momentum distributions of polarized quarks from the combination of polarized and unpolarized structure functions is suggested.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figures, 1 table. Paper is accepted for publication in Eur.Phys.J.

Newly Discovered RR Lyrae Stars in the SDSSXPanXSTARRS1XCatalina Footprint

We present the detection of 6,371 RR Lyrae (RRL) stars distributed across ~14,000 deg^2 of the sky from the combined data of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System 1 (PS1), and the second photometric catalogue from the Catalina Survey (CSDR2), out of these, ~2,021 RRL stars (~572 RRab and 1,449 RRc) are new discoveries. The RRL stars have heliocentric distances in the 4--28 kpc distance range. RRL-like color cuts from the SDSS and variability cuts from the PS1 are used to cull our candidate list. We then use the CSDR2 multi-epoch data to refine our sample. Periods were measured using the Analysis of Variance technique while the classification process is performed with the Template Fitting Method in addition to the visual inspection of the light curves. A cross-match of our RRL star discoveries with previous published catalogs of RRL stars yield completeness levels of ~50% for both RRab and RRc stars, and an efficiency of ~99% and ~87% for RRab and RRc stars, respectively. We show that our method for selecting RRL stars allows us to recover halo structures. The full lists of all the RRL stars are made publicly available.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures. Accepted 2014 March 30. Received 2014 March 12; in original form 2013 November 2

Bounds and Inequalities Relating h-Index, g-Index, e-Index and Generalized Impact Factor

Finding relationships among different indices such as h-index, g-index, e-index, and generalized impact factor is a challenging task. In this paper, we describe some bounds and inequalities relating h-index, g-index, e-index, and generalized impact factor. We derive the bounds and inequalities relating these indexing parameters from their basic definitions and without assuming any continuous model to be followed by any of them.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures, 5 table

Numerical Experimental Investigation of Solidification Thickness around Cylindrical Surfaces for HVAC Cold Storage Systems

Thermal Ice Storage System (TISS) is an innovative way of storing night-time off-peak energy for daytime peak USAge. In many locations, demand for electrical power peaks during summer time. Air-conditioning equipment are the main reason accounting for as much as half of the power demand during the hot mid-day hours when electricity is most expensive. Since utilities have spare electrical generating capacity at night, electricity generated during this ldquo;off-peakrdquo; is much less expensive. In this research a numerical model for Latent Heat Storage (LHS) cylindrical tank has been obtained from a numerical package, ANSYS software ver. 15, and compared to an experimental data gathered from similar tank. The data showed good agreement with the experimental data with an error of 9%. The numerical model can be used to estimate ice thickness and tank geometries for any future work