1,138 research outputs found
DISCUSSION: ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL INDICATORS OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT FROM AN ECONOMIC VIEWPOINT
Community/Rural/Urban Development,
Effects of upstream watershed development upon prices and values of affected farmland in selected areas of Oklahoma
Economics of alternative uses of steep hill land in the Yazoo-Little Tallahatchie Watershed of Mississippi, 1974
Perceptions of Body Size in Mothers and Their Young Children in the Galapagos Islands
Little specific information has been published about the health of people who live in the Galapagos Islands. As part of determining the status of the nutrition transition that may be occurring in the islands mothers of young children in the Galapagos perceptions of their child’s body size and therefore health status was evaluated along with actual body size
Substance use disorders in Iraq and Afghanistan veterans in VA healthcare, 2001–2010: Implications for screening, diagnosis and treatment
Background: The prevalence and correlates of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and drug use disorder (DUD) diagnoses in Iraq and Afghanistan veterans who are new users of Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare nationwide has not been evaluated.
Methods: VA administrative data were used in retrospective cross-sectional descriptive and multivariable analyses to determine the prevalence and independent correlates of AUD and DUD in 456,502 Iraq and Afghanistan veterans who were first-time users of VA healthcare between October 15, 2001 and September 30, 2009 and followed through January 1, 2010.
Results: Over 11% received substance use disorder diagnoses: AUD, DUD or both; 10% received AUD diagnoses, 5% received DUD diagnoses and 3% received both. Male sex, age \u3c 25 years, being never married or divorced, and proxies for greater combat exposure were independently associated with AUD and DUD diagnoses. Of those with AUD, DUD or both diagnoses, 55–75% also received PTSD or depression diagnoses. AUD, DUD or both diagnoses were 3–4.5 times more likely in veterans with PTSD and depression (p \u3c 0.001).
Conclusions: Post-deployment AUD and DUD diagnoses were more prevalent in subgroups of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans and were highly comorbid with PTSD and depression. Stigma and lack of universal screening may have reduced the number of DUD diagnoses reported. There is a need for improved screening and diagnosis of substance use disorders and increased availability of integrated treatments that simultaneously address AUD and DUD in the context of PTSD and other deployment-related mental health disorders
Wikipedia as an encyclopaedia of life
In his 2003 essay E O Wilson outlined his vision for an “encyclopaedia of life” comprising “an electronic page for each species of organism on Earth”, each page containing “the scientific name of the species, a pictorial or genomic presentation of the primary type specimen on which its name is based, and a summary of its diagnostic traits.” Although the “quiet revolution” in biodiversity informatics has generated numerous online resources, including some directly inspired by Wilson's essay (e.g., "http://ispecies.org":http://ispecies.org, "http://www.eol.org":http://www.eol.org), we are still some way from the goal of having available online all relevant information about a species, such as its taxonomy, evolutionary history, genomics, morphology, ecology, and behaviour. While the biodiversity community has been developing a plethora of databases, some with overlapping goals and duplicated content, Wikipedia has been slowly growing to the point where it now has over 100,000 pages on biological taxa. My goal in this essay is to explore the idea that, largely independent of the efforts of biodiversity informatics and well-funded international efforts, Wikipedia ("http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page":http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page) has emerged as potentially the best platform for fulfilling E O Wilson’s vision
Macroscopic polarization and band offsets at nitride heterojunctions
Ab initio electronic structure studies of prototypical polar interfaces of
wurtzite III-V nitrides show that large uniform electric fields exist in
epitaxial nitride overlayers, due to the discontinuity across the interface of
the macroscopic polarization of the constituent materials. Polarization fields
forbid a standard evaluation of band offsets and formation energies: using new
techniques, we find a large forward-backward asymmetry of the offset (0.2 eV
for AlN/GaN (0001), 0.85 eV for GaN/AlN (0001)), and tiny interface formation
energies.Comment: RevTeX 4 pages, 2 figure
The three-dimensional structure of the biotin carboxylase-biotin carboxyl carrier protein complex of E. coli acetyl-CoA carboxylase
Acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) carboxylase is a biotin-dependent, multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the regulated step in fatty acid synthesis. The Escherichia coli enzyme is composed of a homodimeric biotin carboxylase (BC), biotinylated biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP), and an α2β2 heterotetrameric carboxyltransferase. This enzyme complex catalyzes two half-reactions to form malonyl-coenzyme A. BC and BCCP participate in the first half-reaction, whereas carboxyltransferase and BCCP are involved in the second. Three-dimensional structures have been reported for the individual subunits; however, the structural basis for how BCCP reacts with the carboxylase or transferase is unknown. Therefore, we report here the crystal structure of E. coli BCCP complexed with BC to a resolution of 2.49 Å. The protein-protein complex shows a unique quaternary structure and two distinct interfaces for each BCCP monomer. These BCCP binding sites are unique compared to phylogenetically related biotin-dependent carboxylases and therefore provide novel targets for developing antibiotics against bacterial acetyl-CoA carboxylase. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd
Tracer particles for core-collapse supernova nucleosynthesis: The advantages of moving backward
After decades, the theoretical study of core-collapse supernova explosions is
moving from parameterized, spherically symmetric models to increasingly
realistic multi-dimensional simulations. Obtaining nucleosynthesis yields based
on such multi-dimensional core-collapse supernova (CCSN) simulations, however,
is not straightforward and frequently tracer particles are employed. Tracer
particles may be tracked in situ during the simulation, but often they are
reconstructed in a post-processing step based on the information saved during
the hydrodynamics simulation. Reconstruction can be done in a number of ways
and here we compare the approaches of backward and forward integration of the
equations of motion to the results based on inline particle trajectories. We
find that both methods agree reasonably well with the inline results for
isotopes for which a large number of particles contribute. However, for rarer
isotopes that are produced only by a small number of particle trajectories,
deviations can be large. For our setup, we find that backward integration leads
to a better agreement with the inline particles by more accurately reproducing
the conditions following freeze-out from nuclear statistical equilibrium,
because the establishment of nuclear statistical equilibrium erases the need
for detailed trajectories at earlier times. Based on our results, if inline
tracers are unavailable, we recommend backward reconstruction, to the point
when nuclear statistical equilibrium last applied, with an interval between
simulation snapshots of at most 1 ms for nucleosynthesis post-processing.Comment: 23 pages, 18 figures, sumitted to Ap
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