The relationship between serum bilirubin level with interleukin.6, interleukin.10 and mortality scores in patients with sepsis

Context: Bilirubin has been shown to influence the mechanisms of both apoptosis and inflammation.Aims: The aim of the following study is to investigate the relationship between the serum bilirubin level with sepsis progression.Settings and Design: A total of 20 patients from intensive care unit were included for this study.Materials and Methods: Patients were divided into two groups: Patients diagnosed with sepsis according to the American College of Chest  Physicians/Society of Clinical Care Medicine consensus conference criteria (n = 10) and patients treated for various other diagnoses (n = 10). Blood samples were collected for both groups at the time of origin (defined as the time of diagnosis) and 24 and 48 h after diagnosis. Serum interleukin (IL).6, IL.10 and bilirubin levels were analyzed and compared. Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II and sepsis related organ failure (SOFA) scores of the patients were also evaluated. Statistical Analysis Used: We used Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS for Windows, version 17.0, SPSS Inc. 233 South Wacker Drive, Chicago) for statistical analysis.Results: At all.time intervals, serum IL.6, IL.10 and total, direct and  indirect serum bilirubin levels were significantly higher in the sepsis group (P < 0.05); APACHE II and SOFA scores were also significantly higher. Both SOFA scores and serum IL.10 levels were positively correlated with bilirubin levels 24 h after diagnosis (P < 0.05, r = .0.76).Conclusions: Although levels of bilirubin and other associated parameters were higher for the sepsis group, only SOFA score and bilirubin levels were correlated. Because bilirubin is already a SOFA parameter, this correlation was not considered as clinically significant.Key words: Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation, bilirubin, interleukin.6, interleukin.10, sepsi

Związek układu serotoninergicznego i układu sercowo-naczyniowego

Serotonin plays an important role in regulating the cardiovascular system. Drugs widely used in the treatment of depression, migraine, Parkinson’s disease or obesity affect the serotonergic system. The use of these compounds causes both acute and chronic effects, depending on the type of activated 5-HT receptor and its location. An acute cardiac response to 5-HT, known as Bezold-Jarisch reflex, leads to bradycardia and hypotension. The chronic contribution of serotonin may be associated with fibrosis and cardiac valve degeneration. This article analyses the impact of 5-HT receptors activation on the cardiovascular system and describes side effects of this activation and new therapies targeting this system.Serotonina (5-HT) odgrywa istotną rolę w regulacji układu sercowo-naczyniowego. Leki wpływające na układ serotoninergiczny powszechnie stosuje się w terapii depresji, migreny, choroby Parkinsona czy otyłości. W zależności od rodzaju aktywowanego receptora 5-HT i jego lokalizacji przyjmowanie tych związków może prowadzić do ostrych i przewlekłych skutków. Przykładem takiego oddziaływania jest ostra odpowiedź kardiologiczna na serotoninę, zwana odruchem Bezolda-Jarisha, która prowadzi do bradykardii i hipotonii. Przewlekła ekspozycja na nadmiar serotoniny może natomiast łączyć się z włóknieniem i zwyrodnieniem zastawek serca. W artykule omówiono wpływ aktywacji poszczególnychreceptorów 5-HT na układ sercowo-naczyniowy, działania niepożądane stosowanych leków, a także wskazano nowemożliwości terapii

Respiratory distress syndrome [Sikintili solunum sendromu]

Respiratory distress caused by surfactant deficiency and global immaturity of lungs is called "respiratory distress syndrome". Hyaline membrane disease is a pathologic diagnosis characterized by hyaline membrane formation due to alveolar injury and exudation which are caused by surfactant deficiency. All the infants, born before 28 weeks of gestation, and most of the infants, born prior to 32 weeks of gestation, develop RDS

Analiza wydzielania ciepła w silniku o zapłonie samoczynnym

The main goal of this research was to analyze the heat release in a compression ignition (CI) engine. Work contains description of the combustion process in the combustion chamber of CI engine with an explanation of the combustion stages. The research was conducted for wide range of load. At full load of engine achieved the highest value of pressure rise, temperature, fuel consumption and indicated mean effective pressure. The lowest values of these parameters were obtained for the smallest load. The full load of engine was characterized by the highest value of the heat release, and the longest combustion period due to the large share of diffusion combustion phase. The lowest load was characterized by 3.5 times less in value of heat release than in case of maximum load and heat release rate course was without visible diffusion combustion phase.Głównym celem badań było przeprowadzenie analizy wydzielania ciepła w silniku o zapłonie samoczynnym. Badana jednostka to sześciocylindrowy silnik z zapłonem samoczynnym o mocy 80 kW, poddany obciążeniom w szerokim zakresie. Dla obciążenia maksymalnego uzyskano największy przyrost ciśnienia, temperatury, godzinowego zużycia paliwa oraz ciśnienia indykowanego. Najmniejsze wartości powyższych parametrów zostały uzyskane dla najmniejszego obciążenia. Obciążenie maksymalne charakteryzuje się najwyższą ilością wydzielonego ciepła, a także najdłuższym procesem spalania za sprawą dużego udziału spalania dyfuzyjnego. Przy obciążeniu minimalnym wydzielania ciepła było 3,5- krotnie mniej niż dla maksymalnego, ponadto proces spalania trwał najkrócej, bez widocznego udziału spalania dyfuzyjnego

Pyruvate kinase activity in cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum-brainstem of normal and hypoxic-ischemic newborn rats

PubMedID: 15543805Energy metabolism is affected in hypoxia-ischemia. Changes in the tissue concentrations of the high-energy phosphate reserves occur early during the course of the metabolic insult and with concurrent increases in cellular ADP and AMP loading glycolysis. It has been shown that enzymes of glycolysis tend to be regulated in hypoxia and ischemia. In this study we determined pyruvate kinase (PK) activity, one of the main enzymes in glycolysis, in brain tissues of healthy (n = 15) and hypoxic-ischemic (n = 18) 7-day-old newborn rats. Left common carotid artery was ligated in the hypoxic-ischemic group and after 2 hours rats were exposed to hypoxia in a chamber at 34-36 °C with 8% oxygen in nitrogen. The rats were decapitated after 2 hours of hypoxia and right and left cerebral hemispheres (CH) and cerebellum-brain stem (C-BS) were removed. Pyruvate kinase activity was significantly higher in C-BSs than CHs in both groups (p 0.05). In conclusion, brain pyruvate kinase activity did not change in hypoxia-ischemia and suggests that PK of brain differs from other tissues where it usually increases in hypoxia-ischemia

A newborn infant with generalized glutathione synthetase deficiency

PubMedID: 15074378Pyroglutamic aciduria (5-oxoprolinuria) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by either glutathione synthetase deficiency (GSSD) or 5-oxoprolinase deficiency. The severe form of the disease, generalized GSSD, is characterized by acute metabolic acidosis, usually present in the neonatal period with hemolytic anemia and progressive encephalopathy. We report a female infant who had a severe metabolic acidosis with high anion gap, hemolytic anemia, and hyperbilirubinemia. High level of 5-oxoproline was detected in her urine and a diagnosis of generalized GSSD was made. She died of severe metabolic acidosis and sepsis at the age of six weeks

The effect of human growth hormone on superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione and malondialdehyde levels of hypoxic-ischemic newborn rat brain

PubMedID: 16636532Objectives: We investigated the effect of human growth hormone (GH) on newborn rat brain superoxide dismutase, glutathione and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in hypoxic-ischemic (H-I) newborn rats. Methods: Fourty-eight 7 days old newborn rats were randomized to a healthy (n: 15), H-I (n: 18) and GH administered H-I (GH-H-I, n: 15) group. Permanent, left common carotid ligation was performed in the H-I groups. In the GH-H-I group, 50 mg/kg human GH (Norditropin Simplex, Novo Nordisk A/S) was administered subcutaneously just before carotid artery ligation. Two hours after ligation, rats were subjected to 2 h of hypoxemia and then were decapitated. Right and left cerebral hemispheres (CHs) and cerebellum-brain stem (C-BS) were separated. Results: Glutathione levels of each region were not statistically different from each other in and between the groups. Superoxide dismutase levels were higher in C-BSs compared to CHs (for each comparison p 0.05). Conclusion: Although we have not evaluated the effect of GH histopathologically, increased lipid peroxidation especially in the H-I (left) hemisphere of the GH treated rats might suggest that GH treatment may be harmful in H-I encephalopathy. Copyright © 2006 S. Karger AG