9,507 research outputs found
Giant Modal Gain, Amplified Surface Plasmon Polariton Propagation, and Slowing Down of Energy Velocity in a Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Structure
We investigated surface plasmon polariton (SPP) propagation in a
metal-semiconductor-metal structure where semiconductor is highly excited to
have optical gain. We show that near the SPP resonance, the imaginary part of
the propagation wavevector changes from positive to hugely negative,
corresponding to an amplified SPP propagation. The SPP experiences a giant gain
that is 1000 times of material gain in the excited semiconductor. We show that
such a giant gain is related to the slowing down of average energy propagation
in the structur
Prediction as memory retrieval: timing and mechanisms
In our target article [Chow, W., Smith, C., Lau, E., & Phillips, C. (2015). A “bag-of-arguments” mechanism for initial verb predictions. Language, Cognition & Neuroscience. Advance online publication. doi:10.1080/23273798.2015.1066832], we investigated the predictions that comprehenders initially make about an upcoming verb as they read and provided evidence that they are sensitive to the arguments’ lexical meaning but not their structural roles. Here we synthesise findings from our work with other studies that show that verb predictions are sensitive to the arguments’ roles if more time is available for prediction. We content that prediction involves computations that may require differing amounts of time. Further, we argue that prediction can be usefully framed as a memory retrieval problem, linking prediction to independently well-understood memory mechanisms in language processing. We suggest that the delayed impact of argument roles on verb predictions may reflect a mismatch between the format of linguistic cues and target event memories. We clarify points of agreement and disagreement with the commentaries, and explain why memory access mechanisms can account for the time course of prediction
Estimation of sensitivity and specificty of culture and Danish-mix ELISA for detection of Salmonella in swine using Bayesian methods
Both bacterial culture and serological assays, such as the Danish-mix ELISA for the detection of antibodies, are commonly used as tools for detecting and monitoring Salmonella in swine. The comparison and ultimate interpretation of results are made more difficult due to the absence of a gold standard
Radiative spacetimes approaching the Vaidya metric
We analyze a class of exact type II solutions of the Robinson-Trautman family
which contain pure radiation and (possibly) a cosmological constant. It is
shown that these spacetimes exist for any sufficiently smooth initial data, and
that they approach the spherically symmetric Vaidya-(anti-)de Sitter metric. We
also investigate extensions of the metric, and we demonstrate that their order
of smoothness is in general only finite. Some applications of the results are
outlined.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure
Robust Dropping Criteria for F-norm Minimization Based Sparse Approximate Inverse Preconditioning
Dropping tolerance criteria play a central role in Sparse Approximate Inverse
preconditioning. Such criteria have received, however, little attention and
have been treated heuristically in the following manner: If the size of an
entry is below some empirically small positive quantity, then it is set to
zero. The meaning of "small" is vague and has not been considered rigorously.
It has not been clear how dropping tolerances affect the quality and
effectiveness of a preconditioner . In this paper, we focus on the adaptive
Power Sparse Approximate Inverse algorithm and establish a mathematical theory
on robust selection criteria for dropping tolerances. Using the theory, we
derive an adaptive dropping criterion that is used to drop entries of small
magnitude dynamically during the setup process of . The proposed criterion
enables us to make both as sparse as possible as well as to be of
comparable quality to the potentially denser matrix which is obtained without
dropping. As a byproduct, the theory applies to static F-norm minimization
based preconditioning procedures, and a similar dropping criterion is given
that can be used to sparsify a matrix after it has been computed by a static
sparse approximate inverse procedure. In contrast to the adaptive procedure,
dropping in the static procedure does not reduce the setup time of the matrix
but makes the application of the sparser for Krylov iterations cheaper.
Numerical experiments reported confirm the theory and illustrate the robustness
and effectiveness of the dropping criteria.Comment: 27 pages, 2 figure
Detection of (1,3)-β-d-Glucan in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Histoplasma Meningitis
The diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) histoplasmosis is often difficult. Although cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (1,3)-β-d-glucan (BDG) is available as a biological marker for the diagnosis of fungal meningitis, there are limited data on its use for the diagnosis of Histoplasma meningitis. We evaluated CSF BDG detection, using the Fungitell assay, in patients with CNS histoplasmosis and controls. A total of 47 cases and 153 controls were identified. The control group included 13 patients with a CNS fungal infection other than histoplasmosis. Forty-nine percent of patients with CNS histoplasmosis and 43.8% of controls were immunocompromised. The median CSF BDG level was 85 pg/ml for cases, compared to <31 pg/ml for all controls (P < 0.05) and 82 pg/ml for controls with other causes of fungal meningitis (P = 0.27). The sensitivity for detection of BDG in CSF was 53.2%, whereas the specificity was 86.9% versus all controls and 46% versus other CNS fungal infections. CSF BDG levels of ≥80 pg/ml are neither sensitive nor specific to support a diagnosis of Histoplasma meningitis
Charged rotating black holes in six-dimensional gauged supergravity
We obtain non-extremal charged rotating black holes in six-dimensional SU(2)
gauged supergravity with two independent angular momenta and one U(1) charge.
These include supersymmetric black holes without naked closed timelike curves.Comment: 9 pages; v2: minor change
Attractiveness of periodic orbits in parametrically forced systemswith time-increasing friction
We consider dissipative one-dimensional systems subject to a periodic force
and study numerically how a time-varying friction affects the dynamics. As a
model system, particularly suited for numerical analysis, we investigate the
driven cubic oscillator in the presence of friction. We find that, if the
damping coefficient increases in time up to a final constant value, then the
basins of attraction of the leading resonances are larger than they would have
been if the coefficient had been fixed at that value since the beginning. From
a quantitative point of view, the scenario depends both on the final value and
the growth rate of the damping coefficient. The relevance of the results for
the spin-orbit model are discussed in some detail.Comment: 30 pages, 6 figure
Low-Energy Charge-Density Excitations in MgB: Striking Interplay between Single-Particle and Collective Behavior for Large Momenta
A sharp feature in the charge-density excitation spectra of single-crystal
MgB, displaying a remarkable cosine-like, periodic energy dispersion with
momentum transfer () along the -axis, has been observed for the first
time by high-resolution non-resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (NIXS).
Time-dependent density-functional theory calculations show that the physics
underlying the NIXS data is strong coupling between single-particle and
collective degrees of freedom, mediated by large crystal local-field effects.
As a result, the small- collective mode residing in the single-particle
excitation gap of the B bands reappears periodically in higher Brillouin
zones. The NIXS data thus embody a novel signature of the layered electronic
structure of MgB.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PR
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