ROLE OF PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CENTRIC BREAST CANCER RECURRENCE

The purpose of the study was to define the factors influencing the development of a recurrence depending on the volume of surgical intervention and to investigate the possibility of performing organ-saving surgery (OSS) for centric breast cancer.The study used the clinical findings of 200 patients treated at the Department of Radiosurgery, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center in 1996 to 2006. According to the volume of surgical intervention, the patients were divided into 2 groups: 1) 106 patients who had undergone radical mastectomy; 2) 94 patients who had undergone radical resection. According to our data, the disease progressed in 32 (16%) cases. There were 12 local recurrences: in 8 (7.5%) and 4 (4.2%) cases after radical mastectomy and radical resection, respec- tively. The findings suggest that OSS may be performed after carefully patient selection, with all contraindications being kept in mind

Influence of the participatory budgeting on the infrastructural development of the territories in the Russian federation

The relevance of the investigated problem is caused by the need for the advancing of participatory budgeting practice in the Russian Federation. Due to insufficient development of theoretical, scientific, and methodological aspects of the participatory budgeting, very few territories in the Russian Federation use this tool effectively. The most important issue to be addressed is increasing the effectiveness of involving of local communities in the process of the rational allocation of budgetary funds. The objective of this paper is to study how participatory budgeting influences the potential of infrastructural development of territories in the Russian Federation. The leading methods of investigation of the problem include analyzing the common practices in certain regions and specifying the different categories of participatory budgeting. Using these methods, the authors consider the participatory budgeting as a process of allocating the budget funds to address the primary local problems, which leads to improving territorial infrastructure development. The results of the given research include updated conceptual basis of participatory budgeting; indicators reflecting the influence of the participatory budgeting on infrastructural development and criteria for its implementation in the municipalities; organizational chart clarifying the methodological aspects of different types of the participatory budgeting; and classification of territorial development mechanisms based on the participatory budgeting models of financing municipal projects. The practical significance of the given research is focused on the development of the practice of the relevant projects financing through the participatory budgeting in the Russian regions by systematizing their conceptual frameworks. Results of the study can be used by regional and municipal authorities to improve the relevant legislation, and by representatives of local communities to increase their participation in the budgeting process. © 2016 Tsurkan et al

Characteristics of Hantaviruses as Causative Agents of the Zoonotic Hemorrhagic Fevers

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) has been a major concern for public health in different countries of the Euroasian continent for decades. In 1970s the disease was associated with newly discovered viruses that were to become new members (under the genus Hantavirus) of the family Bunyaviridae. During a deadly outbreak of pulmonary syndrome in the southwestern United States in 1993, it was shown that causative agents of this devastating disease (designated hantavirus cardio-pulmonary syndrome, HCPS) were also hantaviruses. By now hantaviruses are found worldwide and associated with different species of the order Rodentia , which are their natural carriers. Hantaviruses persistently infect rodents, however do not cause any disease in them and are transmitted to humans through aerosolized excreta. For a long time studies of hantaviruses were limited by their high pathogenicity, absence of animal model of infection, and poor growth in cell cultures. With the rapid development of molecular biological techniques in last several years substantial progress has been made in various fields of hantavirus research. Different aspects of hantavirus ecology, molecular biology, morphology and pathogenesis, as well as current diagnostic methods and other characteristics of hantaviruses are considered in this review

Carbohydrate-Based Adjuvants for Vaccine Production

Addition of adjuvants is a generally recognized method of enhancing the immunogenicity of vaccines. There is a large variety of  adjuvants, therefore the choice of an adjuvant is based on the  comparison of adjuvants efficacy in animal models, as well as  assessment of their safety and tolerability. There are many different  groups of substances that may have adjuvant properties, but  relatively little attention is paid to carbohydrate-based adjuvants, despite the fact that they are compatible with live vector  vaccines, safe, well tolerated, and their production is not laborious.  Thanks to these advantages the use of these particular adjuvants in  combination with any type of vaccine, including vector vaccines and  DNA vaccines, may be most appropriate and promising. This review  examines various types of carbohydrate adjuvants and the  mechanisms that determine their efficacy

Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (History, problems and Research Perspectives)

The work is devoted to clarify the etiological aspects of the hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), clinical and epidemiological features that are closely linked to the etiology, as well as to development of methods and products for specific diagnosis and vaccine prevention of hantavirus infection. That regard to hantaviruses a set of virological, immunological and molecular-genetics methods were developed significantly enhance the effectiveness of the specific diagnostics of HFRS. The features of humoral immunity in HFRS were identified and atypical clinical forms of HFRS was istablished; indicators of natural immunity to hantavirus in the population living in different regions of Russia and the former Soviet republics have been identified that allowed us to refine nosological area of HFRS; new, previously unknown natural foci of HFRS, including hantavirus RNA, in the central regions of Russia and in the subtropical zone of Krasnodar region have been identified and studied; 76 strains and 70 isolates of 9 rodent species and one species of birds, as well as from the blood of patients with HFRS and sectional materials from HFRS dead patients have been isolated and identified; new hantavirus species - Khabarovsk, Taimyr-Topografov, Adler, as well as two new genotypes Dobrava/Belgrad virus - Kurkino and Sochi have been identified; species composition of small mammals - the natural reservoir of hantaviruses was the refined; etiological role and epidemiological importance of different hantaviruse types in HFRS incidence structure was established; the existence of new etiologically distinct hantavirus infections with significant epidemiological differences has been proven; manufacturing techniques and methods of control of the culture inactivated vaccine against HFRS has been developed

Адъюванты на основе углеводов для производства вакцин

Addition of adjuvants is a generally recognized method of enhancing the immunogenicity of vaccines. There is a large variety of  adjuvants, therefore the choice of an adjuvant is based on the  comparison of adjuvants efficacy in animal models, as well as  assessment of their safety and tolerability. There are many different  groups of substances that may have adjuvant properties, but  relatively little attention is paid to carbohydrate-based adjuvants, despite the fact that they are compatible with live vector  vaccines, safe, well tolerated, and their production is not laborious.  Thanks to these advantages the use of these particular adjuvants in  combination with any type of vaccine, including vector vaccines and  DNA vaccines, may be most appropriate and promising. This review  examines various types of carbohydrate adjuvants and the  mechanisms that determine their efficacy. Общепризнанным способом усиления иммуногенности вакцин является добавление в их состав адъювантов. Последние характеризуются большим разнообразием, поэтому подбор  адъюванта осуществляется путем сравнения эффективности адъювантов на моделях  животных, а также оценки их безопасности и переносимости. Среди множества различных  групп веществ, потенциально обладающих адъювантными свойствами, сравнительно мало  внимания уделяют адъювантам на основе углеводов, несмотря на то, что они совместимы с  живыми векторными вакцинами, безопасны, хорошо переносятся, а их производство не  отличается трудоемкостью. Благодаря этим преимуществам применение именно таких  адъювантов в сочетании с любым  типом вакцины, в том числе с векторной или ДНК-вакциной, может быть наиболее  целесообразным и перспективным. В настоящем обзоре рассмотрены различные типы  углеводных адъювантов и механизмы, определяющие их эффективность