Vibrational Aspects of the SU(2) Skyrmion

We treat the Skyrme model with the breathing mode in a situation involving two quartic terms. It is seen that there is a new limit for large $e$ due to the breathing mode not found in the usual rotating hedgehog.Comment: 15 pages, ADP-93-206/T12

A Compact Formulation for the ℓ2,1\ell_{2,1} Mixed-Norm Minimization Problem

Parameter estimation from multiple measurement vectors (MMVs) is a fundamental problem in many signal processing applications, e.g., spectral analysis and direction-of- arrival estimation. Recently, this problem has been address using prior information in form of a jointly sparse signal structure. A prominent approach for exploiting joint sparsity considers mixed-norm minimization in which, however, the problem size grows with the number of measurements and the desired resolution, respectively. In this work we derive an equivalent, compact reformulation of the $\ell_{2,1}$ mixed-norm minimization problem which provides new insights on the relation between different existing approaches for jointly sparse signal reconstruction. The reformulation builds upon a compact parameterization, which models the row-norms of the sparse signal representation as parameters of interest, resulting in a significant reduction of the MMV problem size. Given the sparse vector of row-norms, the jointly sparse signal can be computed from the MMVs in closed form. For the special case of uniform linear sampling, we present an extension of the compact formulation for gridless parameter estimation by means of semidefinite programming. Furthermore, we derive in this case from our compact problem formulation the exact equivalence between the $\ell_{2,1}$ mixed-norm minimization and the atomic-norm minimization. Additionally, for the case of irregular sampling or a large number of samples, we present a low complexity, grid-based implementation based on the coordinate descent method

G93-1190 Positive Approach to Discipline

Disipline is not the same as punishment. Disipline is not what you do to the child, but what you do with and for the child. There is no magic formula that will answer all disciplinary questions. Nor is there one perfect way to discipline. No method is going to work with every child or in every situation. What we can do is to commit ourselves to a positive approach in our discipline...one that includes respect, clearly defined expectations, setting limits, and using reasonable consequences. A positive approach to discipline helps adults and children work together rather than against each other. It preserves a child\u27s dignity and self-esteem while encouraging cooperative, positive, and loving relationships. Learning to use positive discipline is based upon mutual respect and cooperation, which can have a powerful affect on helping a child develop confidence and a strong self image. The purpose of positive discipline is to teach in such a way that children can develop their inner guidance system so they can function responsibly by themselves. Because adults won\u27t always be around to tell children what to do, we must instill inner discipline and help children develop the ability to think, judge, and make decisions on their own. Youth need to learn self-discipline with little issues so they have the experience and confidence to deal with larger issues later on. This process takes time, but the end product is worth the investment

G93-1190 Positive Approach to Discipline

Disipline is not the same as punishment. Disipline is not what you do to the child, but what you do with and for the child. There is no magic formula that will answer all disciplinary questions. Nor is there one perfect way to discipline. No method is going to work with every child or in every situation. What we can do is to commit ourselves to a positive approach in our discipline...one that includes respect, clearly defined expectations, setting limits, and using reasonable consequences. A positive approach to discipline helps adults and children work together rather than against each other. It preserves a child\u27s dignity and self-esteem while encouraging cooperative, positive, and loving relationships. Learning to use positive discipline is based upon mutual respect and cooperation, which can have a powerful affect on helping a child develop confidence and a strong self image. The purpose of positive discipline is to teach in such a way that children can develop their inner guidance system so they can function responsibly by themselves. Because adults won\u27t always be around to tell children what to do, we must instill inner discipline and help children develop the ability to think, judge, and make decisions on their own. Youth need to learn self-discipline with little issues so they have the experience and confidence to deal with larger issues later on. This process takes time, but the end product is worth the investment

Initial development of soil structure and soil organic matter in an agriculturally managed chronosequence on recultivated loess

Soil structure and soil organic matter (SOM) are closely connected characteristics of a soil material. Their interactions affect various physical, chemical and biological soil properties like water holding capacity, carbon stabilization and microbial habitat. The intertwined development of soil structure and quality and quantity of SOM during soil formation are not clear until now. We used a chronosequence approach in the recultivated open-cast mining area near Cologne, Germany to elucidate the development of soil structure and soil organic matter during initial soil formation in a loess material. We selected six plots with different ages of agricultural management after recultivation (0, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 years after first seeding). In each plot 12 spatially independent locations were sampled with stainless steel cylinders (100 cm3) at three depths representing the topsoil (1-5 cm), the plough layer (16-20 cm), and the management-unaffected parent material (41-45 cm). All samples were analysed for bulk density, organic and inorganic carbon and nitrogen content, and aggregate size distribution. We evaluated the development of aggregation and soil organic matter stocks during this early phase of soil formation. This system is temporarily highly dynamic and shows different developments for bulk density, SOM and aggregate formation. In just one year bulk density increased to an average of 1.6 g/cm³ and remained stable for the next three years. After agricultural management with ploughing and cultivation from the 6 years, all sites showed bulk density decrease, which remained stable from topsoil to parent material after 12 years with average bulk density 1,5 g/cm3. Soil carbon content increased during the chronosequence and showed highest variability from 2,3 mgC/g to 18,7 mgC/g in the 3 years old field, which shows the beginning of the interaction between soil and biota, and carbon input

Scheme Independence of g1p(x,Q2)g_1^p (x, Q^2)

We work with two general factorization schemes in order to explore the consequences of imposing scheme independence on $g_1^p (x, Q^2)$. We see that although the light quark sector is indifferent to the choice of a particular scheme, the extension of the calculations to the heavy quark sector indicates that a scheme like the $\bar{MS}$ is preferable.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures. To appear in the Brief Reports of Phys. Rev.

Overfeeding, Autonomic Regulation and Metabolic Consequences

The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in the regulation of body processes in health and disease. Overfeeding and obesity (a disproportional increase of the fat mass of the body) are often accompanied by alterations in both sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic functions. The overfeeding-induced changes in autonomic outflow occur with typical symptoms such as adiposity and hyperinsulinemia. There might be a causal relationship between autonomic disturbances and the consequences of overfeeding and obesity. Therefore studies were designed to investigate autonomic functioning in experimentally and genetically hyperphagic rats. Special emphasis was given to the processes that are involved in the regulation of peripheral energy substrate homeostasis. The data revealed that overfeeding is accompanied by increased parasympathetic outflow. Typical indices of vagal activity (such as the cephalic insulin release during food ingestion) were increased in all our rat models for hyperphagia. Overfeeding was also accompanied by increased sympathetic tone, reflected by enhanced baseline plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels in both VMH-lesioned animals and rats rendered obese by hyperalimentation. Plasma levels of NE during exercise were, however, reduced in these two groups of animals. This diminished increase in the exercise-induced NE outflow could be normalized by prior food deprivation. It was concluded from these experiments that overfeeding is associated with increased parasympathetic and sympathetic tone. In models for hyperphagia that display a continuously elevated nutrient intake such as the VMH-lesioned and the overfed rat, this increased sympathetic tone was accompanied by a diminished NE response to exercise. This attenuated outflow of NE was directly related to the size of the fat reserves, indicating that the feedback mechanism from the periphery to the central nervous system is altered in the overfed state.