System environment "Brainstorm" for support of the inherited software

The problem of support of the inherited software, arising at accompaniment of existing applied programs packages is analyzed. Solution of the given problem with the help of system environment «BrainStorm v. 1.0» under MS Windows which allows to create and to accompany software packages which were carried out under MS-DOS is proposed. The basic mechanisms of system maintenance realized in «BrainStorm» are described. Results of testing of the given tool means are given

Real space finite difference method for conductance calculations

We present a general method for calculating coherent electronic transport in quantum wires and tunnel junctions. It is based upon a real space high order finite difference representation of the single particle Hamiltonian and wave functions. Landauer's formula is used to express the conductance as a scattering problem. Dividing space into a scattering region and left and right ideal electrode regions, this problem is solved by wave function matching (WFM) in the boundary zones connecting these regions. The method is tested on a model tunnel junction and applied to sodium atomic wires. In particular, we show that using a high order finite difference approximation of the kinetic energy operator leads to a high accuracy at moderate computational costs.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figure

ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗА ПРЕДСТАТЕЛЬНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ

Prostate tuberculosis is difficult to be diagnosed, especially if lesions are limited only by this organ. The article analyses the experience of differential diagnostics of prostate tuberculosis based on the data of examination of 84 patients. 45 of them were diagnosed with prostate tuberculosis, and 39 patients were diagnosed with chronic bacterial prostatitis. Pathognomonic diagnostics criteria of prostate tuberculosis were the following: detection of tuberculous mycobacteria in the prostatic fluid or ejaculate, signs of granulomatous prostatitis with areas of cavernous necrosis in prostate biopsy samples, and prostate cavities visualized by X-ray or ultrasound examinations. Should the above criteria be absent, the disease can be diagnosed based on the combination of indirect signs: symptoms of prostate inflammation with active tuberculosis of the other localization; large prostate calcification, extensive hyperechoic area of the prostate, spermatocystic lesions, leucospermia and hemospermia, failure of the adequate non-specific anti-bacterial therapy.Туберкулез предстательной железы – труднодиагностируемое заболевание, особенно при изолированном ее поражении. В статье проанализирован опыт дифференциальной диагностики туберкулеза простаты на основании данных обследования 84 пациентов. У 45 из них диагностирован туберкулез предстательной железы, у 39 пациентов установлен диагноз хронического бактериального простатита. Патогномоничными диагностическими критериями туберкулеза простаты являлись: выявление микобактерий туберкулеза в секрете простаты или эякуляте; картина гранулематозного простатита с зонами казеозного некроза в биоптатах предстательной железы, а также каверны простаты по данным рентгенологического и/или ультразвукового исследований. В отсутствие этих критериев диагноз может быть установлен на основании сочетания косвенных признаков: симптомы воспаления предстательной железы в сочетании с наличием активного туберкулеза других локализаций; крупные кальцинаты простаты, обширные гиперэхогенные зоны в предстательной железе, поражение семенных пузырьков, лейко- и гематоспермия, неэффективность адекватной неспецифической антибактериальной терапии

How close can one approach the Dirac point in graphene experimentally?

The above question is frequently asked by theorists who are interested in graphene as a model system, especially in context of relativistic quantum physics. We offer an experimental answer by describing electron transport in suspended devices with carrier mobilities of several 10^6 cm^2V^-1s^-1 and with the onset of Landau quantization occurring in fields below 5 mT. The observed charge inhomogeneity is as low as \approx10^8 cm^-2, allowing a neutral state with a few charge carriers per entire micron-scale device. Above liquid helium temperatures, the electronic properties of such devices are intrinsic, being governed by thermal excitations only. This yields that the Dirac point can be approached within 1 meV, a limit currently set by the remaining charge inhomogeneity. No sign of an insulating state is observed down to 1 K, which establishes the upper limit on a possible bandgap

ИНТРАОПЕРАЦИОННАЯ ФОТОДИНАМИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ БОЛЬНЫХ РАКОМ ЖЕЛУДКА

Results of intraoperative photodynamic therapy (IOPDT) in patients with gastric cancer are represented in the article. The study included 240 patients with gastric cancer stage II-IV (Т3-4N0-3M0-1) with  evident or suspected peritoneal dissemination who underwent  examination and treatment in P.Herzen Moscow Oncology Research  Institute. The group 1, the study group, included 140 patients who  underwent nominally curative or palliative surgery for locally  advanced and disseminated gastric cancer with IOPDT as additional  intraoperative intervention for antiblastics and cancer treatment. The group 2, the control group, included 100 patients who also  underwent nominally curative or palliative surgery (equal to extent  of surgery in patients from the study group) for locally advanced and disseminated gastric cancer and no intraoperative implication of physical or chemical treatment methods. IOPDT did not worsen a course of early post-operative period, did not impact on severity of  post-operative complications and was not associated with increase of post-operative mortality. IOPDT allowed for improvement of 1-year  and 3-year disease-specifi c survival rates: by 16.1% and 16.7%,  respectively. For nominally curative resections, median survival, 1- year and 3-year disease-specifi c survival rates were improved by 14 months, 17.8% and 31.3%, respectively. For R1, R2 resections,  IOPDT improved 1-year disease-specifi c survival rates by 16.4%. Additionally, for nominally curative resections IOPDT did not increase the recurrence rate and improved median recurrence-free survival,  1-year and 3-year recurrence-free survival rates by 16 months,  27.2% and 25.4%, respectively. В статье представлены результаты применения интраоперационной фотодинамической терапии (ИОФДТ) у больных раком желудка. В исследование включены 240 пациентов  раком желудка II-IV стадии (Т3-4N0-3M0-1) с наличием или подозрением на  перитонеальную диссеминацию, которым в МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена были проведены  обследование и лечение. В первую, основную группу включено 140 больных, которым  выполнены условно-радикальные или паллиативные операции по поводу местно- распространенного и диссеминированного рака желудка с применением в качестве метода  дополнительного интраоперационного воздействия с целью интраоперационной  антибластики и противоопухолевого воздействия – ИОФДТ. Вторую, контрольную группу  составили 100 больных, которым были выполнены также условно-радикальные и  паллиативные операции (по объему соответствующие хирургическим вмешательствам у  больных основной группы) по поводу местно-распространенного и диссеминированного рака желудка без интраоперационного применения физических или химических методов  воздействия. ИОФДТ не ухудшила течение раннего послеоперационного периода, не влияла на тяжесть послеоперационных осложнений и не ассоциирована с увеличением  послеоперационной летальности. Проведение ИОФДТ позволило улучшить показатели 1- летней и 3-летней общей специфической выживаемости: на 16,1% и 16,7%, соответственно. При условно-радикальных операциях – медиану выживаемости на 14 мес, показатели 1- летней и 3-летней общей специфической выживаемости – на 17,8% и 31,3%, соответственно. При операциях в объеме R1, R2 проведение ИОФДТ улучшило 1- летнюю общую специфическую выживаемость на 16,4%. Кроме того, при условно- радикальных операциях проведение ИОФДТ не увеличило частоту рецидивов и улучшило медиану безрецидивной выживаемости на 16 мес, показатели 1-летней и 3-летней безрецидивной выживаемости – на 27,2% и 25,4%, соответственно

Уск оренная госпитальная реабилитация больных после расширенно-комбинированных операций по поводу рака грудного отдела пищевода и кардии

The efficacy of the protocol of preoperative preparation and accelerated rehabilitation of patients in surgical treatment of thoracic esophageal cancer was aevaluated. The protocol was based on the analysis of short-term results of surgical treatment of 190 patients with esophageal cancer. The algorithm devised at the Moscow Research Institute of Oncology was applied to 30 patients with cancer of the esophagus and cardia. Postoperative complications occurred in 12 (40 %) patients of the study group including surgical complications in 4 patients (chylothorax – 2, failure of the esophageal-intestinal anastomosis – 1, small bowel obstruction – 1). Nonsurgical complications in the absence of surgical ones were noted in 7 patients (pneumonia – 6, heart rhythm disturbances – 1). No lethal outcomes were registered. Patients in the control retrospective group (n=50) underwent surgeries in the same extent after the standard preoperative preparation. Postoperative complications in the control group occurred in 28 (48 %) cases, 4 (8 %) patients died. The median postoperative hospital stay was 11 days (range: 10–29 days) in the study group and 18 days in the control group. Accordingly, the above protocol of preoperative examination and preparation of patients allows the frequency of  postoperative complications and lethality to be significantly decreased, thus reducing the hospital stay