The Method of Manufacturing Nonmetallic Test-Blocks on Different Sensitivity Classes

Nowadays in our modern world there is a vital question of quality control of details made from nonmetallic materials due to their wide spreading. Nondestructive penetrant testing is effective, and in some cases it is the only possible method of accidents prevention at high-risk sites. A brief review of check sample necessary for quality evaluation of penetrant materials is considered. There was offered a way of making agents for quality of penetrant materials testing according to different liquid penetrant testing sensibility classes

ВЛИЯНИЕ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ПОТЕНЦИАЛА СМЕЩЕНИЯ И ОРИЕНТАЦИИ ПОДЛОЖКИ НА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ОСАЖДАЕМОГО ПОКРЫТИЯ: РОЛЬ РАСПЫЛЕНИЯ

Теоретически исследуется влияние процессов атомного распыления на величину внутренних напряжений и скорость роста покрытия, получаемого методом плазменно-ионного осаждения с использованием импульсного потенциала смещения на подложке и при различных углах падения ионов на осаждаемую поверхность. Формула для расчета внутренних напряжений в осаждаемом покрытии, полученная в рамках модели нелокального термоупругого пика иона с учетом процессов атомного распыления, использовалась для расчета напряжений в покрытиях TiN и CrN, осаждаемых из потоков ионов Ti+ и Cr+, соответственно. Величина напряжений для рассмотренных покрытий коррелирует с модулем упругости материала покрытия. Максимум кривой напряжений уменьшается и смещается в область более высоких потенциалов с ростом угла падения. Такое поведение обусловлено процессом распыления квазистабильных междоузельных дефектов, определяющих уровень напряжений в осаждаемом покрытии. Предложена формула для скорости осаждения покрытия, учитывающая распыление атомов покрытия при произвольных потенциале смещения и угле падения ионов. Показано, что распыление резко снижает скорость осаждения покрытий и делает невозможным осаждение покрытий TiN и CrN в режиме постоянного потенциала при потенциалах на подложке, превышающих 1,7 кВ и 0,7 кВ, соответственно, и при нормальном падении ионов. Распыление оказывает наибольшее влияние на внутреннее напряжение и скорость роста покрытия при осаждении ионов под наклонными углами падения α = 45°...70° . Результаты расчетов сравниваются с имеющимися экспериментальными данными

The Three Dimensional Thermal Hydraulic Code Bagira.

BAGIRA - a thermal-hydraulic program complex was primarily developed for using it in nuclear power plant simulator models, but is also used as a best-estimate analytical tool for modeling two-phase mixture flows. The code models allow consideration of phase transients and the treatment of the hydrodynamic behavior of boiling and pressurized water reactor circuits. It provides the capability to explicitly model three-dimensional flow regimes in various regions of the primary and secondary circuits such as, the mixing regions, circular downcomer, pressurizer, reactor core, main primary loops, the steam generators, the separator-reheaters. In addition, it is coupled to a severe-accident module allowing the analysis of core degradation and fuel damage behavior. Section II will present the theoretical basis for development and selected results are presented in Section III. The primary use for the code complex is to realistically model reactor core behavior in power plant simulators providing enhanced training tools for plant operators

Stabilization of the floating sternocostal segment of the chest with multiple bilateral fractures of the ribs and the manubrium of the sternum

Among patients with floating rib fractures without pneumo- and hemopneumothorax or after their elimination, the most severe disorders of ventilation and circulation occur in patients with multiple bilateral rib fractures and a fracture of the sternum manubrium with the formation of a floating sternocostal segment of the chest. At the same time, the suction aero- and hemodynamic function of the chest is disturbed, there is pressure on the heart and large vessels. As a result, the efficiency of external respiration progressively decreases, the respiratory muscles are exhausted, which requires an urgent transfer to artificial ventilation of the lungs. The article presents a clinical case of successful treatment of such a chest injury using the author’s technique (Patent No. 2621871 of the Russian Federation). The extrathoracic silicone reinforced splint has two horizontal branches that go around the mammary glands. The splint is attached to the floating sternocostal segment with ligatures passed behind the sternum and laterally – to stable sections of the ribs along the posterior axillary line on both sides. The tire reliably holds the sternocostal segment from paradoxical movements. The tire is removed after 3  weeks. By this time, fibrous calluses are formed in places of fractures of bones and cartilage, and the swelling of the chest wall subsides. Superficial bedsores in the places of fixation of the splint are epithelialized under the scab within 7–8 days. The patient was examined a year later, her condition was satisfactory, she had no complaints, there was no chest deformity. The technique is less traumatic, it is indicated for patients with polytrauma and in other cases

Дизайн, синтез и биологические свойства ингибиторов ВСR-ABL тирозинкиназы, применяемых для лечения хронического миелолейкоза

Imatinib, a selective BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor has significantly improved efficacy of chronic myelogenous leukemia treatment. This review focuses on discovery and development of imatinib, methods of its synthesis and further structure optimization opportunities.Эффективность лечения хронического миелолейкоза существенно повысилась после введения в клиническую практику иматиниба - селективного ингибитора BCR-ABL тирозинкиназы. Описаны история разработки иматиниба, методы его синтеза и направления дальнейшей оптимизации структуры

Photo- and X-ray induced cytotoxicity of CeF3-YF3-TbF3 Nanoparticle-Polyvinylpyrrolidone -"Radachlorin" composites for combined photodynamic therapy

The Ce0.5Y0.35Tb0.15F3 nanoparticles with a CeF3 hexagonal structure were synthesized using the co-precipitation technique. Сonjugated with Radachlorin using polyvinylpyrrolidone coating as well as without Radachlorin were detecte

Opportunities for bioenergy in the Baltic Sea Region

Security of energy supply, promotion of the bio-economy, nutrient recycling, and innovation are prioritized policy areas in the EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region (EUBSR). The Baltic Sea Region (BSR) has a great bioenergy potential worth exploring in this context. This paper explores the state-of-art of bioenergy systems and synergies with eco-systems services in the BSR region in the context of developing the region’s bio-economy. In this brief assessment, we consider 8 countries (i.e. Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Denmark, and Belarus) in the region. While the production and use of modern bioenergy can help reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, promote energy security, diversify energy resources, and contribute to a successful circular economy and rural development, it is important to find a balance between the exploration of resources and the management of eco-systems services. In addition, both climate change vulnerability and bioenergy production may affect the environment and the capacity of the BSR to deliver ecosystem services (ESS). We recommend integrated strategies for optimal use of bioresources in the region. Bioeconomy can be realized by innovative approaches, establishing cross-cutting institutional and policy linkages for increased prosperity and green growth in the Baltic Sea Region

Digital receivers for low-frequency radio telescopes UTR-2, URAN, GURT

This paper describes digital radio astronomical receivers used for decameter and meter wavelength observations. This paper describes digital radio astronomical receivers used for decameter and meter wavelength observations. Since 1998, digital receivers performing on-the-fly dynamic spectrum calculations or waveform data recording without data loss have been used at the UTR-2 radio telescope, the URAN VLBI system, and the GURT new generation radio telescope. Here we detail these receivers developed for operation in the strong interference environment that prevails in the decameter wavelength range. Data collected with these receivers allowed us to discover numerous radio astronomical objects and phenomena at low frequencies, a summary of which is also presented.Comment: 24 pages, 15 figure

Examining immune arms in mice immunized with site-specific influenza virus mutants

Site-specific mutants as candidates for live influenza vaccines were resulted from directly introducing into the genome of the pathogenic influenza virus A/WSN/33 (H1N1) strain ts mutations derived from the genes encoding the polymerase complex proteins from some cold-adapted strains serving as attenuation donor. Here we present the data of a comparative study examining immune system arms in mice immunized intranasally with influenza virus mutants and classical cold-adapted reassortant obtained by crossing cold-adapted strain Donor A/Krasnodar/101/35/59 (H2N2) with strain A/WSN/33 (H1N1) bearing surface antigens (hemagglutinin and neuraminidase) similar to mutants. Immunophenotyping mononuclear leukocytes from immunized mice indicated at moderate suppressive effect after using site-specific mutant and the HA reassortant viruses on some immune cell subsets. All viruses in immunized mice resulted in activation of certain lymphocyte subsets including MHC II-positive cells, CD45+/CD19+ B lymphocytes and natural killer cells (CD16/32+/CD3–). Timescale and magnitude of activation markedly differed for each cell subsets. Mice immunized with mutants M26 and U2 peaked with count of CD16/32+/CD3– expressing cells on day 2 after the second immunization compared with control (p < 0.05) that may suggest about an important role for NK cells in activating immune response. In contrast, no significant changes were observed during the study in percentage of CD4+/CD25+/Fox P3 regulatory T cells, CD4+ T helpers and CD8+ cytotoxic cells, except for a sharply decreased count of activated CD4+/CD25+ cells (4-fold) on day 7 after immunization with mutant virus M26. Moreover, mutants U2 and M26 more moderately increased percentage of TLR2- and TLR4-positive cells. The viruses studied ambiguously affected count of TLR9-expressing cells in immunized animals. All viruses increased phagocytic activity in monocytes, but not neutrophils. Despite the moderate activation of innate and adaptive immunity arms, site-specific mutants more profoundly affected humoral reactions inducing increased antibody titers, so that immunogenicity of mutant viruses was higher than that of the cold-adapted reassortant. Thus, the findings hold a promise of using site-specific mutants as live influenza vaccines