EPIDEMIOLOGY OF NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMAS IN iRKUTSK REGION

The morbidity of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in last 11 years in Irkutsk region was increased in 5,5 times, in Irkutsk in 11,5 times. The mortality of NHL was increased in Irkutsk region in 5,5 times, in the region centre in 6,5 times. The risk to fall ill with NHL in 60 years are higher than in 20 years in 5 times. Men are ill more than women in 1,35 times. Number of patients with advanced stage of NHL was increased in 2 times

Analysis of mortality at non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the unit of cancer chemotherapy of Irkutsk Regional Oncologic Dispensary in 2011-2013

We analyzed 29 fatal cases caused by non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the hospital. 89 % of deceased had advanced malignancy, morphologically aggressive type, 86,2 % had initially unfavorable prognosis for a disease. The most common cause of death was sepsis (55 %). The most often source of infection were pneumonia (68,8 %) and gastrointestinal tract (31,3 %). The frequency of decompensated hemorrhagic shock of patients died of non-Hodgkin lymphomas was 24 %. Tumor lysis syndrome was the cause of hospital mortality of non-Hodgkin lymphomas in 17 % of cases

Shotgun ion mobility mass spectrometry sequencing of heparan sulfate saccharides

Despite evident regulatory roles of heparan sulfate (HS) saccharides in numerous biological processes, definitive information on the bioactive sequences of these polymers is lacking, with only a handful of natural structures sequenced to date. Here, we develop a “Shotgun” Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Sequencing (SIMMS2) method in which intact HS saccharides are dissociated in an ion mobility mass spectrometer and collision cross section values of fragments measured. Matching of data for intact and fragment ions against known values for 36 fully defined HS saccharide structures (from di- to decasaccharides) permits unambiguous sequence determination of validated standards and unknown natural saccharides, notably including variants with 3O-sulfate groups. SIMMS2 analysis of two fibroblast growth factor-inhibiting hexasaccharides identified from a HS oligosaccharide library screen demonstrates that the approach allows elucidation of structure-activity relationships. SIMMS2 thus overcomes the bottleneck for decoding the informational content of functional HS motifs which is crucial for their future biomedical exploitation

Lack of GAGA protein in Trl mutants causes massive cell death in Drosophila spermatogenesis and oogenesis

Drosophila protein GAGA (GAF) is a factor of epigenetic transcription regulation of a large group of genes with a wide variety of cellular functions. GAF is encoded by the Trithorax-like (Trl) gene, which is important for the formation of various organs and tissues at all stages of ontogenesis. In our previous works, we showed that this protein is necessary for the development of the reproductive system, both in males and females of Drosophila. Decreased expression of the Trl gene led to multiple disorders of spermatogenesis and oogenesis. One of the significant disorders was associated with massive degradation and loss of cells in the germline. In this work, we carried out a more detailed cytological study to determine what type of germ cell death is characteristic of Trl mutants, and whether there are disturbances or changes in this process compared to the norm. The results obtained showed that the lack of GAF protein causes massive germ cell death in both females and males of Drosophila, but this death manifests itself in different ways, depending on the sex. In Trl females, this process does not differ phenotypically from the norm. In the dying egg chambers, signs of apoptosis and autophagy were revealed, as well as morphological features that are characteristic of the wild type. In males, Trl mutations induce mass germ cell death through autophagy, which is not typical of Drosophila spermatogenesis, and has not been previously described, neither in the norm nor in other genes’ mutations. Thus, GAF lack in Trl mutants leads to increased germ cell death through apoptosis and autophagy. Ectopic cell death and germ line atrophy are probably associated with impaired expression of the GAGA factor target genes, among which there are genes that regulate both apoptosis and autophagy

Breast cancer at women working in conditions of the chronic irradiation

The purpose of this work - the comparative morphological analysis of a breast cancer at working women of plutonium manufacture and women who are not working in conditions of a chronic irradiation. We investigated the medical documentation and archival operational material of 894 women - inhabitants of Ozersk, which were operated in the period of 1948-2007 concerning breast cancer. The pathology department medical documentation and archival operational material were from CMH № 71 FMBA RF. From 894 women 18 % (161) (1 group) were working women of producing departments of combine, 733 (2 group) had no professional attitude to plutonium manufacture. Essential age distinctions of patients are established during demonstration of disease. Also are established feature of growth character, histologic type and frequency of tumour’s relapse in analyzed groups.Цель работы - сравнительный морфологический анализ рака молочной железы у работниц плутониевого производства и женщин, не работающих в условиях хронического облучения. Изучена медицинская документация и архивный операционный материал патологоанатомического отделения ЦМСЧ №71 ФМБА РФ 894 женщин - жительниц г. Озерска, оперированных за период 1948-2007 гг. по поводу рака молочной железы. Из них 18% (161) женщин (1-я группа) являлись работницами основных цехов комбината, 733 (2-я группа) не имели профессионального отношения к плутониевому производству. Установлены существенные возрастные различия пациенток в период манифестации заболевания, особенности характера роста, гистологического типа и частоты рецидивирования опухоли в анализируемых группах

APPROACHES TO THE FUTURE ENGINEERS FOREIGN COMMUNICATIVE CULTURE FORMATION

Purpose: The main aim of the article is to define the approaches to the formation of future engineers’ communicative culture. The main research method used while working on the article is analysis of the domestic and foreign publication space for critical consideration of different ideas on the pedagogical problem of the future engineers’ foreign language communicative culture formation process. Methodology: In this study Content abstraction, generalization and the comparative method was applied. Result: The approaches (cultural, connectivism, technological, axiological, communicative, environmental approach) will help to the formation of the communicative culture of future engineers in the process of foreign language training. Applications: This research can be used for engineers and companies. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of approaches to future engineers' foreign communicative culture formation is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner

Challenging vertical turbulence mixing schemes in a tidally energetic environment: 1. 3‐D shelf‐sea model assessment

Mixing in the ocean and shelf seas is critical for the vertical distribution of dynamically active properties, such as density and biogeochemical tracers. Eight different decadal simulations are used to assess the skill of vertical turbulent mixing schemes (TMS) in a 3‐D regional model of tidally active shelf seas. The TMS differ in the type of stability functions used and in the Ozmidov/Deardorff/Galperin limiter of the turbulence length scales. We review the dependence of the critical Richardson and Prandtl numbers to define the “diffusiveness” of the TMS. The skill in representing bias and variability of stratification profiles is assessed with five different metrics: surface and bottom temperatures and pycnocline depth, thickness, and strength. The assessment is made against hydrography from three data sets (28,000 profiles in total). Bottom and surface temperatures are found to be as sensitive to TMS choice as to horizontal resolution or heat flux formulation, as reported in other studies. All TMS underrepresent the pycnocline depth and benthic temperatures. This suggests physical processes are missing from the model, and these are discussed. Different TMSs show the best results for different metrics, and there is no outright winner. Simulations coupled with an ecosystem model show the choice of TMS strongly affects the ecosystem behavior: shifting the timing of peak chlorophyll by 1 month, showing regional chlorophyll differences of order 100%, and redistributing the production of chorophyll between the pycnocline and mixed layer

Clinico-morphological characteristics of breast cancer in females occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation

A comparative analysis was performed characterizing clinical and morphological features of breast cancers in females occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation and age-matched females who had never experienced either occupational or technogenic exposure to radiation. The comparative analysis revealed significant differences in the age of patients as of the time of breast cancer diagnosis, its histological structure, certain risk factors (late menarche, genetic predisposition, excessive body mass index) and the pattern of tumor progression between occupationally exposed and unexposed to ionizing radiation groups of females.Проведен сравнительный анализ клинических и морфологических характеристик рака молочной железы (РМЖ) у женщин, подвергшихся профессиональному облучению, и женщин соответствующего возраста, никогда не подвергавшихся профессиональному и техногенному облучению (148 и 152 случаев РМЖ, соответственно). В результате сравнительного анализа выявлены статистически значимые различия в возрасте на момент диагностики РМЖ, гистологической структуре РМЖ, и отдельных факторов риска (позднее менархе, наследственная предрасположенность, повышенный индекс массы тела) и характере развития опухоли между группами женщин, подвергавшимися и не подвергавшимися профессиональному облучению

Clinical, hormonal and molecular-genetic characteristics of monogenic diabetes mellitus associated with the mutations in the <i>INS</i> gene

Background: Currently more than 50 mutations of the INS gene are known to affect the various stages of insulin biosynthesis in the beta cells of the pancreas. However only individual cases of diabetes mellitus (DM) associated with heterozygous mutations in the coding region of the INS gene were reported in Russian Federation. We report a group of patients with a clinical manifestation of DM caused by mutations in both coding and non-coding regions of the INS gene. The patients with a mutation in the intron of the INS gene are reported for the first time in Russian FederationMaterials and methods: 60 patients with an isolated course of neonatal DM (NDM), 52 patients with a manifestation of DM at the age of 7–12 months and the absence of the main autoimmune markers of type 1 DM, 650 patients with the MODY phenotype were included in the study. NGS technology was used for molecular genetic research. Author’s panel of primers (Custom DNA Panel) was used for multiplex PCR and sequencing using Ion Ampliseq™ technology. The author’s panel “­Diabetes Mellitus” included 28 genes (13 candidate genes of MODY and other genes associated with DM).Results: 13 heterozygous mutations were identified in 16 probands and 9 relatives. The majority of mutations were detected in patients with PNDM (18.75%) and in patients with an onset of DM at the age of 7–12 months (9.6%). Mutations in the INS gene were detected in 2 patients (0.3%) in the group with the MODY phenotype. Mutations in the INS gene were not detected in patients with transient NDM (TNDM). Analysis of clinical data in patients with PND and onset of diabetes at the age of 7–12 months did not show significant differences in the course of the disease. The clinical characteristics of the cases of MODY10 and diabetes caused by a mutation in the intron of the INS gene are reported in details.Conclusion: The role of INS gene mutations in NDM, MODY, and DM with an onset at the age of 7–12 months was analyzed in a large group of patients. The clinical characteristics of DM due to a mutation in the intron of the INS gene are reported for the first time in the Russian Federation

Mutations in transcription factor as rare causes of diabetes in pregnancy

MODY1 and MODY3 represent rare causes of diabetes in pregnancy. Establishing a molecular diagnosis of MODY1 or MODY3 during pregnancy may be important for minimizing risk of perinatal complications and for improving glycemic control after pregnancy. The objective of the study was to evaluate the contribution of mutations in HNF4A and HNF1A genes in development of diabetes in pregnancy and to describe clinical characteristics of diabetes in pregnancy associated with these mutations. 230 pregnant women (20-43 years) with different type of glucose intolerance complicated during their current pregnancy were included in the study. A custom NGS panel targeting 28 diabetes causative genes was used for sequencing. Heterozygous mutations in HNF4A and HNF1A genes were detected in 3% of cases. Mutations p.I271T in HNF4A gene and p.L148F, p.Y265C, p.G288W in HNF1A gene were novel. This study includes a description of patients with pregnancy diabetes due to mutations in hepatocyte nuclear factors