The Calcium Carbonate Geological Samples Study by ³He NMR

© 2017 Springer-Verlag WienGeological samples of calcium carbonates (CaCO3) were investigated by 3He NMR, nitrogen porosimetry, X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy methods. The integral porosity of the samples was obtained by 3He nuclear magnetic resonance method and compared with nitrogen adsorption isotherms data. The advantages of 3He porometry method are discussed

Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis and Annealing of DyF 3

The series of DyF3 nanosized samples was synthesized by the colloidal chemistry method. The microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment was used for the first time for the modification of DyF3 nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy images show that the DyF3 nanoparticles have average particle size of about 16–18 nm and the size distribution becomes narrower during the microwave irradiation. The X-ray diffraction analysis shows the narrowing of the diffraction peaks versus microwave treatment time. The experimental data demonstrates restructuring of the nanoparticles and their crystal structure becomes closer to the ideal DyF3 regular structure during the microwave irradiation of colloidal solution. The defect-annealing model of the microwave-assisted hydrothermal modification process is suggested

Electron paramagnetic resonance and quantitative color investigations of various vacuum heat treated wood species

© Kazan Federal University (KFU). The effect of the heat treatment duration on the electron paramagnetic resonance signal amplitude of free radicals for various wood species was observed. It was found that the amplitude of the electron paramagnetic resonance signal grows linearly with the vacuum heat treatment duration. The quantitative measurements of color changes for various wood species (pine, spruce, larch, birch and small-leaved lime) were performed. It is found that results of EPR experiments and color measurements of heat treated samples correlate with each other

Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis and Annealing of DyF<inf>3</inf> Nanoparticles

© 2016 E. M. Alakshin et al.The series of DyF3 nanosized samples was synthesized by the colloidal chemistry method. The microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment was used for the first time for the modification of DyF3 nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy images show that the DyF3 nanoparticles have average particle size of about 16-18 nm and the size distribution becomes narrower during the microwave irradiation. The X-ray diffraction analysis shows the narrowing of the diffraction peaks versus microwave treatment time. The experimental data demonstrates restructuring of the nanoparticles and their crystal structure becomes closer to the ideal DyF3 regular structure during the microwave irradiation of colloidal solution. The defect-annealing model of the microwave-assisted hydrothermal modification process is suggested

New Antioxidant Genes from an Anhydrobiotic Insect: Unique Structural Features in Functional Motifs of Thioredoxins

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.Polipedilum vanderplanki is the most complex known organism able to survive body desiccation via entering a state of suspended metabolism called anhydrobiosis. This unique ability is based on the specific molecular machinery involving a synthesis of non-reducing sugar trehalose and a variety of protective proteins. Genes encoding these protective proteins are extensively duplicated in the P. vanderplanki genome and become hugely upregulated in response to desiccation. Some of these highly expressed genes encode substitutions of amino acids crucial for the function of corresponding proteins. An intriguing group of protective proteins in P. vanderplanki are thioredoxins (TRX). These antioxidant proteins are important for P. vanderplanki anhydrobiosis since desiccation is tightly related to the elevated production of free radicals and oxidative damage. The TRX set is unprecedentedly expanded in the P. vanderplanki genome up to 25 TRX genes. Genomes of congeneric midge Polipedilum nubifer, Apis mellifera, Drosophila melanogaster, and Anopheles gambiae encode only 3–7 TRX genes. Moreover, all three P. vanderplanki thioredoxin genes most expressed at 24 h of P. vanderplanki larva desiccation encode for proteins missing the typical CxxC motif

ПРИНЦИПИАЛЬНАЯ СХЕМА ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ МЕДНО-ЦИНКОВЫХ ОТХОДОВ МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ЛАТУНИ

The article proposes a recycling scheme for dusty waste generated during the metallurgical brass production with the use of two-stage leaching. During the first stage, when the dust is dissolved by a 0,5 mol/l sulfuric acid solution, a product solution containing the major amount of zinc ions (0,46 mol/l) and a small amount of copper ions (less than 0,02 mol/l) is obtained. Copper is sequentially electrochemically isolated from this solution, at a current density of 0,1 A/dm2, and then zinc is isolated at 5,0 A/dm2. The dry residue (cake) is subjected to copper-ammonia leaching, as a result of which all copper passes into the solution, and associated metals remain undissolved. In order to extract copper from the resulting solution, the liquid extraction by a 0,34 mol/l DH-510A solution in kerosene is used. Copper ions are extracted from the organic phase through re-extraction by a 2,0 mol/l sulfuric acid solution. The cathode copper is extracted from the obtained sulfuric acid electrolyte at current density of 1,5–2,0 A/dm2. The advantages of the proposed scheme are the increase in environmental friendliness through the use of solution recirculation at all stages of the process, as well as waste minimization through the entire process of dusty metallurgical sludge recycling.Предложена схема переработки пылевидных отходов, образующихся при металлургическом производстве латуни, с использованием двухстадийного выщелачивания. На первой стадии при растворении пыли раствором 0,5 моль/л серной кислоты получается продукционный раствор, содержащий основное количество ионов цинка (0,46 моль/л) и немного ионов меди (менее 0,02 моль/л). Из этого раствора последовательно электрохимически выделяется медь при плотности тока 0,1 А/дм2, а затем – цинк при 5,0 А/дм2. Cухой остаток (кек) подвергается медно-аммиачному выщелачиванию, в результате чего вся медь переходит в раствор, а сопутствующие металлы остаются в нерастворенном виде. Для извлечения меди из полученного раствора применяется жидкостная экстракция раствором 0,34 моль/л ДХ-510А в керосине. Из органической фазы ионы меди выделяются реэкстракцией раствором 2,0 моль/л серной кислоты. Из полученного сернокислого электролита при плотности тока 1,5–2,0 А/дм2 выделяется катодная медь. Преимуществами предложенной схемы являются повышение экологичности благодаря использованию рециркуляции растворов на всех стадиях процесса, а также минимизация отходов всего процесса переработки пылевидного металлургического шлама

Функция ионных каналов эпителиальных клеток при муковисцидозе

Cystic fibrosis is a systemic hereditary disease caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, which regulates the transport of electrolytes (mainly chloride) across the membranes of the epithelial cells that line excretory ducts of exocrine glands. Dysfunction of the CFTR protein reduces passage of chloride ions through cell membranes and disrupts the passage of sodium ions, bicarbonate ions, and water.The aim of the study was to analyze comprehensively functioning of chloride and alternative (sodium and calcium) channels in the epithelium of patients with cystic fibrosis in relation to the age using functional tests in vitro.Methods. We used data from medical histories of patients with cystic fibrosis and intestinal current measurements.Results. The function of the calcium channel decreased with age in people without cystic fibrosis and carriers of “severe” genotypes. The function of sodium, chloride, and calcium channels was lower in all age groups of patients with cystic fibrosis compared to controls (p &lt; 0.05). When comparing groups of patients with “severe genotype” and “mild genotype”, statistically significant differences were found in response to forskolin (p &lt; 0.05). Patients with “mild” genotypes had a residual function of the CFTR channel which decreased with age.Conclusion. For the first time, the functioning of chloride and alternative channels in cystic fibrosis have been described in relation to the age and the genotype of patients.Муковисцидоз (МВ) – системное наследственное заболевание, обусловленное мутациями в гене CFTR, который регулирует транспорт электролитов (главным образом хлора) через мембраны эпителиальных клеток, выстилающих выводные протоки экзокринных желез. Нарушение функции белка CFTR приводит к снижению пассажа ионов хлора через мембраны клеток и нарушению пассажа ионов натрия, бикарбонат-ионов, воды.Целью исследования явилось комплексное изучение функционирования хлорного и альтернативных (натриевых и кальциевых) каналов эпителия у пациентов с МВ в возрастном аспекте с использованием функциональных тестов in vitro.Материалы и методы. Использованы данные историй болезни пациентов с МВ и метод определения разницы кишечных потенциалов.Результаты. Установлено, что с возрастом снижается функция кальциевого канала у людей без МВ и носителей «тяжелых» генотипов при МВ. Функция натриевого, хлорного, кальциевого каналов ниже во всех возрастных группах у пациентов с МВ по сравнению с таковой у лиц контрольной группы (р &lt; 0,05). При сравнении групп пациентов с «тяжелым» и «мягким» генотипами выявлены статистически значимые различия в ответ на применение форсколина (р &lt; 0,05), при «мягких» генотипах действует остаточная функция CFTR-канала, которая снижается с возрастом.Заключение. Впервые описаны особенности функционирования хлорного и альтернативных каналов в возрастном аспекте при МВ с учетом генотипа пациентов

Multiplicity dependence of jet-like two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between unidentified charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The transverse-momentum range 0.7 $< p_{\rm{T}, assoc} < p_{\rm{T}, trig} <$ 5.0 GeV/$c$ is examined, to include correlations induced by jets originating from low momen\-tum-transfer scatterings (minijets). The correlations expressed as associated yield per trigger particle are obtained in the pseudorapidity range $|\eta|<0.9$. The near-side long-range pseudorapidity correlations observed in high-multiplicity p-Pb collisions are subtracted from both near-side short-range and away-side correlations in order to remove the non-jet-like components. The yields in the jet-like peaks are found to be invariant with event multiplicity with the exception of events with low multiplicity. This invariance is consistent with the particles being produced via the incoherent fragmentation of multiple parton--parton scatterings, while the yield related to the previously observed ridge structures is not jet-related. The number of uncorrelated sources of particle production is found to increase linearly with multiplicity, suggesting no saturation of the number of multi-parton interactions even in the highest multiplicity p-Pb collisions. Further, the number scales in the intermediate multiplicity region with the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions estimated with a Glauber Monte-Carlo simulation.Comment: 23 pages, 6 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 17, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/161