VARIASI GENETIK BEBERAPA SPESIES KAPAS (Gossypium sp.) BERDASARKAN KERAGAMAN POLA PITA ISOZIM

ABSTRAKDeskripsi aksesi-aksesi kapas berdasarkan karakter morfologinyatelah disusun berdasarkan descriptor list yang disusun oleh IBPGR, akantetapi marka genetik dari aksesi-aksesi tersebut belum diketahui. Penelitianini bertujuan untuk mempelajari keragaman pola-pita isozim Peroksidase(PER), Esterase (EST), dan Aspartate amino transferase (AAT) pada 19aksesi kapas dan kemiripan ke-19 aksesi kapas berdasarkan ketiga isozimtersebut. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai bulan Februari 2008 di RumahKaca Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta dan analisisisozim dilakukan di Laboratorium Biologi Tumbuhan, PAU Ilmu HayatIPB. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah elektroforesis gel pati tipehorisontal dengan tiga sistem enzim, yaitu enzim peroksidase (PER),esterase (EST), dan aspartate amino transferase (AAT). Penelitianmenghasilkan data berupa pola pita isozim yang selanjutnya dibuat dalamdata biner. Data biner yang dihasilkan dibuat dalam persamaan matrik dandilanjutkan analisis gerombol dengan metode ‘UPGMA’ (Unweighted PairGroup Method Arithmetic Average) menggunakan fungsi SHAN padaProgram NTSYSpc versi 2.02. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwaIsozim esterase dapat dijadikan marka genetik bagi Kanesia 1 (terbentuksatu pita spesifik) dan Kanesia 6 (satu pita spesifik); isozim peroksidasedapat dijadikan marka genetik bagi Kanesia 3 (dua pita pada kutub positif),aksesi-aksesi G. barbadense (dalam hal ini CTX-3 dan Giza-90 dua pitapada kutub positif) dan G. arboreum (empat pita pada kutub positif dansatu pita pada kutub negatif). Sedangkan isozim aspartat amino tranferasedapat dijadikan marka genetik bagi spesies G. herbaceum (dua pitaspesifik). Selain itu, terdapat kemiripan genetik antar aksesi kapasberdasarkan ketiga isozim (EST, PER, dan AAT). Pengelompokanberdasarkan ketiga isozim dari ke-19 aksesi kapas diketahui bahwa padajarak kemiripan 0,59 atau kemiripan 59% semua aksesi kapas menyatu,yang terbagi menjadi 2 kelompok. Kelompok pertama hanya terdiri aksesiKanesia 1 saja. Sedangkan Kelompok kedua terdiri atas aksesi-aksesiKanesia 2, Kanesia 3, Kanesia 6, Kanesia 4, Kanesia 10, Kanesia 7,Kanesia 11, Kanesia 12, M-5, Kanesia 8, Kanesia 9, Kanesia 15, AKA-5,Kanesia 13, Kanesia 14, CTX-3, Giza-90 dan Kanesia 5.Kata kunci: Gossypium sp., keragaman genetik, pola pita isozimABSTRACTGenetic Diversity of Cotton Species (Gossypium sp.)Based on Variation of Isozyme Banding PatternMorphological characters of cotton accessions have been describedbased on the descriptor list produced by IBPGR, but the genetic markersfor those accessions have not yet been known. This research aimed atstudying the diversity and similarity among 19 cotton accessions based onisozyme banding patterns of peroxidase (PER), esterase (EST), andaspartate amino transferase (AAT). Research was carried out in February2008 at the green house of Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas MaretUniversity, Surakarta and the isozyme was analyzed in Plant BiologicalLaboratory, Biological Science PAU IPB. Samples were electrophoresedon horizontal type of potato extract gel and stained with three enzymesystems, i.e. peroxidase (PER), esterase (EST), and aspartate aminotransferase ( AAT). The isozyme bandings were scored and translated intobinary data, which was then used to deduce the similarity amongaccessions and to draw dendrogram by using 'UPGMA' (Unweighted PairGroup Method Arithmetic Average) method from the NTSYSPC softwareversion 2.02. Experimental results showed that isozyme esterase can beused as genetic marker for Kanesia 1 (one specific band) and Kanesia 6(one specific band). Isozyme peroxidase can be used as genetic marker forKanesia 3 (two bands at positive end), accessions G. barbadense i.e. CTX-3 and Giza-90 (two bands at positive end) and G. arboreum (four bands atpositive end and one band at negative). Isozyme aspartate aminotransferase can be used as genetic marker for spesies G. herbaceum (twospecific bands). Moreover, the similarity analysis among 19 cottonaccessions based on the three isozymes showed that at the similarity levelof 59%, all accessions are divided in two groups. The first group consistedof Kanesia 1 only. Whereas the second group consisted of accessionsKanesia 2, Kanesia 3, Kanesia 6, Kanesia 4, Kanesia 10, Kanesia 7,Kanesia 11, Kanesia 12, M-5, Kanesia 8, Kanesia 9, Kanesia 15, AKA-5,Kanesia 13, Kanesia 14, CTX-3, Giza-90, and Kanesia 5.Key words: Gossypium sp., genetic diversity, isozyme banding patter

Pembelajaran PAI di Sekolah Dasar dengan Pendekatan Tematik

Pendidikan agama Islam, suatu USAha untuk membina dan mengasuh peserta didik, agar dapat memahami ajaran Islam secara menyeluruh, menghayati tujuan, dan pada akhirnya dapat mengamalkan serta menjadikan Islam sebagai pandangan hidup. Tujuan pembelajaran PAI untuk menumbuh kembangkan aqidah Islam dan mewujudkan manusia Indonesia taat beragama dan berakhlaq mulia. Pendekatan pembelajaran PAI secara tematik menjadi urgen. Karena itulah, pola yang dapat diakomodir adalah menetapkan tema-tema dalam lingkup PAI, meliputi: AI Qur'an, Aqidah, Fikih, Akhlak, dan SKI

Pemanfaatan Teknologi Transgenik Untuk Perakitan Varietas Unggul Kapas Tahan Kekeringan

The Use of Transgenic Approach in Developing Drought Tolerant Cotton VarietiesAmong abiotic stresses, drought is the most crucial factor that influence cotton's productivity and development. As cotton development in Indonesia is focused in dry-rainfed areas, measures for developing drought tolerance varieties are needed. Evaluation of cotton accessions tolerance to drought has been done directly in the field, or indirectly by PEG simulation and resulted in drought tolerance cotton accessions. Hybridization by genes pooling or gene-pyramiding approaches involving selected accessions which are tolerant to drought and jassids attack, A. biguttula, have resulted in two new cotton varieties namely Kanesia 14 and Kanesia 15. In addition to conventional breeding, there are new avenues to engineer transgenic cotton varieties resistant to drought. by transforming the identified genes responsible for drought resistance. Transgenic technologies could combine several genes responsible for different characters in cotton genome. A number of genes have been transformed into various plants such as arabidopsis, tobacco, tomato, rice, and cotton, and have conferred improved resistance to drought. Technology support in terms of high yielding promising varieties resistant to drought or other characters should be accomplished with efficient farming techniques so that significant increase in cotton production can be achieved

Pemanfaatan Cinema Therapy dalam Bimbingan Kelompok untuk Pemahaman Tentang Meningkatkan Perilaku Prososial Siswa Kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 2 Menganti

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan Cinema Therapy untuk meningkatkan pemahaman tentang perilaku prososial siswa kelas 8 di SMP N 2 Menganti. Indikator perilaku prososial meliputi membagi, kerjasama, menolong, kejujuran, dan kedermawanan. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian eksperimen. Bentuk desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah one group pre-test and post-test design. Alat pengumpul data yang digunakan adalah angket perilaku prososial siswa untuk memperoleh data tingkat perilaku prososial siswa kelas 8 di SMP N 2 Menganti. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah 9 siswa dari kelas 8 A yang memiliki skor perilaku prososial kategori rendah dan sedang. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah statistic non parametik analisis uji tanda. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa nilai ρ = 0,002 lebih kecil dari α = 0,05. berdasarkan hasil ini maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Dari hasil perhitungan diketahui rata-rata pre-test 136,11 dan rata-rata post-test 161,22. Hipotesis penelitian ini yang berbunyi” pemanfaatan cinema therapy dalam bimbingan kelompok dapat meningkatkan pemahaman tentang perilaku prososial siswa kelas 8 di SMP N 2 Menganti” dapat diterima, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemanfaatan cinema therapy dapat meningkatkan pemahaman tentang perilaku prososial siswa kelas 8 di  SMP N 2 Menganti. kata kunci : Bimbingan kelompok, Cinema Therapy, Pemahaman Perilaku prososial &nbsp

Error Analysis Geometry Questions on Working Class V SD / Mi in YOGYAKARTA

In 2013, the results of UAN for mathematics in primary schools / MI in DIY average value is lower than other subjects, namely Indonesian and IPA. The success of the sixth grade students work on problems UAN is inseparable from the ability of students to understand math at grade material underneath. Based on the experience of researchers, many teachers who have less correct geometry concepts. Of course this is an impact on students\u27 understanding of geometrical concepts. So in this study will be examined whether the errors are mostly done by students in grade V on the geometry of the material, especially material area and perimeter of a flat wake. This research is qualitative descriptive field. Subjects were 43 fifth grade students who come from 4 SD / MI in the city of Yogyakarta. Data retrieval by providing written test questions, the essay form. The results showed that the most frequent errors are errors of type-1, which is a misconception. Another error is the fault of type-3, namely: writing mathematical notation and use of the unit

Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Integrasi Penerapan Etika Lingkungan dan Penilaian Proyek pada Pembelajaran IPA untuk Meningkatkan Partisipasi Siswa dalam Pengelolaan Lingkungan yang Berkelanjutan (Studi Kasus di SMP N Klaten)

Lack of student awareness and participation in environmental sustainable management is caused in learning natural science has not provided a deeper portion of the formation of critical thinking skills and character building care about the environment.To provide a sufficient portion of the problem is done with the integration of environmental and ethical application of project assessment in learning natural science. Objectives to be achieved are 1) Develop a learning model integration of environmental ethics and assessment project in learning Natural science, 2) Whether the application learning models of environmental ethics and assessment project in learning Natural science can increase student participation and awareness in environmental sustainable management ?Results of study are 1 ) Outline of the Learning Model, This learning model focused on how the application of environmental ethics of ethics "thank-you" with the assumption that building ethical relationship between humans and the environment. Human who was accept all needs of the environment must provide a response in the form of a sense of "love" to the environment. The realization of this character is a sense of caring, loving and arbitrarily against fellow beings and the environment.While the application of project assessment focuses formation of character in the form of critical thinking skills of observation, exploration, find a hypothesis, generalization and inquiry . 2) Development of learning objectives Model, Ethics and character development of students to participate and care about the environment through learning that is a mind on to hand on shift, the goal is the building of character expected of students who have the skills to think critically and be able to apply environmental ethics in everyday behavior through application of ethics "thank-you "in appreciating the relationship between living things and the environment 3) Model implementation of learning in the classroom,Application of learning models and the integration of environmental ethics in project appraisal given in class 7A SMP N 1 Klaten school year 2011/2012 in semester 2.The objective of this model is to know the level of participation and awareness of students on the environment. To determine the level of student participation and awareness of the environment is done by Daily observations of student behavior through peer assessment,Giving questionnaires and Implement the program "foster plant ". This program assigns students to grow plants in pots and kept in the school. Species is determined by the group and each student gets a small one plant.The application of such models in the study with the following results; 1) Daily behavioral observations 7A graders have changed hygiene behavior, especially in the classroom, responsibility in the completion of tasks, saving electric and water and care plant fosterage and other plants that exist in schools. Giving results of the questionnaire on the students obtained the level of awareness and participation of students on the environment reached 51.56% (cycle 1) and 77.3% (cycle 2) with the level of awareness and participation rates of students on the environment at a high level.2 )Foster the implementation of the plant in early trials of many plants which die, especially in boys. After the student is given motivation and guidance about what it has given plants on living things and how to apply any intelligent human ethics "thank-you" then the next month going enhancing students' awareness and participation for foster care and maintain our plant

Peran Bupati Dr. Hj. Widya Kandi Susanti, Mm Dalam Perencanaan Dan Penganggaran Responsif Gender (Pprg) Pada APBD Kabupaten Kendal Tahun Anggaran 2011-2013

Gender Responsive Planning and Budgeting (PPRG) is planning and budgetingarranged by considering four aspects: access, participation, control, and benefits which areconducted equitably between women and men. Through Permendagri No. 67 in 2011, PPRGbecomes one of the tools to improve gender equality and justice in implementing the gendermainstreaming (PUG) strategy in a region.This study was conducted to determine the role of Regent Widya Kandi Susanti inplanning and budgeting the gender responsive local budgets. It also describes variousproblems in the field such as enabling and inhabiting factors both from within and fromoutside, so that the influence of women as the head of a region in gender responsive planningand budgeting to implement gender mainstreaming in Kendal Regency is known. The methodof the study used was qualitative description. Primary data source was gathered throughinterview using purposive sampling technique, while secondary data were obtained fromdocument, archive and other sources relating to the study. The analysis used qualitative dataanalysis technique by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusion or verification.The research result shows that Regent Widya Kandi Susanti's commitment in reducinggender discrepancy is written in the vision and mission of Kendal Regency RPJMD and whomore of a role in the implementing PPRG in Kendal Regency are PUG teams. The obstaclesin implementing PPRG in Kendal Regency is the existence of official rotation which is toofast, the absence of regional regulation on the implementing PPRG and the lack of publicofficial knowledge regarding gender causes PPRG has not been implemented effectively ineach SKPD, and gender responsive budget allocation in Kendal Regency Budgets year 2011-2013 remains neutral.Recommendations that can be given are Kendal Regency Government should givecommitment and support through local regulations to assure the implementation of genderresponsive budget in planning, budgeting, monitoring, and evaluating activities. Publicofficials also need to obtain gender responsive budget training sustainably in developing theappropriate understanding regarding gender responsive budget

Abundance of Pollinator Insect (Forcipomyia Spp .) of Cocoa Under Some Shade Trees

Cocoa production is affected by cocoa flowering and fruiting. The factor affects fruit seeting is pollinator agent such as Forcipomyia spp. Until now, information concerning population dynamics of Forcipomyia in some models of cocoa shading trees remains limited. This research was studied to observe the population dynamics of Forcipomyia spp. in some models of cocoa shading trees, namely lamtoro (Leucaena sp.), krete (Cassia surithensis) and areca nut (Areca catechu) in two main season of rainy and dry seasons. The research was conducted in Kaliwining research station of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), Jember, by surveying the existing cocoa under different types of shading trees as mentioned above. The insects were observed using modified sticky trap method, whilst micro climate condition was also observed. The highest population was in January (rainy season) under Leucaena spp. shade tress and the lowest population was in October under all type of the shading trees. There was no relationship between microclimate condition under cocoa trees (temperature, RH and light intensity) and Forcipomyia spp. population (r = 0.08 and 0.04)