Modeling Light Trapping in Nanostructured Solar Cells

The integration of nanophotonic and plasmonic structures with solar cells offers the ability to control and confine light in nanoscale dimensions. These nanostructures can be used to couple incident sunlight into both localized and guided modes, enhancing absorption while reducing the quantity of material. Here we use electromagnetic modeling to study the resonances in a solar cell containing both plasmonic metal back contacts and nanostructured semiconductor top contacts, identify the local and guided modes contributing to enhanced absorption, and optimize the design. We then study the role of the different interfaces and show that Al is a viable plasmonic back contact material

A comparison of silent reading and listening through written recall and multiple choice type tests; grades 6 and 7.

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

Family Structure, Children, and Law

The claim that “marriage is good for children” has long helped ground arguments for the institution’s extraordinary state support. But how sound is this empirically based claim and the normative conclusion drawn from it—namely, that marriage merits this extraordinary support? This Essay reviews recent studies in the social sciences and determines that the “marriage effect” on children is difficult to isolate and all too often vastly overstated. Thus the normative conclusion, inextricably linked to its supposed empirical premise, is deeply flawed

Principles of U.S. Family Law

What explains U.S. family law? What are the origins of the current chaos and controversy in the field, the home of some of the most vituperative debates in public policy? To answer these questions, this Article identifies and examines family law\u27s foundational principles. It undertakes a conceptual analysis of the legal practices that govern families. This analysis has yet to be done, and its absence hamstrings constructive thought on our family law. The Article develops a typology that conceptualizes U.S. family law and exposes its underlying principles. First, it identifies the significant elements, or rules, of family law. Second, it demonstrates that these rules reflect or embody four important conceptsconjugality, privacy (familial as well as individual), contract, and parens patriae. Third, it shows that the concepts offamily law in turn embody two distinct underlying principles-Biblical traditionalism and liberal individualism. From these powerful principles, we can derive modern U.S. family law: They explain what our family law is. With this deepened understanding of family law\u27s structure, the Article next evaluates these principles, and family law as the expression of them. It concludes that each principle is individually flawed, and, taken together, they are too often in unproductive tension. Examining family law\u27s expression of the principles both demonstrates this tension and illuminates the field\u27s current controversies-including those surrounding marriage, same-sex couples and their families, and the balance between parents\u27 and children \u27s rights-and the sources of their intractability. It becomes clear that the very foundational principles of U.S. family law doom the field to incoherence and thus must be revised. At a minimum, this Article seeks to expose family law\u27s generally implicit underlying principles and launch a much-needed debate on whether its current principles are desirable, or even defensible. More ambitiously, the Article aims to ground a new jurisprudence offamily law that better reflects the social goals and needs of contemporary U.S. society